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地下储层构型表征:现状与展望

地下储层构型表征是近十几年发展起来的油气藏开发地质研究方向。与露头构型分析不同的是,地下储层构型表征主要依据地震信息和多井信息,相应地发展了两类方法,其一为地震沉积学(地貌学)方法,即通过三维地震资料地层切片等方式,利用地震成像特征研究沉积单元的分布;其二为多井模式预测方法,即通过将不同级次的定量构型模式与地下井资料(包括动态监测资料)进行拟合,分级约束并预测不同级次的构型单元的井间分布。论述了这两类方法的起源、基本原理、应用范畴及存在问题,并根据油田生产要求与技术发展提出了进一步深入研究的方向,包括三维定量构型模式的深化研究、储层构型地震响应及解释方法研究、多井模拟拟合方法的改进与创新等。     

大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带硫、铅同位素组成及其地质意义

大兴安岭南段是我国北方重要的多金属矿床成矿带,对其成矿物质来源的分析研究有利于区域成矿规律的总结。在前人的工作基础上,对典型矿床的矿石矿物进行了硫、铅同位素研究。结果表明:闪锌矿、方铅矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、辉钼矿等硫化物的δ34S值主要变化范围为-6‰～4‰,平均值为0‰,峰值出现在0‰～2‰,呈塔式分布;无明显的重硫、轻硫富集,说明硫源较单一;矿石矿物及岩石的206 Pb/204 Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb值的变化范围主要集中在18.13～18.74、15.38～15.68和37.1～38.93,其平均值分别为18.38、15.54和38.09。同时,数据结果显示:成矿带的东部与西部存在较为明显的铅同位素差异,西部矿床中铅的分布主要集中在造山带演化线附近,而东部矿床中铅主要集中分布在上地幔和造山带演化曲线附近。     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤炭基地含水层及其保护研究

鄂尔多斯盆地周边分布着神东、陕北、黄陇和宁东四个大型煤炭基地,煤炭资源丰富,但开采利用程度低,是我国＂十二五＂期间重点开发的矿区。在系统分析盆地内侏罗系煤层顶板白垩系裂隙含水层和第四系萨拉乌苏组孔隙含水层富水性的基础上,揭示了含水层与煤层的叠置关系;以煤炭开采破坏含水层、煤层与含水层距离、煤层与地表距离、含水层富水性为依据,将含水层破坏模式划分为：破坏顶板萨拉乌苏组含水层亚区、煤层埋藏浅破坏顶板含水层及生态环境亚区、破坏顶板含水层富水性较好亚区、破坏顶板含水层富水性较弱亚区,并对含水层破坏程度进行了分区评价;最后提出了含水层保护措施,为煤炭开采后的防治水工作提供了依据。     

Research on Spatial Uniformity of Rainfall Generator

In order to improve the spatial uniformity of rainfall generator to natural rainfall uniformity, according to the rotation of the test platform, a rotary test platform was designed and developed, and the slip-ring was used to solve the problem of signal transmission in the process of the rotation. Besides, the relationship between rotational speed and spatial uniformity of rainfall generator was established. The results of tipping-bucket rain gauge tested in rainfall field and flow type rainfall intensity standard device testing demonstrated that rainfall generator as the rainfall accumulation and rainfall intensity of the test environment was feasible. Results showed that with the increase of the rotate speed, spatial uniformity first increased, and then decreases, and with the decrease of the test area, different speed presented different trends. When the rotational speed was 1 RPM, test area was 1.6 m×1.6 m and 1.2 m×1.2 m, its uniformity of rainfall generator reached maximum which was bigger than 95%; with the increase of the rotate speed, tipping-bucket rain gauge of RA and RI were of good consistency under the RPM 1 and RPM 2 and the RA maximum deviation reached minimum, 0.2 mm; the average of RA under flow type rainfall intensity standard device test consisted well with rotating test platform at speed RPM 1 and 2, which illustrated the rotary testing platform was consistent with the flow type rainfall intensity standard device. It showed that the method to improve the space uniformity of rainfall generator is feasible and it could find the dynamic difference of RA.     

Interannual variations of North Equatorial Current transport in the Pacific Ocean during two types of El Niño

Interannual variations of Pacific North Equatorial Current (NEC) transport during eastern-Pacific El Niños (EP-El Niños) and central-Pacific El Niños (CP-El Niños) are investigated by composite analysis with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Ocean Analysis/Reanalysis System 3. During EP-El Niño, NEC transport shows significant positive anomalies from the developing to decay phases, with the largest anomalies around the mature phase. During CP-El Niño, however, the NEC transport only shows positive anomalies before the mature phase, with much weaker anomalies than those during EP-El Niño. The NEC transport variations are strongly associated with variations of the tropical gyre and wind forcing in the tropical North Pacific. During EP-El Niño, strong westerly wind anomalies and positive wind stress curl anomalies in the tropical North Pacific induce local upward Ekman pumping and westward-propagating upwelling Rossby waves in the ocean, lowering the sea surface height and generating a cyclonic gyre anomaly in the western tropical Pacific. During CP-El Niño, however, strength of the wind and associated Ekman pumping velocity are very weak. Negative sea surface height and cyclonic flow anomalies are slightly north of those during EP El Niño.     

桃山大布铀矿床绿泥石特征及其形成环境

花岗岩型铀矿中,绿泥石化作为热液蚀变的重要类型之一,其种类多样,据此可以推断其形成环境。笔者在岩石薄片观察的基础上,通过对绿泥石进行电子探针成分分析,认为桃山大布铀矿床的绿泥石主要为铁绿泥石、蠕绿泥石,其形成于中低温酸性热液作用环境。     

Study on soil heavy metals contamination of a lead refinery

The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg was investigated in the neighboring areas of a lead smelting enterprise and the metals contamination of soil was evaluated with the methodologies of the single factor index and Nemerow integrated index. It is found that the content of heavy metals in the neighboring areas has no obvious difference from the reference points. And the soil contamination of heavy metals varies by elements, the contamination index follows the pollution order： Cd〉Hg〉Cr〉As〉Pb. The pollution degree of Cd is at high level and Hg at low level, but Cr and As reached the warning level. Therefore, the lead smelting enterprises should not only control lead but also other heavy metals as Cd.     

高瞻远瞩 严谨求实——回忆涂光炽先生二三事

<正>涂光炽先生是一位杰出的地质学家、地球化学家和矿床学家,他毕生为我国的地学发展、矿业开发和人才培养做出了重大贡献。现仅就先生的治学精神谈一点体会,以表示对先生的崇敬和怀念之情。     

大比例尺数字地形图的数据质量控制

数据质量控制是良好的数字地形图质量的重要保证。文中从野外采集数据和地图数字化两个方面分析了影响大比例尺数字地形图数据质量的因素 ,讨论了数据质量控制的方法。