柴达木盆地西部第三系蒸发岩与生油岩共生沉积作用研究

许多人认为柴达木盆地第三纪盐湖环境不利于形成有机质丰度高的优质生油岩.作者通过柴达木盆地西部下干柴沟组、上干柴沟组(E3和N1)蒸发岩沉积成因和生油岩有机质富集状态的研究,发现优质生油岩(TOC>1%,干酪根类型为Ⅰ型或Ⅱ1型)恰好发育在石膏、芒硝和岩盐最发育的构造部位和层位,提出了一种"大咸盆套小盐湖"的蒸发岩与生油岩共生的沉积模式,认为第三纪盐湖的水体深浅既控制了蒸发岩沉积和分布,又控制了一般生油岩和优质生油岩的形成,就该盐湖有机质分布规律进行了理论解释.     

多媒体与GIs集成在旅游管理中的应用

从GIS的基本功能出发,把多媒体信息存储在GIS属性库,根据多媒体数据和GIS图形、属性的关联,实现查询的功能。从而提出将多媒体信息融入GIS对旅游信息进行管理,并以安徽省黄山市为例,探讨必要性和应用前景。     

六盘山东麓晚更新世以来黄土粒度指示的物源特征及演变

在宁夏长城塬完整的晚更新世-全新世黄土-古土壤剖面(长城塬剖面)进行高分辨率采样,对125个样品的粒度数据做了粒度端元分析,并对各端元组分含量在地层深度尺度上做了小波分析。结果认为：端元分析法可以把代表4种不同动力的沉积端元分离出来。端元1可能代表了西风带控制下的由高空气流搬运的远源粉尘物质;端元2可能代表了沉积物沉积后在东亚夏季风作用下的风化以及成壤改造作用;端元3可能代表了后期的淋溶作用动力特征;端元4可能代表了东亚冬季风作用下典型的风成黄土粗颗粒组分特征。根据小波分析认为各端元组分含量在不同的深度上均存在着准周期变化,指示了相对应的时间尺度上古季风变化具有准周期性的特征,同时也说明了沉积剖面一直处于较为连续沉积状态,比较完整地记载了各沉积动力过程。各端元组分在不同的时间尺度上具有不同的准周期性特征。     

汉江上游3200-2800aBP特大古洪水重建研究(英文)

Palaeoflood hydrology study is a leading subject in global change study. Through field investigation in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River, palaeoflood slackwater deposits(SWD) were found in the bedrock gorges of the Yunxi reach. The results of field observation, laboratory analysis including particle-size distribution and magnetic susceptibility, and comparison with modern flood deposits, the SWD were identified as the most typical Holocene palaeoflood deposits of the Hanjiang River. By using stratigraphic correlation and OSL dating method, the palaeoflood event was dated to be 3200–2800 a BP at the turn from the middle to late Holocene. According to the palaeoflood peak stage and hydraulic parameters, the peak discharges of the palaeoflood were reconstructed as 48,830–51,710 m3/s by using the slope-area method. At same time, the flood peak discharges of 1983, 2005 and 2010 severe floods were reconstructed with the same method and hydraulic parameters in the same cross section. The error between the reconstructed and gauged discharges was 1.99%–4.21%. This showed that the reconstructed palaeoflood peak discharges were reliable. The flood peak discharge-frequency relationship at 10,000-year time scale was established by a combination of the gauged flood, historical flood and palaeoflood hydrological data. These results are very important for hydraulic engineering and flood mitigation on the Hanjiang River.     

Holocene palaeoflood events recorded by slackwater deposits along the lower Jinghe River valley,middle Yellow River basin,China

Palaeoflood slackwater deposits (SWDs), are the natural record of overbank flooding and are often found within aeolian loess‐soil profiles along the river valleys of the middle Yellow River basin. These pedo‐stratigraphic sequences are studied using a multi‐disciplinarily approach to reconstruct Holocene hydro‐climatic variations. Our field investigations along the lower Jinghe River valley have identified palaeoflood SWDs at several sites along the riverbanks based on sedimentological criteria. Analytical results, including magnetic susceptibility, particle‐size distribution and concentrations of chemical elements, indicate that these well‐sorted palaeoflood SWD beds were deposited from the suspended sediment load in floodwaters. We identify two episodes of extraordinary palaeoflood events along the Jinghe River valley. These hydro‐climatic events were dated to 4200–4000 and 3200–2800 a BP, by using the optically stimulated luminescence method in combination with archaeological dating of retrieved anthropogenic remains, and with pedo‐stratigraphic correlations with the previously studied Holocene pedo‐stratigraphy in the Jinghe River drainage basin. The flooding events are therefore considered to be a regional expression of known climatic events in the northern hemisphere and demonstrate Holocene climate was far from stable. This study provides important data in understanding the interactions between regional hydro‐climatic systems and global change in semi‐arid and sub‐humid regions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1992-2013年巢湖流域土壤侵蚀动态变化

基于GIS和RS技术,利用修正的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）模型,结合遥感影像、DEM数据、土壤类型数据及相关统计确定了模型中参数因子,计算出巢湖流域1992-2013年土壤侵蚀模数,分析了土壤侵蚀强度的时空动态变化特征。结果表明：巢湖流域土壤侵蚀区域主要呈东北至西南方向分布。微度、轻度、中度、强度、极强和剧烈侵蚀占土壤侵蚀总面积百分比分别是93.46%、6.25%、0.68%、0.19%、0.01%、0.01%。1992-2006年土壤侵蚀模数由510.70 t/（km²·a）减少到129.79 t/（km²·a）,降幅为74.59%,同时植被覆盖率由37.0%增至47.80%,土壤侵蚀的面积比例变化明显,轻度、中度、强度、极强和剧烈侵蚀由8.93%、2.33%、1.32%、0.09%、0.05%分别减少为4.74%、1.39%、0.28%、0.02%、0.01%,微度侵蚀由87.88%增加到94.16%。但2013年土壤微度侵蚀又减少为93.46%,土壤微度侵蚀有向高一级转换趋势。2006-2013年土壤侵蚀模数也由129.79 t/（km²·a）增加到149.44 t/（km²·a）,增幅为15.14%。     

Energy partitioning over a semi‐arid shrubland in northern China

During the last decade, the widely distributed shrublands in northern China have shown significant signs of recovery from desertification, the result of widespread conservation practices. However, to support the current efforts in conservation, more knowledge is needed on surface energy partitioning and its biophysical controls. Using eddy‐covariance measurements made over a semi‐arid shrubland in northwest China in 2012, we examined how surface energy‐balance components vary on diurnal and seasonal scales, and how biophysical factors control bulk surface parameters and energy exchange. Sensible heat flux (H) exceeded latent heat flux (λE) during most of the year, resulting in an annual Bowen ratio (β, i.e. H/λE) of 2.0. λE exceeded H only in mid‐summer when frequent rainfall co‐occurred with the seasonal peak in leaf area index (LAI). Evapotranspiration reached a daily maximum of 3.3 mm day^?1, and summed to 283 mm yr^?1. The evaporative fraction (EF, i.e. λE/R_n), Priestley–Taylor coefficient (α), surface conductance (g_s) and decoupling coefficient (Ω) were all positively correlated with soil water content (SWC) and LAI. The direct enhancement of λE by high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was buffered by a concurrent suppression of g_s. The g_s played a direct role in controlling EF and α by mediating the effects of LAI, SWC and VPD. Our results highlight the importance of adaptive plant responses to water scarcity in regulating ecosystem energy partitioning, and suggest an important role for revegetation in the reversal of desertification in semi‐arid areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

盆地模拟技术中的化学动力学生烃模型与应用

油气地表化探数据的失真(特别是数据中的高值失真点)直接影响到化探异常圈定。本文根据油气地表化探数据的分布特点，利用概率统计原理，提出一种适合油气化探资料前期处理的失真数据的概率判定方法和处理手段，在对实际资料的应用中，取得了良好的效果。     

松辽盆地松科1井上白垩统烃源岩有机碳含量与沉积速率的关系*

与海相盆地相比,陆相湖盆沉积物TOC和沉积速率关系的研究尚处于探索阶段,尤其是在沉积作用对TOC的控制机理研究方面还有待深入。首先运用旋回地层学方法,识别了松科1井南孔上白垩统天文周期,并利用滑动窗口频谱分析方法计算了各窗口的沉积速率及对应的TOC值。以姥鲛烷和植烷(Pr/Ph)比值作为氧化还原条件的指标,以介形虫壳体的δ¹³C作为古生产力大小的指标,对不同环境和不同古生产力条件下TOC和沉积速率的关系进行了探讨。研究表明: 在还原环境下,TOC主要取决于古生产力高低,而沉积速率的影响相对较小,当古生产力较高时,TOC值一般大于1%;反之,TOC值小于1%。但在氧化环境、低古生产力条件下,TOC随着沉积速率先增大后减小,其临界值为11,cm/ka。