Sustainable or Not? Tourism Development in Agricultural Heritage Sites

Tourism is often considered as one of the dynamic conservation and adaptive management approaches in Agricultural Heritage Sites. It has been over 15 years since the GIAHS programme was initiated in China, and tourism developed quickly in the Agricultural Heritage Sites, to some extent because many researchers consider tourism as a significant engine of the local economy. However, this is contrary to the original intention of agricultural heritage tourism as it was proposed in the first place. Apparently, there are some overt problems during the tourism development process, which are mainly as follows: Some threats to Agricultural Heritage Systems are ubiquitous; The tourism development mode in Agricultural Heritage Sites is questionable; Community involvement is difficult to implement; And the negative environmental impacts are easy to overlook. Under the context of global development, the UNWTO sustainable tourism criteria provide some guidance for agricultural heritage tourism. Based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria, combined with previous survey experiences and related researches, this paper analyzes the tourism sustainability of all the 15 GIAHS sites in China, and explores the current sustainable tourism development level. On this basis, an agricultural heritage sustainable tourism development framework was built in an attempt to find the road to sustainability for agricultural heritage tourism. The framework in the global and local contexts is trying to connect all the important elements related to agricultural heritage tourism according to the UNWTO sustainable tourism criteria.     

河套地区新生代湖泊演化与“吉兰泰-河套”古大湖形成机制的初步研究

研究发现,河套地区在距今5～6万年前存在一个统一的"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖,覆盖吉兰泰和河套盆地的大部分地区。本研究试图依据钻孔资料和湖泊沉积物的测年结果,讨论新生代以来河套盆地的湖泊演化和古大湖的形成机制。结果表明,新生代以来,特别是早更新世以来吉兰泰盆地和河套平原的3个坳陷盆地就已经处于湖泊环境,但没有证据显示存在统一的湖泊。湖泊沉积及其OSL测年显示,"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖大约在距今10万年前后开始发育,至距今5～6万年之前湖面达到海拔1080m上下,随后湖泊衰退。我们认为,鄂尔多斯高原东北边缘距今12万年前后开始的快速构造隆升,可能导致了晋陕峡谷黄河外流受阻,最终在河套盆地积水形成统一湖泊,末次冰期中期(深海氧同位素3阶段)相对湿润的气候环境进一步促进了"吉兰泰-河套"古大湖的发育。     

基于土地开发强度的长春市城市空间效率分异研究

以地块容积率和建筑密度为基础数据,从土地开发强度这一微观视角出发,针对长春市建成区圈层式快速发展的现实,运用替代原理和竞租理论分析长春市中心城区1 460个地块的土地开发强度的分布特征,并采用核密度估计法对城市空间扩展过程中的低效地块和“超效”地块进行判断,总结分异特征和原因。研究发现：长春市土地开发强度的分布不符合替代原理,地块容积率的分布总体呈现“高-低-高”的环状分布特征;长春市城市空间结构组织总体上符合竞租理论,公共服务设施对传统竞租函数及其空间结构组织模式具有很大的影响;长春市在城市空间扩展过程中,低效与“超效”并存;商业用地和居住用地是低效地块和“超效”地块的主要用地类型,以商业、居住、娱乐、休闲、办公为一体的城市商业综合体建设或许可在一定程度上缓解该矛盾。     

山东省蓬莱-栖霞金成矿带地壳结构对金成矿的约束

岩浆活动和构造活动是胶东地区金成矿的主要成矿要素,建立岩浆活动和构造活动间的成因联系是成矿机理研究的重要内容。本次贯穿笏山金矿和蓬莱-栖霞断裂带的高精度反射地震剖面测量显示,控矿的陡崖-台前断裂为地壳浅层的铲式断裂,其深部与垂向的蓬莱-栖霞断裂带的主干断裂栖霞-杨础断裂相交。栖霞-杨础断裂切穿地壳,表现出走滑断裂特征,沿断裂存在岩浆活动行迹。蓬莱-栖霞金矿带为以解宋营-紫现头断裂、栖霞-杨础断裂为主干,发育的右旋走滑断裂构造系统。岩浆活动和成矿作用分布于构造系统的局部张性域内。研究表明：胶东地区存在以剪切走滑为主控的构造活动和沿垂直地壳的剪切带与之耦合的岩浆活动。在此基础上,提出了以岩石剪切破裂模式为基础的,右旋走滑断裂控制的岩浆活动和成矿作用相耦合的基于岩石圈剪切破裂的成矿系统模型。     

Paleoclimatic proxies from global closed basins and the possible beginning of Anthropocene

Global closed basins,occupying almost one fifth of the world's land area,spatially coincide with arid and semiarid areas.Paleoclimatic proxies can indicate basin-wide envi-ronmental change and human activity.However,previous studies have not approached the use of proxies in the same way to reconstruct natural and anthropogenic processes at re-gional and global scales.Here we present a regional study to investigate the basic processes of paleoclimatic proxies,from a typical closed-basin system in arid China.We use multiple paleoclimatic proxies of surface samples and sediments,as well as groundwater and sedi-ment ages to study environmental change and human activity.We then establish a dataset for paleoclimatic proxies from global closed basins and do a numerical analysis on it.Regional studies verify that human activity greatly impacts paleoclimatic proxies,especially with regard to surface samples,as well as groundwater age,but Holocene sediments are less affected.Results from global studies indicate that the major changing trend of the wet/dry status of closed basins is associated with the movement of the westerly jet streams controlled by long-term changes in winter insolation.There is an abrupt change between 1800 AD and 1900 AD,according to a numerical synthesis of paleoclimatic proxies from global closed ba-sins,which can be linked to human impact.We suggest this time period can be considered as a start point for the Anthropocene based on the sedimentary evidence of closed basins,globally.     

CLAB模型：一种乘客出租出行需求短时预测的深度学习模型

乘客出行需求预测是智能交通系统的组成部分,准确的出行需求预测,对于车辆调度具有重要的意义;然而现有的预测方法无法准确的挖掘其潜在的时空相关性,且大都忽略历史流入量对出行需求的影响。为了进一步挖掘时空大数据中的时空特性及提升模型预测乘客出行需求的精度,本文提出了一种乘客出租出行需求短时预测CLAB(Conv-LSTM Attention BiLSTM)模型。CLAB模型设置了3个模块分别为基于注意力机制的Conv-LSTM模块和2个BiLSTM模块,基于注意力机制的Conv-LSTM模块提取临近时刻乘客出行需求量中的空间特征和短时时间特征,其中注意力机制能自动分配不同的权重来判别不同时间的需求量序列重要性;为了探索长期时间特征,用2个BiLSTM模块来提取历史流入量序列时间特征和日乘客需求量序列的时间特征。采用厦门岛的网约车和巡游车的订单数据进行实验,结果表明：(1) CLAB模型更适用于使用30 min历史数据预测未来5 min短时乘客出行需求;(2)与基准预测模型相比,CLAB模型的整体的效果误差更低,具有更好的预测效果,CLAB模型比CNN-LSTM、LSTM、BiLSTM、CNN...     

近1800年来云南洱海流域气候变化与人类活动的湖泊沉积记录

对云南洱海湖泊岩芯沉积物进行了多环境指标（年代学、色素、硅藻、有机碳稳定同位素、磁化率、化学元素）的分析,建立了近１８００年来云南洱海流域气候与环境变化的序列,气候演化具有暖干、冷湿交替的组合呈些特征气候阶段如中世纪温暖期、小冰期气候特征在洱海源泊沉积记录中均有反映,洱海湖泊上沉积记录的气候暖干－冷湿交替变化规律,反映了西南委风影响下的气候演化特征,湖泊沉积记录中包含丰富的人类以的信息,磁化率,元     

云南洱海表层沉积物中C25高支链类异戊烯烃(HBIs)的特征及其生物地球化学指示意义

C₂₅高支链类异戊烯烃(C₂₅HBIs)通常被认为是指示硅藻的生物标志化合物,近年来在长江下游湖泊沉积物中被广泛检出。尽管云南湖泊分布广泛,但尚未有C₂₅HBIs检出的相关报道。本研究通过分析洱海不同湖区表层沉积物,首次指出其存在C₂₅HBIs化合物,并通过分析不同C₂₅HBIs化合物的空间分布特征解析其生物地球化学指示意义。结果显示,洱海表层沉积物中存在C_25:1 HBI和C_25.2HBI化合物,但均未检测到同分异构体。洱海沉积物中C₂₅HBIs浓度为11.18μg/g(TOC),显著高于富营养化的太湖,与澄湖相当。C_25:1 HBI浓度表现出南高北低的空间分布特征,而C_25:2HBI浓度则相反,因此C_25.1HBI可能表征了洱海南部湖区的优势硅藻。在C_25.2HBI浓度较低(<0.4μg/g)的沉积物中,C_...     

基于遥感反射率的太湖优势藻识别方法

我国淡水湖库频发水华,不同类群形成的水华特征、危害及其治理方法差异显著,因此,如何区分不同藻种的遥感反射率特征,获取湖泊优势种信息是一个亟待解决的科学问题。研究基于室内藻种培养实验,培养了富营养化湖泊中的典型蓝藻和绿藻藻种,其中,蓝藻包括铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）、假鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaenasp．）和束丝藻（Aphanizomenonsp．）,绿藻包括小球藻（Chlorellasp．）以及四尾栅藻（Scenedesmus quadricauda）;基于实测的遥感反射率,经归一化处理后,分析了不同藻种的遥感反射率特征,构建了DI(difference index)指数以及ADI(algae distinguish index)指数,建立了藻种分类模型,利用验证集数据进行检验,整体识别精度达77.55%,Kappa系数为0.7178。将分类方法应用于太湖野外实测遥感反射率数据集中,结果与实测的生物量数据有较好的匹配;将模型应用于太湖OLCI(ocean and land colour instrument)影像数据,获得了2019年12月和2020...