龙山文化末期泾河特大洪水事件光释光测年研究

通过对泾河流域深入的野外考察,在其中游基岩峡谷内发现了含有龙山文化末期文化层和古洪水滞流沉积单元的全新世黄土土壤剖面。利用光释光的单片测年技术,确定古洪水滞流沉积层覆盖着的黑垆土层的OSL年龄为 4078±382aB.P. 和4111±450aB.P.。结合其中所含龙山文化遗址的考古年代,揭示出泾河流域在4100～4000aB.P.之间出现一个古洪水多发时期。这组古洪水滞流沉积单元包含5个单层,记录了4100～4000aB.P.之间泾河流域曾经发生的5次特大古洪水事件。这个洪水期对应着我国北方在4000aB.P.前后,由全新世大暖期向着全新世晚期干旱期转折过程中的气候剧烈变化。这些史前洪水事件可能对我国龙山文化的衰落和古代华夏文明的诞生具有重大的影响。     

基于GIS的重庆地区实际日照时间空间分布研究

本文借助地理信息系统(GIS)技术,在数字高程模型(DEM)数据的基础上对重庆地区的实际日照时间空间分布规律进行了研究.结果表明:以分步式模式计算实际日照时间结果可靠;重庆市实际日照地区分布不均衡,差别较大;总体上,北多南少;南部地区是西多东少.     

欧龙布鲁克地块西段达肯大坂岩群物质组成及变形特征研究

达肯大坂岩群是欧龙布鲁克地块结晶基底的重要组成部分,在形成过程中保存了丰富的物质记录和演化信息,是研究欧龙布鲁克地块乃至我国西部古老地壳及构造演化的窗口。通过对达肯大坂岩群详细的物质组成及构造剖面研究,根据岩石组合及变质—变形特征,将其进一步细化为混合片麻岩岩段、(混合岩化)流变片麻岩岩段、条带状片麻岩岩段、片岩岩段和大理岩岩段,野外调查表明,达肯大坂岩群中发育多期构造变形作用,根据野外变形特征及各期变形的叠加改造关系,初步建立了达肯大坂岩群相对变形序列,为区域构造过程的探讨与对比提供了新的基础资料。     

烟台市自来水管理信息系统的设计与实践

结合烟台市自来水管理实际,介绍了基于ArcGIS的烟台市自来水管理信息系统的设计方案,阐述了系统开发平台、设计思路、系统设计流程和系统功能,着重说明了用户与技术人员交互性扩展系统功能的构想。     

基于GIS的霍山县滑坡地质灾害统计分析

通过GIS平台建立了安徽省霍山县滑坡灾害信息数据库,利用数据库的统计分析功能,获得了霍山县滑坡灾害点的发育分布规律,包括空间分布和时间分布等。根据霍山县滑坡地质灾害的分布规律,结合该地区的工程地质与水文地质条件,人类的工程活动影响等,分析了霍山县滑坡地质灾害的形成条件和影响因素,从人为影响因素角度考虑,指出了避免诱发滑坡地质灾害的途径。     

准噶尔盆地陆梁地区复式油气成藏系统初探

准噶尔盆地陆梁油田的发现表明盆地腹部具有复式油气成藏系统特征,形成多源、多藏和多期次的混源现象。该区可划分为玛湖凹陷—环玛湖东斜坡油气成藏子系统、盆1井西凹陷—石南油田油气成藏子系统及盆1井西凹陷—陆梁油田油气成藏子系统。前者中,烃源灶为玛湖凹陷的风城组,成藏时期分别为晚三叠世及中侏罗世末期,成藏通道为不整合面及扇状砂体,主要形成扇体和古潜山油气藏。盆1井西凹陷—石南油田油气成藏子系统中,烃源灶主要为盆1井西凹陷的风城组,成藏时期分别为早白垩世及古近纪末期,成藏通道主要为断层及不整合面,具有阶梯状成藏特征。盆1井西凹陷—陆梁油田油气成藏子系统中,烃源灶主要为盆1井西凹陷的乌尔禾组,成藏时期分别为中侏罗世末期—早白垩世及古近纪末期,成藏通道主要为断层、不整合面及连通砂体,具有环状成藏特征。各子系统形成的原油特征也有着较大差异。各成藏子系统的分布基本受盆地的构造形态及烃源灶控制,即:玛湖凹陷—环玛湖东斜坡油气成藏子系统相对比较独立,盆1井西凹陷—陆梁油田油气成藏子系统是盆1井西凹陷—石南油田油气成藏子系统的延续与发展。断层和不整合面构成的空间输导网络为各子系统的成藏创造了有利条件。     

基于反对称小波的车型识别研究

在对车型识别去噪和边缘检测进行分析的基础上,提出了一种基于反对称小波的检测方法。首先采用尺度间相关性和尺度内相位法进行有效去噪,然后检测变换模极大值,并进行有效区分保留真正边缘模极大值,最后进行相关恢复处理得到比较清晰的车型边缘。结果表明,该方法提高了车型边缘检测的准确性和车型识别率,具有很好的应用前景     

Characteristics of Holocene Loess-Palaeosol Particle Size Composition and Paleoclimatic Significance in East Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province

This paper made an end-member analysis of particle size data collected from 150 samples based on the continuous Holocene Loess-Paleosol profile (Yaohecun profile) in east Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wavelet analysis was also performed for the EMs along the time scale of depth.The result shows that three end members can be separated from different sediment particle sizes. Based on comparative analysis of magnetic susceptibility and geochemical index, it was considered that the End-member 1 might indicate the weathering and pedogenic remoulding after sediment deposition under the east Asian summer monsoon. The End-member 2 might indicate dynamic effect of dust storm accumulation under the influence of northwest monsoon, representing typical component characteristics of aeolian loess.The End-member 3 indicated the stronger transporting force for coarse components, which should belong to the northeasterly winds for the coarse-grained near-source sediments from the Yellow River flood plain. Results of wavelet analysis show that each EM has different periodic characteristics at 1.5 ka, 3.0 ka and 4.5 ka scales.The End-element analysis method has a good effect in indicating the sedimentary environment and provenance characteristics of sediments. The combination characteristics of each End-member can reflect the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics combination and can well reflect the Holocene dynamic change course. At the same time, it hasreference significance to reconstruct the paleoclimate on the longer time scale.The wavelet analysis method provides significant results in terms of inversion cycles and trends of dynamics change of sedimentary particle size within each EM.     

自然伽马拟声波曲线构建技术探讨

声波测井曲线在地震反演中起着约束和控制模型反演的作用,当其不能反映地层岩性变化时,通常会将现有的非声波测井曲线按照一定的经验公式或统计方法来重构新的声波曲线。但是,这些拟声波曲线构建技术并没有考虑到地层岩石孔隙及孔隙中流体的影响。在考虑到岩石孔隙和孔隙中流体的情况下,拟声波曲线构建技术可以先利用岩石基质的声波速度与自然伽马之间的关系来重构具有声波量纲的新曲线,然后结合原声波曲线中能够反映背景速度的低频信息,构建出新的声波曲线。该方法在鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区取得了不错的应用效果。     

An Application of Hydraulic Tomography to a Large‐Scale Fractured Granite Site,Mizunami, Japan

While hydraulic tomography (HT) is a mature aquifer characterization technology, its applications to characterize hydrogeology of kilometer‐scale fault and fracture zones are rare. This paper sequentially analyzes datasets from two new pumping tests as well as those from two previous pumping tests analyzed by Illman et al. (2009) at a fractured granite site in Mizunami, Japan. Results of this analysis show that datasets from two previous pumping tests at one side of a fault zone as used in the previous study led to inaccurate mapping of fracture and fault zones. Inclusion of the datasets from the two new pumping tests (one of which was conducted on the other side of the fault) yields locations of the fault zone consistent with those based on geological mapping. The new datasets also produce a detailed image of the irregular fault zone, which is not available from geological investigation alone and the previous study. As a result, we conclude that if prior knowledge about geological structures at a field site is considered during the design of HT surveys, valuable non‐redundant datasets about the fracture and fault zones can be collected. Only with these non‐redundant data sets, can HT then be a viable and robust tool for delineating fracture and fault distributions over kilometer scales, even when only a limited number of boreholes are available. In essence, this paper proves that HT is a new tool for geologists, geophysicists, and engineers for mapping large‐scale fracture and fault zone distributions.