云南省麻栗坡地区高棬槽白钨矿床地质特征及矿床勘查类型的确定

高棬槽白钨矿床为成都地质调查中心近期新发现的一大型矿床。笔者在分析、总结该矿床地质特征基础上,重点讨论和确定了该矿床勘查类型主要参数。参照新规范确定高棬槽白钨矿床勘查类型为第一勘查类型,同时根据实际地质情况,提出了该矿床在不同勘查阶段所采用的勘查工程间距。这对高棬槽白钨矿床今后的勘查工作具有重要的指导意义,并对邻区同类型的白钨矿床勘查工作提供了有力的借鉴。     

福建太阳山破碎带蚀变岩型金矿形成的矿相学证据

系统的矿相学研究表明,太阳山金矿矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、含银自然金、闪锌矿、黄铜矿;矿床围岩蚀变种类较多,主要有硅化、绢云母化、钾长石化、石墨化。矿石结构包括自形—半自形粒状结构、假象结构、压碎结构、包含结构、错断结构等,矿石构造包括浸染状、微脉浸染状、脉状、网脉状构造。金主要以包裹金、粒间金、裂隙金、赋存于石英、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿中。矿区内常见的是碎裂岩和糜棱岩化岩石,很少见到糜棱岩,不存在超糜棱岩、构不成糜棱岩系列。本矿床地质特征与典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿山东焦家金矿极为相似。因此,太阳山金矿属于典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。     

冈底斯东段古新世朱拉岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征

朱拉岩体位于冈底斯带东部,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成,其中发育闪长质包体,二者呈渐变过渡关系。3件寄主岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值分别为64.6Ma±0.8Ma、64.3Ma±0.8Ma和63.9Ma±0.5Ma,含776Ma的继承岩浆锆石。1件闪长质包体样品年龄加权平均值为66.1Ma±0.3Ma。闪长质包体低Si,中Mg(Mg﹟平均41.1),属铝质高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值为22,Sr/Y值为3.69,稀土元素分馏较低,LREE/HREE平均值为1.92,Eu强烈亏损,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、U、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti),暗示岩浆成分主要为幔源。寄主岩石富Si、K,贫P,属铝质—偏铝质钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值15.9,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ba、P、Ti),具有活动陆缘钙碱性岩系的微量元素分布特征。寄主岩石与闪长质包体具有密切的成生联系,闪长岩形成于富集俯冲带组分的地幔熔体,在上升过程中混染了一定量的壳源物质结晶分异产物,寄主岩石则为底侵作用产生的大量壳源熔体与少量幔源熔体混合并发生一定程度分离结晶后的产物。结合前人的研究成果,认为古新世朱拉岩体与雅鲁藏布江大洋的向北消减有关。     

Paleo‐fires and Atmospheric Oxygen Levels in the Latest Permian: Evidence from Maceral Compositions of Coals in Eastern Yunnan,Southern China

Inertinite maceral compositions of the Late Permian coals from three sections in the terrestrial and paralic settings of eastern Yunnan are analyzed in order to reveal the paleo-fire events and the atmospheric oxygen levels in the latest Permian. Although the macerals in the studied sections are generally dominated by vitrinite, the inertinite group makes up a considerable proportion. Its content increases upward from the beginning of the Late Permian to the coal seam near the Permian-Triassic boundary. Based on the microscopic features and the prevailing theory that inertinite is largely a by-product of paleo-fires, we suggest that the increasing upward trend of the inertinite abundance in the latest Permian could imply that the Late Permian peatland had suffered from frequent wildfires. Since ignition and burning depend on sufficient oxygen, a model-based calculation suggests that the O2 levels near the Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary and the Permian-Triassic boundary are 27% and 28% respectively. This output adds supports to other discoveries made in the temporal marine and terrestrial sediments, and challenges the theories advocating hypoxia as a mechanism for the Permian-Triassic boundary crisis.     

Identifying the Sources of Solutes in Karst Groundwater in Chongqing,China: a Combined Sulfate and Strontium Isotope Approach

Groundwater from karst subterranean streams is among the world’s most important sources of drinking water supplies, and the hydrochemical characteristics of karst water are impacted by both natural environment and people. Therefore, the study of hydrochemistry and its solutes’ sources is very important to ensure the normal function of life support systems. In this paper, thirty?five representative karst groundwater samples were collected from different aquifers (limestone and dolomite) and various land use types in Chongqing to trace the sources of solutes and relative hydrochemical processes. Hydrogeochemical types of karst groundwater in Chongqing were mainly of the Ca?HCO3 type or Ca (Mg)?HCO3 type. However, some hydrochemical types of karst groundwater were the K+Na+Ca?SO4 type (G25 site) or Ca?HCO3+SO4 type (G26 and G14 site), indicating that the hydrochemistry of these sites might be strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities or unique geological characteristics. The dissolved Sr concentrations of the studied groundwater ranged from 0.57 to 15.06 μmmol/L, and the 87Sr/86Sr varied from 0.70751 to 0.71627. The δ34S?SO42? fell into a range of ?6.8‰?21.5‰, with a mean value of 5.6‰. The variations of both 87Sr/86Sr and Sr values of the groundwater samples indicated that the Sr element was controlled by the weathering of limestone, dolomite and silicate rock. However, the figure of 87Sr/86Sr vs. Sr2+/[K++Na+] showed that the anthropogenic inputs also obviously contributed to the Sr contents. For tracing the detailed anthropogenic effects, we traced the sources of solutes collected karst groundwater samples in Chongqing according to the δ34S value of potential sulfate sources. The variations of both δ34S and 1/SO42? values of the groundwater samples indicated that the atmospheric acid deposition (AAD), dissolution of gypsum (GD), oxidation of sul?de mineral (OS) or anthropogenic inputs (SF: sewage or fertilizer) have contributed to solutes in karst groundwater. The influence of oxidation of sul?de mineral, atmospheric acid deposit and anthropogenic inputs to groundwater in Chongqing karst areas was much widespread.     

内蒙古阿拉善右旗杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩地球化学特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩富碱,贫MgO、TFeO、CaO,轻稀土元素明显富集,具弱负Eu异常,显示I型花岗岩的特点。Nb、Sr 、P、Ti元素亏损,显示出与俯冲有关的侵入岩特征。在R1-R2图解上,大部分样品集中在碰撞前与碰撞后花岗岩区的分界处,以碰撞前为主;在Nb-Y图解上,样品落在火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩区;在Rb-（Y+Nb）图解上,样品点落在火山弧花岗岩区;在Rb-Hf-Ta图解上,样品全部落在弧系统岩石区。主体岩石中锆石Th/U值高,显示出岩浆锆石的特征,稀土元素总量高,重稀土元素富集明显,球粒陨石标准化图解曲线左倾,与岩浆锆石稀土元素配分曲线总体特征趋于一致。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明其年龄为（253.5±7.9）Ma。杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩为碰撞前火山弧花岗岩,研究区在晚二叠世时属于活动大陆边缘的火山弧。     

吐哈盆地巴喀气田八道湾组致密砂岩储层分析及孔隙度演化定量模拟

在吐哈盆地巴喀气田八道湾组砂岩储层特征及控制因素分析的基础上,以地史时间和埋藏深度为变量,以现今孔隙度为约束条件,紧密结合埋藏阶段分析和关键成岩阶段窗口分析,分阶段建立了巴喀气田八道湾组储层从埋藏初始直至现今的孔隙度演化定量模型,动态体现了整个孔隙度演化过程。定量模拟结果表明：研究区储层总孔隙度演化是一个七段式分段函数,各个阶段孔隙度演化或遵循减小模型或遵循减小与增大的叠加模型;机械压实阶段的孔隙度减小模型是以埋深为自变量的函数,压实和胶结综合作用阶段则是以埋深和埋藏时间为变量的函数;孔隙增大模型适用于Ro值范围为0.6～1.0的溶蚀作用窗口内;早期的纯机械压实作用使八道湾组储层已接近致密,溶蚀作用之前的压实和胶结综合作用导致储层致密化,而后期溶蚀作用仅在一定程度上提高了孔隙空间。     

Tectonic Stress Field's Characteristic and Its Relationship of Uranium Mineralization at Dazhou Volcanic Faulted Basin in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province

在构造变形研究的基础上,通过野外露头共轭剪节理的产状测量,采用数学统计方法进行分期配套,并结合前人的研究成果,开展了大洲火山断陷盆地古构造应力场及其与铀成矿关系的研究.总结了主要经历的四期构造应力:前晚侏罗世构造期、磨石山期、衢江期、始新世—渐新世构造期,分别讨论了各个期次对铀成矿的控制作用,指出后三个构造期与铀成矿关系密切,即磨石山期构造应力场为成矿准备了储矿空间,衢江期构造应力场为成矿准备了导矿空间,而始新世—渐新世构造期构造应力场对已形成矿体进行了破坏或改造.     

Elements Geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Xiajiang Group in Jinping County,Guizhou Province, and Its Impact on the Gold Deposits

在黔东南出露的一套新元古界下江群浅变质碎屑岩中产出众多石英脉型金矿床(点),有关该类矿床的成因问题,特别是金的物质来源一直是研究的热点,因此下江群地层岩石的含金性以及元素地球化学特征也倍受关注.本文对贵州锦屏地区新元古界下江群浅变质岩及典型矿床的微量及稀土元素进行了系统测试,通过对比分析发现:下江群剖面的每个组均富集As、Ba、Zr、Ti;亏损Cr、Rb、Sr、Ta、Sc等元素,从番召组到平略组,元素组合演化呈明显相似性和继承性.含凝灰质多的番召组和清水江组地层中金含量较高,并且含金高的层位稀土含量较低,地层中Au与壳源特征的Ag、Hg、As等低温元素关系最为密切,该区金的迁移、富集可能与地层的热液活动或区域变质作用有密切的关系.围岩、地层岩石与矿石的微量元素特征及REE组成模式体现了地球化学演化上的一致性及继承性,表明该区金矿成矿物质可能主要来自于地层,而平秋金矿部分含金石英脉矿石表现出与围岩地层不同的地球化学特征,其更接近下地壳或上地幔,说明可能有部分深部流体参与成矿.     

宁夏中南部铁矿地质特征及成矿规律探讨

宁夏中南部主要包括中卫市和固原市,该区属香山一卫宁北山一固原铜、金、铁、铅锌多金属成矿带,也是宁夏重要的金属矿产矿集区。研究区大地构造位于北祁连褶皱系走廊过渡带东段。铁矿床类型主要有中低温热液充填交代型和地表浅部氧化淋滤型;含矿层位主要为下石炭统前黑山组、臭牛沟组以及上石炭统土坡组,其沉积建造主要为粉砂岩一泥岩建造、石英砂岩建造、碳酸盐岩建造;矿体主要沿断裂分布,呈脉状、透镜状和似层状;具有原生矿石和氧化矿石两种矿石类型。成矿物质主要来源于地层;褶皱和断裂构造为成矿流体提供了有利的运移通道和淀积空间,从而对矿体的空间展布起到了控制作用;岩浆热液和围岩蚀变对成矿物质的聚集以及重新分配、改造起到了重要的作用。