三丁基锡对褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)体内苯并(α)芘代谢的影响

在水生毒理学研究中,污染物与污染物之间的相互作用是一个重要的课题.苯并(α)芘[benzo(α)pyrene,BaP]是一种具有致癌性的多环芳烃(poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,PAH),而三丁基锡(tributyl tin,TBT)则是用于防污涂料的具有很强毒性的有机金属.许多化学物进入生物体内后的转化分为两个阶段.在Ⅰ相反应阶段,亲脂性底物被氧化代谢形成各种中间代谢物,这些中间代谢物具有很高的生物活性,容易对生物体产生毒性.     

金塘岛北部海域地形变化对水动力环境的影响

浙江舟山金塘岛北部围填海工程使其周边海域的地形产生了较大的变化。本文利用数值模拟方法研究了该围填海工程引起的地形变化对金塘岛周边海域的潮流、余流以及泥沙冲淤的影响。研究结果表明：地形变化对沥港水道影响较大,水道北部入口位置向北移,入口处流速明显增大,涨急流速由0.50 m/s增强为0.92 m/s,增强了84%,落急流速由0.30 m/s增强为0.53 m/s,增强了77%,余流流速由0.05 m/s增强为0.12 m/s,增强了140%;沥港水道中部转角处落急流速减弱;围填海工程新生成的岬角处流速变化也较大,2个岬角凹处形成旋转流场,涨急流速由0.46 m/s减弱至0.14 m/s,减弱了70%,落急流速由0.61 m/s减弱至0.17 m/s,减弱了72%,余流流速由0.55 m/s减弱至0.04 m/s,减弱了93%。金塘岛北部海域泥沙淤积分布与余流变化大小分布一致,表明两者密切相关且均受地形变化影响显著。     

Role of the warming trend in global land surface air temperature variations

Global warming and its climatic and environmental effects have mainly been investigated in terms of the absolute warming rate. Little attention has been paid to the contribution of absolute warming rate to variability on various time scales of surface air temperature(SAT), which may be a more direct index for measuring the ecoclimatic effect of warming trend. The present study analyzed the role of secular warming trend in the variations of global land SAT for 1901–2016. Less than one-third of annual SAT variations were contributed by the warming trend over large parts of the globe generally. The ratios were up to two-thirds over eastern South America, parts of South Africa and the regions around the southwestern Mediterranean and Sunda islands where the absolute warming rate was moderate but the endemic species were undergoing exceptional loss of habitat. The ratios also exhibited smallest seasonal difference over these regions. Therefore, the ratio of the warming trend to the SAT variations may be a better measure compared to the absolute warming rate for the local ecoclimate. We should also pay more attention to the regions with high ratio, not only the regions with the high absolute warming rate.     

科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及季节动态

通过对中国农牧交错带科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及其季节动态的研究分析表明:(1)微生物总数、细菌和放线菌数量均表现出与降雨量同步的季节动态,即6月份较5月份有所减少,7月份增至最多,7月份以后微生物数量逐渐下降,真菌则表现出从5月份到8月份一直增加,9月份开始回落;(2)土壤微生物具有明显的垂直分布差异.细菌和放线菌的垂直分布表现出随土壤深度增加逐渐减少的趋势,真菌数量表层最高,20 cm以下变化不够规律;(3)土壤微生物的层化比率均大于2(5月份放线菌除外);(4)不同土壤生态因子对微生物的影响不同,相同因子对不同微生物类群的影响也不相同.细菌受水分影响较大,真菌与地温的变化趋势相近,放线菌与水热条件的共同作用有关.土壤养分(有机碳和全氮)与微生物数量呈显著的正相关.     

基于微观尺度的页岩损伤破裂数值试验

为正确认识下寒武统页岩微观尺度破裂特征及声发射信号演化规律,基于数字图像处理技术对含石英充填的页岩进行非均匀性表征,采用岩石真实破裂分析系统RFPA^2D-DIP建立数值模型,模拟页岩在不同围压作用下的破坏过程。试验结果表明：在微观尺度结构下,页岩破裂模式大致可归纳为3种形式,分别为倒V形（0、2 MPa）、V形（6 MPa）和倒Z形（10 MPa）。由于石英矿物颗粒分布不规律且具有非均匀性,导致应力分布对页岩微观结构产生显著差异。单轴时,累计声发射（简称AE）表现为“平缓-线性-平缓-稳定”模式;围压为2 MPa时,累计AE表现为“平缓-非线性-激增-平缓-稳定”模式;围压为6、10 MPa时,累计AE表现为“平缓-非线性-稳定”模式。页岩的破裂模式和微观结构破坏规律为页岩气的压裂开采提供重要的理论指导。     

河北滦县－滦南县段滦河冲积平原水文地质特征分析

滦县－滦南县段滦河冲积平原铁矿群司家营铁矿区、马城铁矿区、坎上铁矿区、常裕铁矿、高官营铁矿总储量达几十亿吨,均覆盖有巨厚的第四系含水体,水文地质条件复杂,一直未能开采,成为“大水呆滞金属矿”,被视为开发过程中可能对区域水文地质环境造成较大影响的大水矿区,列为限制开采区,至本世纪初才相继解限投产.通过对司家营铁矿北区、司家营铁矿南区、马城铁矿区、坎上铁矿区、常裕铁矿、高官营铁矿等6处矿山的水文地质条件的分析,论述了滦县－滦南县段滦河冲积平原的水文地质特征.     

赞比亚中部泛非期Hook岩基地质特征及成矿潜力分析

泛非期Hook岩基位于赞比亚中部地区,是研究冈瓦纳超大陆拼合期间刚果克拉通与卡拉哈里克拉通碰撞相关构造岩浆作用特征的天然实验室.通过对岩基岩浆岩的岩石学、年代学、地球化学和地质矿产等资料的归纳整理,获得以下认识:岩基花岗岩类是一套偏铝质、钙碱性-碱性系列岩石,具有富Na、K,贫Ca、Mg、Al等元素特征,属于A型花岗岩.岩浆作用发生在(566~519)Ma之间,可进一步划分为早期(566~544)Ma和晚期(544~519)Ma两个阶段,分别对应A2型花岗岩和A1型花岗岩特征,显示造山后向后造山伸展转换的构造环境.岩基原始岩浆为壳幔混合源区,为同源岩浆经过结晶分异作用演化的结果,岩浆在上升过程中可能经历了微弱的地壳物质的混染作用.岩基东部蒙布瓦地区发育铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)成矿系统,特别是晚期正长质岩体出露地区可能是寻找类似找矿靶区的重要找矿标志.     

春季北大西洋涛动与东亚夏季风年际关系的转变及其可能成因分析

本文的相关分析表明,在1948~2009年期间东亚夏季风(EASM)与前期春季(4~5月)北大西洋涛动(NAO)之间存在显著的年际相关关系,但这种关系具有明显的年代际变化特征,即在1970s发生了由正相关到负相关的转变.进一步的合成分析指出,春季NAO与EASM之间年际相关关系的转变,与春季和前期冬季(12~3月)北大西洋海盆尺度的海-气耦合模,即NAO-海温异常(SSTA)三极子耦合模的影响作用密切相关.春季NAO异常对EASM年际变化的影响主要依赖于前者所激发的SSTA三极子模态由春季到夏季的记忆性.然而,该模态不但受到春季NAO的控制,而且还会受到前冬NAO-SSTA三极子耦合模的增强或削弱作用,其中后者的影响作用具有明显的年代际变化特征.在1970s之前,前冬NAO-SSTA三极子耦合模对春季SSTA三极子模态存在明显的非对称作用,即前者主要对后者的正位相异常存在显著的削弱作用;在1970s之后,前者对后者正/负位相异常的影响作用均不明显.因此,在春季NAO对称作用与前冬NAO-SSTA三极子耦合模非对称作用的共同影响下,春季NAO与SSTA三极子模态的年际相关关系存在显著年代际变化,进而引起了春季NAO与EASM的年际相关关系在1970s的转变.     

Identification of Convective and Stratiform Clouds Based on the Improved DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm

A convective and stratiform cloud classification method for weather radar is proposed based on the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. To identify convective and stratiform clouds in different developmental phases, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models are proposed by applying reflectivity factors at 0.5° and at 0.5°, 1.5°, and 2.4° elevation angles, respectively. According to the thresholds of the algorithm, which include echo intensity, the echo top height of 35 dBZ (ET), density threshold, and ε neighborhood, cloud clusters can be marked into four types: deep-convective cloud (DCC), shallow-convective cloud (SCC), hybrid convective-stratiform cloud (HCS), and stratiform cloud (SFC) types. Each cloud cluster type is further identified as a core area and boundary area, which can provide more abundant cloud structure information. The algorithm is verified using the volume scan data observed with new-generation S-band weather radars in Nanjing, Xuzhou, and Qingdao. The results show that cloud clusters can be intuitively identified as core and boundary points, which change in area continuously during the process of convective evolution, by the improved DBSCAN algorithm. Therefore, the occurrence and disappearance of convective weather can be estimated in advance by observing the changes of the classification. Because density thresholds are different and multiple elevations are utilized in the 3D model, the identified echo types and areas are dissimilar between the 2D and 3D models. The 3D model identifies larger convective and stratiform clouds than the 2D model. However, the developing convective clouds of small areas at lower heights cannot be identified with the 3D model because they are covered by thick stratiform clouds. In addition, the 3D model can avoid the influence of the melting layer and better suggest convective clouds in the developmental stage.     

汶川特大地震灾后多源遥感影像处理技术及信息提取方法

5.12汶川特大地震发生后,灾区地面交通瘫痪,遥感技术为准确掌握灾情发挥了宏观快速的优势.灾区震后遥感影像来源丰富,通过分析从不同遥感平台和传感器获取到的灾区震后遥感影像的特点,探讨了多源遥感影像的处理方法,特别是针对非标准航空影像处理提出了解决思路.并归纳了基于多源数据进行震害信息提取,确定滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害体地理位置的几种技术及方法.