Multi-year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model （RegCM_NCC）. Part Ⅰ： Sensitivity Study

A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center （NCC）, China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP （Institute of Atmospheric Physics） T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year （2001 to 2004） prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process paraxneterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme （MFS） and Betts-Miller scheme （BM） for convective precipitation, the LPMI （land surface process model I） and LPMII （land surface process model Ⅱ） for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE （turbulent kinetic energy） scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 （RegCM_NCC） has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions.     

测井资料评价高岭石矿层的实践

准 格 尔 旗 煤 田 黑 岱 沟 露 天 矿 与 六 号 煤 层 共 生 的 高 岭 石 矿 视 电 阻 率 值 最 低 而 煤 最 高 ,自 然 伽 玛 值 则 高 于 煤和 其 它 围 岩 ,易 于 分 辨 。利 用 视 电 阻 率 的 拐 点 和 自 然 伽 马 曲 线 的 半 幅 点 可 以 确 定 厚 度 。用 以 往 的 煤 田 勘 探 的 测 井 资料 ,对 见 矿 点 的 可 靠 性 进 行 了 评 价 ,使 可 靠 和 较 可 靠 层 次 从 73% 增 加 到 94% 。 在 解 释 对 比 的 基 础 上 圈 出 了 矿 层 范围 并 准 确 计 算 出 储 量 。     

Research on Superimposed Metallogenic System

As located in the junction of three tectonic plates (the Eurasian plate, the Indian plate and the west Pacific plate), the China continent shows complex regional metallogenic features due to tectonic evolution of “micro-plates, polycycle tectonic movements”. Well developed superimposed metailogenic systems have constituted one of the regional metallogenic features in China. Through the study on superimposed metailogenic system of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and of the Yuebei basin (northern Guangdong Province), the authors put forward some basic combination pattern of sedimentary-magmatic superimposed metailogenic system and summarize its forming conditions (controlling factors).     

Major and trace element geochemistry of plutonic rocks from Francistown, NE Botswana: evidence for a Neoarchaean continental active margin in the Zimbabwe craton

The Neoarchaean Tati granite–greenstone terrane occurs within the southwestern part of the Zimbabwe craton in NE Botswana. It comprises 10 intrusive bodies forming part of three distinct plutonic suites: (1) an earlier TTG suite dominated by tonalites, trondhjemites, Na-granites distributed into high-Al (Group 1) and low-Al (Group 2) TTG sub-suite rocks; (2) a Sanukitoid suite including gabbros and Mg-diorites; and (3) a younger high-K granite suite displaying I-type, calc-alkaline affinities.

The Group 1 TTG sub-suite rocks are marked by high Sr/Y values and strongly fractionated chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns, with no Eu anomaly. The Group 2 TTG sub-suite displays higher LREE contents, negative Eu anomaly and small to no fractionation of HREE. The primordial mantle-normalized patterns of the Francistown TTGs are marked by negative Nb–Ti anomalies. The geochemical characteristics of the TTG rocks are consistent with features of silicate melts from partial melting of flat subducting slabs for the Group 1 sub-suite and partial melting of arc mafic magmas underplated in the lower crust for the Group 2 sub-suite. The gabbros and high-Mg diorites of the Sanukitoid suite are marked by Mg#>0.5, high Al₂O₃ (>>16%), low TiO₂ (<0.6%) and variable enrichment of HFSE and LILE. Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns are flat in gabbros and mildly to substantially fractionated in high-Mg diorites, with minor negative or positive Eu anomalies. The primordial mantle-normalized diagrams display negative Nb–Ti (and Zr in gabbros) anomalies. Variable but high Sr/Y, Sr/Ce, La/Nb, Th/Ta and Cs/La and low Ce/Pb ratios mark the Sanukitoid suite rocks. These geochemical features are consistent with melting of a sub-arc heterogeneously metasomatised mantle wedge source predominantly enriched by earlier TTG melts and fluids from dehydration of a subducting slab. Melting of the mantle wedge is consistent with a steeper subduction system. The late to post-kinematic high-K granite suite includes I-type calc-alkaline rocks generated through crustal partial melting of earlier TTG material. The Neoarchaean tectonic evolution of the Zimbabwe craton is shown to mark a broad continental magmatic arc (and related accretionary thrusts and sedimentary basins) linked to a subduction zone, which operated within the Limpopo–Shashe belt at 2.8–2.65 Ga. The detachment of the subducting slab led to the uprise of a hotter mantle section as the source of heat inducing crustal partial melting of juvenile TTG material to produce the high-K granite suite.     

Variation of drought over northern China during 1950-2000

Based on China's monthly precipitation data of 629 stations during 1950-2000, we calculated Z indices and separated them into seven Dryness and Wetness grades. Further, a drought area index was proposed to study changes in drought severity in northern China. The results revealed that the different severity of droughts all showed expanding trends in northern China's main agricultural area. Moreover, the area coverage of droughts in different seasons and different regions displayed different trends.     

改进型PDC钻头切削齿室内破岩试验研究

表面带碳化钨保护层的新型聚晶金刚石复合片既可保持复合片的自锐特性及耐磨性,又可以避免切削齿的崩裂,掉块现象,在硬地层中,新型ＰＤＣ切削齿在钻速,切削齿强度和寿命方面与常规ＰＤＣ齿相比具有更好的工作性能。     

Unique Solution of R Canis Majoris

We present spectroscopic CCD observations of R Canis Majoris obtained in 1993. A total of 19 plates for Hα line were secured and reduced with the IRAF for radial velocities. A new radial velocity curve has been analyzed with collected light curves by the method of the Wilson and Devinney Differential Correction. The solution set including mass ratio q = 0.17 is determined as a unique solution by cross checking simultaneous adjustment of radial velocity and light curves, mass-luminosity relation, and distance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

地图数字化数据的平差处理

地图数字化是获取 GIS空间数据的主要手段之一。针对地图数字化过程中对直角型和直线型地物的数据采集误差的平差处理 ,建立了条件方程 ,并讨论了衡量地图数字化质量的精度标准     

中国三条高温高压变质带及其地质意义

高温高压变质岩是指高温（热）榴辉岩－高压麻粒岩－石榴角闪岩的变质序列。其形成的大地构造环境为陆－陆碰撞或陆－弧碰撞带,而不形成于与洋壳有关的汇聚性板块边缘。中国境内有三条典型的高温高压变质带,它们是桑干－承德变质带,大别山－苏鲁变质带和南迦巴瓦变质带。变质时代分别是２５００Ｍａ,２１０～２４０Ｍａ和１７～１４Ｍａ。大别山－苏鲁变质带是中生代陆－陆碰撞带根部变质杂岩,代表了华北与扬子两个陆块拼合的界限。年轻的南迦巴瓦变质带是陆－弧碰撞带变质岩系,高压麻粒岩除了在冈第斯岩浆弧的根部以透镜体出露外,主要代表了被掀斜抬升的印度陆块的基底下地壳岩石。桑干－承德变质带是华北克拉通内的高压麻粒岩－榴辉岩转换相的变质带,表明在晚太古代已有与显生宙相似的形成高压变质带的大地构造机制。     

Research in historical earthquakes in the Korean peninsula and its circumferential regions

The historical earthquake data is one of the important foundations for seismic monitoring, earthquake fore-cast and seismic safety evaluation. However, the recognition of earthquake is limited by the scientific and techno-logical level. Therefore, the earthquake can only be described using perfect earthquake catalogue after the seismo-graph is invented. Before this time, the earthquake parameters were determined according to the earthquake disas-ter on the surface and the written records in history, and the earthquake level was measured using earthquake in-tensity.