Zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic study of gneissic rocks from the Chinese Altai: Progressive accretionary history in the early to middle Palaeozoic

Gneissic rocks in the Chinese Altai Mountains have been interpreted as either Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks or Precambrian basement. This study reports geochemical and geochronological data for banded paragneisses and associated gneissic granitoids collected along a NE–SW traverse in the northwestern Chinese Altai. Petrological and geochemical data suggest that the protoliths of the banded gneisses were possibly immature sediments with significant volcanic input and that the gneissic granitoids were derived from I-type granites formed in a subduction environment. Three types of morphological features can be recognized in zircons from the banded gneisses and are interpreted to correlate with different sources. Zircons from five samples of banded paragneiss cluster predominantly between 466 and 528 Ma, some give Neoproterozoic ages, and a few yield discordant Paleoproterozoic to Archean ages. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that both juvenile/mantle and crust materials were involved in the generation of the source rocks from which these zircons were derived. In contrast, zircons occur ubiquitously as elongated euhedral prismatic crystals in the four samples of the gneissic granitoids, and define single populations for each sample with mean ages between 380 and 453 Ma. The general absence of Precambrian inheritance and positive zircon ?Hf values for these granitoids suggest insignificant crustal contribution to the generation of the precursor magmas. Our data can be interpreted in terms of a progressive accretionary history in early to middle Palaeozoic times, and the Chinese Altai may possibly represent a magmatic arc built on a continental margin dominated by Neoproterozoic rocks.     

Evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath eastern China: Re–Os isotopic evidence from mantle xenoliths in Paleozoic kimberlites and Mesozoic basalts

The ages of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China and South China cratons are less well-constrained than the overlying crust. We report Re–Os isotope systematics of mantle xenoliths entrained in Paleozoic kimberlites and Mesozoic basalts from eastern China. Peridotite xenoliths from the Fuxian and Mengyin Paleozoic diamondiferous kimberlites in the North China Craton give Archean Re depletion ages of 2.6–3.2 Ga and melt depletion ages of 2.9–3.4 Ga. No obvious differences in Re and Os abundances, Os isotopic ratios and model ages are observed between spinel-facies and garnet-facies peridotites from both kimberlite localities. The Re–Os isotopic data, together with the PGE concentrations, demonstrate that beneath the Archean continental crust of the eastern North China Craton, Archean lithospheric mantle of spinel- to diamond-facies existed without apparent compositional stratification during the Paleozoic. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalt-borne peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths, on the other hand, show geochemical features indicating metasomatic enrichment, along with a large range of the Re–Os isotopic model ages from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic. These features indicate that lithospheric transformation or refertilization through melt-peridotite interaction could be the primary mechanism for compositional changes during the Phanerozoic, rather than delamination or thermal-mechanical erosion, despite the potential of these latter processes to play an important role for the loss of garnet-facies mantle. A fresh garnet lherzolite xenolith from the Yangtze Block has a Re depletion age of ∼1.04 Ga, much younger than overlying Archean crustal rocks but the same Re depletion ages as spinel lherzolite xenoliths from adjacent Mesozoic basalts, indicating Neoproterozoic resetting of the Re–Os system in the South China Craton.     

含硫化物脉状矿床成矿流体的中阶段 δD亏损：实例与原因

很多含硫化物脉状金银矿床的成矿过程可以大致分为3个阶段,从早到晚分别以形成黄铁矿-石英组合、多金属硫化物和碳酸盐网脉为标志.所谓中阶段δD亏损,是指在成矿流体δ18O逐渐降低(或升高)时,中阶段δD同时低于早阶段和晚阶段的δD.列举了一些矿床的氢氧同位素研究结果,例证了这种现象的存在;根据中阶段伴随大量硫化物沉淀的事实,认为硫化物沉淀时流体中H2S或HS-的H 被金属离子置换出来,H 加入到流体系统后导致了流体的中阶段δD亏损.对不同温度H2O-H2S体系1000In ot值的概算显示,在200-650℃温度范围,H2S或HS-的δD低于H2O的δD约211‰～478%‰,H2S或HS-中H 的少量释放即可导致流体水δD的显著降低.因此建议,成矿流体从早到晚δ18O逐渐降低,中阶段δD亏损的规律,可以作为含硫化物脉状矿床氢氧同位素演化的概念性模型.     

针式微萃取结合GC-IRMS测定水溶液中甲酸、乙酸的稳定碳同位素组成

甲酸和乙酸稳定碳同位素组成（δ^13C）的分析对环境、食品、制药和自然产品等的研究具有重要的应用价值。但目前尚缺乏有效的测定方法。本研究利用最近出现的针式固相微萃取技术（NeedlEX）,以吹扫．捕集方式对水溶液中的有机酸进行了萃取,然后利用气相色谱．同位素比值质谱联用仪（GC—IRMS）对所萃取的有机酸分子进行了占δ^13C的测定。结果显示,质谱计的信号强度与水溶液中有机酸的浓度存在显著的线性相关关系（R^2〉0．99,P〈0．05）,表明Needl EX对水溶液中有机酸具有稳定的萃取能力。在甲酸与乙酸含量分别不低于300μg／mL与200μg／mL的水溶液中,1000mL的吹扫体积可以使两者δ^13C多次分析结果的相对误差分别保持在3％和1％左右,且整个实验流程没有造成可检测的碳同位素分馏作用。低于这两个浓度界线,则分析误差随浓度的降低迅速增加。本研究虽然是针对水溶液中有机酸δ^13C的测定,其萃取方法对其他水溶性挥发和半挥发有机物δ^13C的分析也同样具有应用价值。     

储量计算与勘探线剖面计算机辅助成图一体化

引入关系教据库和GIS自动编图技术,改进传统的垂直断面法储量计算过程,可实现矿山储量计算和勘探线剖面计算机辅助成图的同步和一体化.在共用的矿山地矿信息点源数据库平台基础上.通过设置本地数据库,形成GIS操作时的外挂属性库,用来保存储量计算和机助成图过程中的动态数据.储量计算中的每一步骤中,用户以GIS为操作界面来同步实现对空间图元和外挂属性的操作,这其中对工程样段组合、矿体边界圈连和剖面制图综合等开发了大量自动化辅助功能.储量计算的各步完成后,勘探线剖面图和储量报表即同步生成.这种改进的工作方式实现了垂直断面法全过程的计算机辅助化,将提高这一传统方法的应用效率.     

个旧矿区遥感异常信息解译及找矿远景分析

文章以TM多光谱遥感数据为基本信息源,从实际地质情况出发,采用计算机识别和人工判读相结合,对区内的线形、环形构造进行了解译.应用比值 主成分分析的方法对区内热液弱蚀变信息进行了提取.在此基础上,综合利用已知矿床的分布以及遥感构造信息、遥感蚀变晕信息,结合已有的物化探资料,分析出4个找矿远景区.     

桃山铀矿田桃山断裂及其保矿作用

桃山铀矿田位于江西省中部,断裂构造发育,既有成矿构造,也有保矿构造,其中斜贯桃山矿田的桃山断裂即是一保矿构造,它形成于车免近时期,走向北东,倾向南东,右行正断,并具铰链断层性质,上盘地块掀斜下落,致使上盘成矿壳层向NW和NE倾斜,由于倾末端的侵蚀深度较小,保矿条件较好,加强这些地带的铀矿勘查和评价具有重要意义。     

黔东震旦系—下寒武统黑色岩系稀土元素地球化学特征

：通过对黔东丹寨南皋剖面和三都渣拉沟剖面的稀土元素分析发现：两条剖面的梅树村期与筇竹寺期 分界处大量稀土元素明显富集,黑色页岩中存在明显的Ｃｅ负异常和Ｅｕ、Ｙ 正异常,表明为缺氧和热水沉积的产物。 这套黑色岩系总体沉积于缺氧和具热水注入的环境中,但发生缺氧和热水注入的时间和强度在不同地方会有不同 的表现。