Data fusion technique for multibeam echosoundings

On the basis of an analysis of the error sources in multibeam echosounding system, a data processing method for compensating systematic errors in multibeam survey is proposed. In order to improve the accuracy of overall swath, a data fusion technique using single beam survey data as control information for single beam and multibeam echosounding is then presented. Some questions involved in solving the adjustment problem, such as its feasibility and the numerical stability, are discussed in detail, and a two-step adjustment method is suggested. Finally, a practical survey data set is used as a case study to prove the efficiency and reliability of the proposed methods.     

IPCC第六次气候变化评估中的气候约束预估方法

得益于第五次评估报告（AR5）以来约束预估研究的迅速发展,观测约束成为政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第一工作组（WGI）第六次评估报告（AR6）提升对未来预估约束的证据链中的重要一环。IPCC第一工作组第六次评估报告首次利用包括根据历史模拟温度升高幅度得到的观测约束、多模式预估以及第六次评估报告中更新的气候敏感度在内的多条证据链来约束全球地表温度未来变化的预估,减小了多模式预估的不确定性。文中回顾并介绍了IPCC第一工作组第六次评估报告中涉及的几种主要观测约束方法（多模式加权方法、基于归因结论的约束方法（ASK方法）、萌现约束方法）及其应用情况。在IPCC第一工作组第六次评估报告以及很多针对不同区域不同变量的预估研究中,观测约束方法均显示出了订正模式误差、改善模式预估的潜力。相比而言,目前中国在观测约束预估方面的研究还不多,亟待加强观测约束方法研究以及在中国区域气候变化预估中的应用,为中国应对气候变化的政策制定和适应规划提供更丰富、不确定性更小的未来气候信息。      

不同时间尺度洛川塬地貌演化与侵蚀量估算

黄土高原降雨集中与黄土沉积松散等特性,使地表侵蚀严重.洛川塬作为黄土高原中部典型的地貌体,堆积了完整的第四纪黄土-古土壤序列,成为揭示我国乃至东亚第四纪环境演变的重要地质记录.另一方面,现在洛川塬遭受强烈侵蚀作用,沟谷密度大于2km/km2.对洛川塬地质时期侵蚀程度的定量认识有助于全面理解黄土高原堆积和侵蚀过程,进而定...     

北大西洋IODP U1313站深海沉积中环境敏感粒度组分研究

通过对北大西洋IODP U1313站深海沉积序列高密度取样和粒度分析,利用粒级-标准偏差变化算法和EMD方法提取了对环境敏感粒度组分并探讨了气候变化的周期.本文粒度组分可分为细组分(＜1.73μm,组分Ⅰ)和粗组分(＞1.73μm,组分Ⅱ),其中粗组分又分为组分Ⅱa(1.73 ～ 34.26μm)和组分Ⅱb(＞34.26μm).综合分析认为:组分Ⅰ为西风环流搬运堆积形成,组分Ⅱ为洋流搬运下沉积形成,组分Ⅱb虽然含量较低,但能指示冰漂砾事件的发生.比值曲线组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ和组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱa波动幅度较大,可作为反映古气候冷暖波动的敏感指标.对组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ进行EMD分解,结果表明:在本研究时段内,两指标对地球轨道三要素的周期体现均不明显,而2ka(2.12ka和2.15ka)的亚轨道千年周期是主要的周期之一.依据上述多个指标的波动情况,把研究剖面69.93 ～ 115.18mcd(1471.53～2415.60ka)分为9个古气候变化阶段:A阶段(1471.53～1640.09ka),对应深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)49～ 57,冰期和间冰期迅速转换,发生多次IRD事件;B阶段(1640.09～ 1865.57ka),对应MIS 58 ～ 69,间冰期显著而冰期不明显;C阶段(1865.57～1914.70ka),对应MIS 70～72,冰期显著而间冰期不明显;D阶段(1914.70～2021.13ka),对应MIS 73～76,冰期不显著;E阶段(2021.13～2092.21ka),对应MIS 77～78,冰期显著,发生多次IRD事件;F阶段(2092.21 ～ 2226.43ka),对应MIS 79～85,间冰期显著;G阶段(2226.43 ～2261.53ka),对应MIS 86期,发生多次IRD事件;H阶段(2261.53～ 2384.61ka),对应MIS 87～93,冰期不显著而间冰期显著;Ⅰ阶段(2384.61 ～2415.60ka),对应MIS 94 ～ 95,发生多次IRD事件.     

海南夏季雷暴时空分布特征及成因

利用海南18个市县雷暴资料、海南地形高度资料、海南日最高气温资料、海口和三亚2个测站日辐射观测资料和海南中尺度乡镇自动站逐时风资料等,研究海南夏季雷暴时空分布特征及可能原因.结果表明:海南大部分地区夏季雷暴主要发生在白天,集中发生在午后,只有以三亚为代表的南部地区表现出雷暴主要发生在夜间,与其余地区相反.研究认为这种差...     

Mechanism of strata deformation under protective seam and its application for relieved methane control

In this paper, an equation correlated with normal stress and permeability was developed and FLAC^3D software was used to investigate the rock mass stress evolution and distribution to understand the methane flow characteristics. Research results show that the rock mass under the protective coal seam can be divided into three belts (zones) in the vertical direction, including total de-stressed belt, vertical de-stressed belt and original stress belt. Methane in the total de-stressed belt can flow into the working face of protective coal seam by its own pressure gradient. Methane in the vertical de-stressed belt can only be extracted by boreholes. In the horizontal direction, the rock mass was also divided into five zones, including original zone, compression zone, expansion zone, recovering zone and re-compacted zone, which have been proved correct by the field experiments. The rock mass permeability in the de-stressed belts doesn't increase until stepping into the expansion zone, and from then on higher concentration of methane can be extracted. The methane in original regions is difficult to extract because rock stresses stay the same. The division of “three belts and five zones” reveals the rock mass stress and permeability distribution and evolution and supplies theoretical guidance for relieved methane control.     

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition in the northern South China Sea during winter

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recognized four different vertical distribution patterns of pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a)-like type, divinyl chlorophyll a (DV Chl a) type, even distribution type, and surface type. The average value of ratios of accessory photo-protective pigments (APP) to accessory photo-synthetic pigments was 0.89±0.63 in the upper 50 m and 0.16±0.06 below 50 m depth. With increasing depth, APP decreased and photo-synthetically active radiation was attenuated. There was an obvious succession in the phytoplankton community from inshore to the open sea. Diatoms were dominant in the inshore region, while pelagophytes, Prochlorococcus, cyanobacteria and prymnesiophytes were dominant in the open sea. The vertical distribution of phytoplankton also differed greatly from inshore to the open sea. In the coastal and shelf region, diatoms were important components in the whole water column. Cyanobacteria also had a high abundance at the Subsurface Chlorophyll a Maxima (SCM) in the shelf region. In the slope and open sea, Prochlorococcus and cyanobacteria were important groups above the SCM, while pelagophytes dominated below the SCM.     

Zircon U–Pb Dating and Geochemistry of the Linong Granitoid and Its Relationship to Cu Mineralization in the Yangla Copper Deposit,Yunnan, China

The Yangla copper deposit (Cu reserves: 1.2 Mt) in the Jinshajiang–Lancangjiang–Nujiang region in China is spatially associated with the Linong granitoid. Zircon U–Pb dating shows the granitoid formed at 234.1 ± 1.2 to 235.6 ± 1.2 Ma, and the KT2 ore body of the deposit yields a molybdenite Re–Os model age of 230.9 ± 3.2 Ma. The ages of mineralization and crystallization of the granitoid are identical within the measurement uncertainties, suggesting the Yangla deposit is genitically related to the Indosinian Linong granitoid.     

川中东北部中-下侏罗统湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及其古环境意义

在钻井岩心观察和岩石学分析的基础上,对川中东北部龙岗地区中-下侏罗统自流井组和凉高山组典型钻井取心段碳酸盐岩样品进行了碳氧同位素分析。40余件样品的测试结果表明,δ¹³C_PDB值在-1.24‰～4.59‰之间,除了1个负值外,都为正值。δ¹⁸O_PDB值在-15.7‰～-9.83‰之间,都为负值。与海相和陆相碳酸盐岩同位素值对比显示,自流井期和凉高山期古湖泊均表现出内陆开放性淡水湖泊的特点,没有经过明显的海水入侵。在中-下侏罗统广泛存在的碳同位素正偏移是由湖泊初级生产力提高所导致的。岩相和同位素变化显示了古湖平面经历了2次主旋回和6次次级旋回变化,湖平面变化总体表现为东岳庙段沉积期＞大一三亚段沉积期＞大一亚段沉积期＞凉高山期＞马鞍山段沉积期。古湖泊初级生产力的变化表现为大一三亚段沉积期＞东岳庙段沉积期＞大一亚段沉积期＞凉高山期＞马鞍山段沉积期。     

碳酸盐岩油气藏缝洞单元多学科综合划分方法研究——以塔里木盆地轮古11井区为例

对于已进入开发中后期的碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏,进行缝洞单元精细研究非常重要。盲目部署加密井,很容易导致因为所在单元的储量已被动用而失利。本文采用的碳酸盐岩缝洞单元多学科综合划分方法是:在有井控制的地区,首先分析井间连通性,然后结合生产动态、常规解析试井、流体性质、数值试井等多学科资料确定缝洞单元边界;在无井控制的地区,影响连通性最重要的主控因素是储层本身的相互连通性,其次才是断裂和裂缝,这时可在连通性约束下进行储层和裂缝预测,并以此为主要依据确定缝洞单元边界。对塔里木盆地轮古油气田轮古11井区划分出80个缝洞单元,其中有55个为储量未动用单元(潜力单元),并部署了一些加密井,已钻的XW1井获得了成功,投产初期日产油95t,不含水。