Gradient Boosting Decision Tree for Lithology Identification with Well Logs: A Case Study of Zhaoxian Gold Deposit,Shandong Peninsula,China

Natural Resources Research - Identifying lithology from well logs is an important step in deep prospecting and resource estimation. Various machine learning algorithms have been adopted to identify...     

Conventional and Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resource Potential Evaluation of Source Rocks and Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Upper Xiaganchaigou Formation,Western Qaidam Basin,Northwest China

The Paleogene upper Xiaganchaigou Formation (E₃²) is the most important source rock and reservoir in the Qaidam Basin. However, there are few studies on the processes of hydrocarbon accumulation in this formation; therefore, its hydrocarbon resource potential has not been estimated reasonably. This paper evaluates the hydrocarbon generation properties in light of an improved hydrocarbon generation and expulsion potential model. According to the geochemical characteristics of source rocks and the petrological features of reservoirs, the potentials of different resource types, including conventional oil, tight oil and shale oil, are quantified by combining the buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth (BHAD) and the lower limit for movable resource abundance. The results show that the source rocks are characterized by a large thickness (more than 1000 m), moderate organic matter content, high marginal maturity and a high conversion rate (50% hydrocarbons have been discharged before R_o?=?1%), which provide sufficient oil sources for reservoir formation. Moreover, the reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin consist mainly of low-porosity and low-permeability tight carbonates (porosity of 4.7% and permeability less than 1 mD). The maximum hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, retention and movable retention intensities at present are 350?×?10⁴ t/km², 250?×?10⁴ t/km², 130?×?10⁴ t/km² and 125?×?10⁴ t/km², respectively. The thresholds of hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and BHAD were 0.46% R_o, 0.67% R_o and 0.7% R_o, respectively. Moreover, the dynamic evolution process of hydrocarbon accumulation was divided into three evolution stages, namely, (a) initial hydrocarbon accumulation, (b) conventional hydrocarbon reservoir and shale oil accumulation and (c) unconventional tight oil accumulation. The conventional oil, tight oil and movable shale oil resource potentials were 10.44?×?10⁸ t, 51.9?×?10⁸ t and 390?×?10⁸ t, respectively. This study demonstrates the good resource prospects of E₃² in the Qaidam Basin. A comprehensive workflow for unconventional petroleum resource potential evaluation is provided, and it has certain reference significance for other petroliferous basins, especially those in the early unconventional hydrocarbon exploration stage.

     

城市企业社区用地更新潜力分析框架与应用

用地更新潜力分析是践行集约利用空间与城市更新、可持续性城市建设的重要基础,对认识城市土地利用、居住空间转型与治理意义重大,包括面积更新潜力与集约利用潜力。从社区土地面积、空间集约利用和两者关联性3个维度出发,采用企业社区兴趣点、兴趣面数据与建筑基底数据,以及景观格局指数、区位熵、重要性—绩效分析等方法,构建城市企业社区用地更新潜力分析框架,探究用地更新潜力特征,以西安市为案例进行验证。结果表明：① 企业社区总更新潜力933.56 hm²,平均面积1.63 hm²。小型企业社区（0.07~1.18 hm²）居多（62.87%）,面积更新潜力较小（19.42%）,相对集聚于内部市区,桃园路、土门、长乐中路等街道。面积大的数量少,分散在外围市区,洪庆、纺织城、鱼化寨等街道;② 绝大多数企业社区（93.01%）在立体空间上有集约利用潜力,整体呈东西两头稍高、内城中间低的略“U”型分异,以及南部向中北部地区近线性增加趋势;③ 集约利用潜力大的企业社区（A型）占20.63%,平均楼层高度3.31层,以土门、桃园路、纺织城、韩森寨等街道为主。集约利用潜力较大的企业社区（B型）占55.94%,平均5.24层,小集聚、大分散,长乐中路、纺织城、电子城、桃园路等街道分布多;④ 面积更新潜力与集约利用潜力大的高—高型企业社区占13.46%（77个）,主要在中心城区外围,纺织城、电子城、枣园、韩森寨等街道;面积更新潜力小集约利用潜力大的低—高型企业社区占30.07%（172个）,土门、纺织城、桃园路、电子城等街道为主;需要重点关注高—高型和低—高型企业社区更新改造与未来发展建设。应用过程与分析框架匹配,结果与现实较吻合,体现方法架构的逻辑性。研究有助于深化内城居住空间演替理论、新城市主义与城市更新理论。     

自然灾害的影响及间接经济损失评估方法

灾害的损失受灾前经济发展水平、灾种差异、灾后恢复重建策略、灾害管理水平和灾害保险体系完善程度等复杂因素的影响,加上基础数据精度、获取难度和校验的不确定性,目前还没有有效的灾害间接经济损失评估方法。而已有间接经济损失评估方法存在不足：首先,评估对灾害间接经济损失的构成、时空维界定模糊;其次,评估模型假设太多往往偏离灾后实际经济状况;最后,模型对灾害扰动的动态影响机制考虑不足,往往忽视灾后经济系统的弹性和部门生产容量的动态变化特征。因此,在进行灾害损失评估时应注意灾害对经济影响的动态机理,结合不同灾害类型对经济影响的特点和当地的经济发展状况,合理设置相关参数,使模型更切合实际,从而更合理有效的评估灾害造成的间接损失。     

北部湾七星岛旅游资源保护与开发初步研究

海岛旅游是现今热门的旅游形式。北部湾海岛资源丰富,海岛旅游业方兴未艾。北部湾七星岛的纬度低,生物多样性丰富,旅游资源丰富多样,岛内生态环境宜人,具备重要的保护与开发价值。文章运用实地考察、问卷调查和文献整理等方法对七星岛旅游资源进行详细调查并分类,探讨七星岛开发定位及发展规划,提出积极传承当地文化、建设红树林基地等保护...     

Model updating for real time dynamic substructures based on UKF algorithm

Combining the advantages of numerical simulation with experimental testing, real-time dynamic substructure (RTDS) testing provides a new experimental method for the investigation of engineered structures. However, not all unmodeled parts can be physically tested, as testing is often limited by the capacity of the test facility. Model updating is a good option to improve the modeling accuracy for numerical substructures in RTDS. In this study, a model updating method is introduced, which has great performance in describing this nonlinearity. In order to determine the optimal parameters in this model, an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)-based algorithm was applied to extract the knowledge contained in the sensors data. All the parameters that need to be identified are listed as the extended state variables, and the identification was achieved via the step-by-step state prediction and state update process. Effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through a group of experimental data, and results showed good agreement. Furthermore, the proposed method was compared with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based method, and better accuracy was easily found. The proposed parameter identification method has great applicability for structural objects with nonlinear behaviors and could be extended to research in other engineering fields.     

山东某新建水库浮游藻类的群落结构特征及其环境驱动因子

基于山东某新建水库中2014年4月-2017年12月的浮游藻类和水质监测结果,研究了藻类群落结构特征,采用非度量多维尺度分析了各年份不同季节藻类群落结构的相似性,利用冗余分析探究了藻类群落结构和环境因子的关系.结果表明：尖针杆藻（Synedra acus）、湖泊伪鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena limnetica）和小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）为此水库的主要优势藻种.水库藻类群落结构的季节演替不稳定,冬、春季多以硅藻和绿藻占优势,不同年份夏、秋季藻类结构差异较大,蓝藻和硅藻在夏、秋季存在一定的竞争优势.该水库于2013年底开始启用,由于水体环境的波动,藻类群落结构有所变化,整体上是由蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻向硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻变化.水库浮游藻类生长主要受到氮盐和高锰酸盐指数影响,但不同年份的主要环境影响因子存在一定差异.     

子女随迁的乡-城流动人口家庭社会融入 ——以浙江金华市区为例

以子女随迁的乡-城流动人口家庭为对象,基于2016年金华市区问卷调研数据,采用主成分分析和多元线性回归分析方法,辅以访谈数据,探讨其社会融入水平及其影响因素。研究发现：此类流动人口家庭的社会融入主要涉及子女教育、经济适应和心理融入3个维度,社会融入度总体处于中等水平,子女教育融入度最高,其次是经济适应,而心理融入度最低,且各维度内部差异较大。子女教育融入度虽高,但也存在难以进入公办学校的困境,缺乏自主选择学校的权利。政策层面虽降低了对流动人口的准入门槛,但在执行中由于资源有限、供需不匹配和宣传不到位等原因,福利制度仍以本地居民为主,流动家庭难以平等享受福利保障,造成严重的本外差异,心理融入度低。个人层面的性别和受教育程度,经济层面的职业和收入,教育层面的学校类型和教育支出等对社会融入均有显著影响。综合来看,与个体流动相比,子女随迁的家庭化迁移对流入地的需求更加多样化和复杂化,能否较好地提升子女受教育水平是其融入城市的首要考量,其次是经济和心理层面因素。     

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Protein Kinase C Gene from Dunaliella salina

Protein kinase C(PKC) has a crucial role in signal transduction for a variety of biologically active substances which activate cellular functions and proliferation. We previously isolated the full-length PKC gene from Dunaliella salina(Ds PKC) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE) and RT-PCR methods. And we submitted the mRNA sequence of Ds PKC gene to NCBI(Genbank No. JN625213). In the present paper, the Ds PKC gene open reading frame obtained by PCR was cloned into pGS-21 a vector and transformed into Escherichia coli to generate the fusion protein. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DsPKC gene was a member of serine/threonine kinase with two conserved domains and highly conserved motifs. The Ds PKC was highly expressed upon induction with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside(IPTG) at a final concentration of 0.2 mmol L~(-1) at 37℃. Under salt stress, the fusion protein Green Fluorescent Protein(GFP)-DsPKC was transferred from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. The expression pattern of Ds PKC gene was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR, and indicated that Ds PKC gene was up-regulated by 3.0 mol L~(-1) NaCl at 12 h, which was significantly higher than in control values(P 0.05). These results suggest that the Ds PKC gene plays an important role in response to salt stress in D. salina.     

Millennial and centennial variations in zircon U‐Pb ages in the quaternary indus submarine canyon

Use of deep‐water sediments in submarine fans to reconstruct changing erosion onshore is based on the premise of relatively simple transport between source and sink. However, debate continues regarding the degree of sediment buffering and recycling in the sediment transport process. In this study, we investigate the origin of sediment in the Indus Submarine Canyon since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~20 ka) using zircon U‐Pb dates. Zircon grains in the submarine canyon are resolvably different from those at the river mouth, at least before 6.6 ka, implying a disconnection between the river mouth and the canyon up to that time. Sand may be stored near the river mouth as sea level rose, while finer‐grained sediment was directly transferred into deeper water. Since 1 ka the upper canyon has shown big and rapid provenance changes, most notably a sharp increase in erosion from Nanga Parbat, whose influence is minor in the modern river. Such rapid changes imply a lack of buffering in the recent past. The modern river contrasts with sediments in the canyon in terms of its zircon U‐Pb age populations and may be influenced by significant anthropogenic impact on the terrestrial drainage basin, especially damming.