Toxic effects of zinc on four species of freshwater fish

The toxic effects of Zn²⁺ on Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthyps molitrix C. et V.), Big Head Carp (Aristrichthys nobilis Richardson), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon ilellus C. et V.), and Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama aimbly-cephala Yih) are studied. The test results are: (1) There are linear correlations between 24h LC₅₀ and 48h LC₅₀ of Zn²⁺ for Silver Carp fingerling and temperature. 24h LC₅₀, 48h LC₅₀ and 96h LC₅₀ of Zn²⁺ for fry of the four species are also determined; (2) There are logarithmic correlations between the growth rates of the fry and the concentrations of Zn²⁺ and between expansion of fish egg membranes after absorbing water and concentrations of Zn²⁺; (3) The tolerance of fry of the four species to Zn²⁺ is in the following order: Grass Carp>Silver Carp>Blunt Snout Bream>Big Head Carp; (4) The safe concentrations of Zn²⁺ are: Big Head Carp: 0.008 mg/L, Grass Carp: 0.046 mg/L, Blunt Snout Bream: 0.010 mg/L, Silver Carp: 0.012 mg/L, Silver Carp fingerling: 0.09 mg/L.     

EFFECTS OF DCMU ON CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE RATIO F685/F735 IN MARINE RED,BROWN AND GREEN ALGAE

The chorophyll fluorescence ratio F685/F735 in vivo can be a useful indicator for stress detection inhigher plants and seaweed. DCMU [3 - (3, 4 - dichlorophenyl ) - 1, 1 - dimethylurea] treatment influencesthis ratio. Th effects of DCMU on F685/F735 of marine red, brown and green algae under excitationlight of different wavelengths were investigted. In the brown algae, Laminaria japonica and Undariapinnatifida,DCMU did not increase this ratio under blue light excitation but increased the ratio slightlyunder excitation by green light. For the red algea, Halymenia sinensis, DCMU increased the ratiomarkedly under both blue and green ligh excitation. The percentage increase could reach 50% (undergreen light excitation) and was due to unequal enhancement at the two emission maxima by DCMU. Afraction of chlorophyll which contributed to fluorescence in the 735 nm region was less sensitive toDCMU and was likely from photosystem I of red algae. In the green alga, Ulva pertusa, DCMU causeda slight increase in F685     

RELATION BETWEEN WATER TEMPERATURE, WATER EXCHANGE AMOUNT, FEED AND PRAWN DISEASE

ImooUrnONTheedycarsePiddricofprawndiscaseintheprawnculturecoastalarmsofChi-naandsoutheastAsiaresultedinnoproduCtinnoutputfromrnostprawnpondsandheaVyerenoAnclosscyumbull,l994).Upt0now,devemeasimtopreventandtreatthediseasehavenotbopresental,althoughwaterenvironmentdeteriorationisconunn-lyknowntobethekcyfactorcausingthisdhase(Jiang,l994).ThispreliIninrystudyonthereati0nsbetweenprawndiseaseandfactorsthatseriouslyaffodwatetenvirDimtalquality(WaterteInPeratllre,waterexchangeamount,andarnountSa…     

地表过程与人类活动对硅产出影响的研究进展

硅元素是地球第二大组成元素,深刻影响着地表物质循环,是陆海相互作用研究、全球碳循环研究的关键元素之一.从自然风化、生物过程和人类活动3个方面综述了国内外有关地表过程对硅产出影响的研究进展,重点分析了生物过程和人类活动在硅生物地球化学循环过程中的作用.综合分析指出,应着重开展生物参与下原生/次生硅酸盐矿物风化速率的研究,重视高等植物在区域硅循环中的作用;富营养化与筑坝对于河流硅的滞留都十分重要,因筑坝产生的水库清水下泄在中下游河道产生的潜在效应很可能对河口硅输入产生重要的影响.应采用地球化学示踪技术,加强这方面的定量研究、模型研究、过程研究以及系统的综合性研究,特别是对流域地表过程的改变以及与筑坝、富营养化过程的联合作用,应进行深入的多学科交叉综合研究.     

The occurrence of vanadium in nature: its biogeochemical cycling and relationship with organic matter—a case study of the Early Cambrian black rocks of the Niutitang Formation,western Hunan,China

Acta Geochimica - Vanadium in the black rocks has economic and environmental impacts. In sediments, it is broadly disseminated as a multivalent metal element mainly sensitive to redox settings....     

Lyase Activities of Heterologous CpcS and CpcT for Phycocyanin Holo-β-subunit from Arthrospira platensis in Escherichia coli

Arthrospira platensis is an economically important cyanobacterium; and it has been used widely in food and pharmaceutical industries. The phycocyanin(PC) from A. platensis is extremely valuable in medicine and molecular biology due to its antioxidation and anti-tumoring activity and applicability as fluorescence protein tag. In present study, two recombinant plasmids, one contained the phycocyanobilin(PCB)-producing genes(hox1 and pcyA) while the other contained the phycobiliprotein gene(cpcB) and the lyase gene(either cpcS/U or cpcT), were constructed and synchronically transferred into E. coli in order to test the the activities of relevant lyases for catalysing PCB addition to CpcB during synthesizing fluorescent PC holo-β-subunit(β-PC) of A. platensis. As was evidenced by the fluorescence emitted at a peak specific for PC, CpcB was successfully synthesized in E. coli, to which co-expressed PCBs attached though at a relatively low efficiency. The results showed that the attachment of PCBs to CpcB were carried out mainly by co-expressed CpcS/U but CpcB also showed some autocatalytic activity. Currently, no CpcT activity was detected in this E. coli expression system. Further studies will be conducted to improve the efficiency of fluorescent PC synthesis in E. coli.     

北极黄河站地区不同基底中真菌的分离培养及初步鉴定

为了探索北极陆域真菌的多样性,进一步揭示其生态学角色,本研究对中国第5次北极科学考察采集自黄河站区附近的24份样品进行了真菌的分离培养及鉴定,样品涂布划线后共分离得到60株真菌,其中腐殖质样品中分离到的真菌种类和数量最多;对选取的28株代表菌株进行了真菌ITS区序列鉴定,结果表明它们分属于4个纲,12个属,分别为散囊菌纲、粪壳菌纲、座囊菌纲和微藻菌纲,其中地丝霉属为优势类群。该结果表明北极地区具有丰富的真菌物种多样性。通过对代表土壤理化性质的测定,探究了真菌多样性和土壤理化参数的相关性,其中有机碳氮及可溶性营养盐含量是影响北极土壤真菌多样性的重要指标。     

柴达木盆地南翼山油田新近系油砂山组低渗微裂缝储集层特征及成因分析

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定并借助X衍射全岩矿物分析,对柴达木盆地南翼山油田新近系油砂山组储集层特征进行分析。该区岩石中泥质含量高,岩性复杂,可划分为泥岩、碳酸盐岩、砂岩和混积岩4种类型。储集层中发育粒间孔、溶蚀孔、微孔隙和微裂缝等,形成了具有双重孔隙介质的储集空间特征。微裂缝是该区主要渗流通道,而微孔隙是主要储集空间,储集层物性总体较差。该区微裂缝类型包括构造缝、溶蚀缝和成岩缝。储集层岩石纹层发育,砂质纹层和泥灰质纹层交互出现,沉积和成岩作用过程中岩石受力不均衡、碳酸盐矿物的溶解以及泥岩收缩是形成微裂缝的主要原因。该区储集层物性受压实作用明显变差,溶蚀和胶结作用同时存在,对储集层物性影响较大。储集层岩石毛管压力曲线由近似垂直的斜线段和近似水平的曲线段两部分组成,中间存在较为明显的拐折点。斜线段反映了微裂缝特征,近似水平曲线反映了微孔隙特征。利用毛管压力曲线求取的排驱压力和平均孔喉半径无法真实地表述此类微裂缝储集层的孔隙结构特征,提出了有效孔喉半径概念,可以合理表述该区微裂缝储集层孔隙结构特征。     

Harmonic Analyses of Hydrodynamic Characteristics for Gap Resonance Between Fixed Box and Vertical Wall

China Ocean Engineering - Two marine structures arranged side by side with a narrow gap may suffer from violent free-surface resonance, which would cause green water on deck, dramatically raise...