湘潭市河西应急地下水源地评价

建立城市应急地下水源地,有利于提高应对水资源危机事件的供水保障能力.本文对湘潭市河西应急地下水源地的水文地质条件进行了详细的研究,认为该水源地由白垩系罗镜滩组(K2lj)灰质砾岩含水层构成,面积较大,厚度稳定,岩溶发育,水量丰富,水质优良,可开采量达78486 m3/d,且稳定可靠.针对2020年规划的湘潭市主城区及九华经开区的146万人口,无论是20 L/人·天还是50 L/人·天标准下的基本饮用水应急需求,均有保障,建议将应急水源地建设纳入城市基础设施建设和水资源开发规划之中,充分保证湘潭市区的供水安全.     

Corporate social responsibility,green credit,and corporate performance: an empirical analysis based on the mining,power, and steel industries of China

Natural Hazards - From the perspective of corporate social responsibility and environmental risk management, green credit will have an important impact on corporate performance. The influence of...     

甘肃临泽县城区深部地热资源调查评价

临泽县位于张掖—民乐盆地西南缘,祁连山褶皱带中北部,具有较好的开发利用地热资源的前景。本文通过分析研究区区域地质构造、水文地质特征等,在已有地热井旁和重点工作区开展广域电磁法测深工作,以区域水文地质为基础,以物探勘查成果为依据,解释推断了研究区地质构造及岩体的分布特征,分析评价了研究区地热勘查前景,同时,初步构建了研究区地热勘查"地质—地球物理—地热"模型,为研究区及邻区的地热勘查提供借鉴和指导。     

关中盆地浅层地热能赋存规律及资源量估算

通过野外地质调查及室内综合研究,分析了关中盆地浅层地热能的开发利用情况、赋存特征和形成模式,并对资源量进行了估算,总结了盆地不同地貌单元、不同岩性的岩土体热物性参数特征,计算了区域恒温带深度和浅层大地热流值.关中盆地地热能的形成模式主要为热传导型和热对流型:热传导型地热资源主要分布于西安凹陷、固市凹陷等完整地质块体内;热对流型地热资源主要分布于深大断裂直接沟通地表的区域以及断裂带周边区域.采用层次分析法对关中盆地浅层地热能进行适宜性分区,认为关中盆地整体属于地埋管地源热泵系统适宜区或较适宜区,地下水地源热泵系统适宜区和较适宜区主要分布在盆地中部漫滩区和阶地区.利用热储法,计算关中盆地浅层地热能热容量为1.38×1016 kJ/℃,浅层地热能储量巨大,开发利用前景优良.     

准噶尔盆地火山岩分类研究与应用

岩石分类一直是人们长期探索的课题。由于油气勘探的需要,针对储层研究的盆地火山岩分类已经成为火成岩研究的重要新方向。在综合分析国内外火山岩分类研究的基础上,根据3条野外剖面和21口钻井岩心岩屑的观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定和化学成分分析等资料,依照结构-成分-成因分类原则,建立了适于储层评价的准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩及其他岩类的岩性分类体系和识别标准。将本区火山岩划分为火山熔岩、火山碎屑熔岩、火山碎屑岩、沉火山碎屑岩等4大类;同时将盆地内与火山岩共生的其他岩类也进行分类和识别,共划分出8大类45种基本类型。与我国东部的中新生代盆地火山岩不同,本区古生代火山岩普遍遭受较长期风化改造和蚀变作用,常见有绿泥石化、碳酸盐化和黏土矿化。这些蚀变会影响到TAS图解岩性判别的结果,因此笔者探讨了蚀变条件下的岩石识别和定名方法。本文分类体系针对火山岩储层研究,结果显示,基于该分类体系岩性与储集空间的类型及其变化规律呈现明显相关性,不同岩性的储集空间类型、组合方式和发育程度存在差异,由此可指导火山岩油气勘探。     

莺歌海盆地东方区高温超压气藏盖层封盖机制

莺歌海盆地是一个典型的高温超压盆地,盖层能否及如何有效封闭该盆地内中深层高温超压气藏是一个值得探讨的重要问题.为此,以该盆地东方区为例,通过气田实际资料及理论分析盖层的宏观地质特征及微观封闭能力.研究表明:该区高温超压气藏盖层的封盖机制包括低构造倾角、厚层泥岩封闭、浅海泥岩盖层中泥质粉砂岩与粉砂质泥岩频繁互层、超压间接封闭、高温超压引起的高突破压力与排替压力比值;其中前3者是决定该区高温超压气藏盖层对天然气封闭能力的主导因素和先决条件,后两者则是中深层浅海相泥质碎屑岩盖层具备优质封盖条件的基础.进而对比剖析了DF-A、DF-B超压气田及DF-C含气构造等典型实例,认为:DF-B气田气体充满度高的原因在于上述五个要素的最优配置;而高构造倾角的岩性气藏储层能量相对较高,对盖层封闭能力的要求高,在其他盖层条件相似甚至更差的情况下,气藏遭到破坏的风险大,这也是DF-C含气构造尚未取得商业性突破的重要原因.     

利用ArcGIS提取CAD中分离式标注水深

海底的地形地貌是海洋地质调查的重要部分.自动提取CAD海图中数字分离式标注水深操作相对复杂,往往需要自编程序处理.本文基于ArcGIS平台,提供了一种自动提取数字分离式标注水深的简便方法,并给出了实例操作.本方法能有效提取CAD海图中数字分离标注式水深,无需自编程序,具有操作简单、提取准确、自动化程度高的特点.提取成果能直接应用于GIS平台进行三维和空间分析,具有重要的应用意义.     

哈萨克斯坦HK-2井中石炭统沉积环境分析

HK-2井位于哈萨克斯坦西部阿特劳州阿特劳市西北约320 km处。该井钻遇的中石炭统岩石类型包括白云岩、石灰岩、硅岩、砂岩和黏土岩,但以硅岩和黏土岩为主,而且成分混杂,交互频繁,富含有机质和深水相的浮游、游泳类微体生物化石。根据岩石中硅质放射虫化石含量高,硅质海绵骨针个体保存完整,有机质含量高,颜色暗,组分细小,泥质、硅质成分为主及生物组合单一等特征,认为该地区中石炭统为深水沉积环境。目前正在勘探的HK-2井所在的乌拉尔区块也已发现深水类型油气藏存在的苗头,建议对该地区深水相油气藏进行调研,同时对该区块和相邻区块能够获得的地震剖面进行追踪分析研究。     

秦岭终南山地质公园地质遗迹保护与旅游资源开发

秦岭终南山地质公园地处西安市南,总面积1074．85km^2。素有“中国人的中央公园”之称的秦岭造山带,是全球典型的复合型大陆造山带之一,是形成统一中国大陆的主要结合带,是中国南北天然的地质、地理、生态、气候、环境乃至人文的分界线。秦岭终南山地质公园地处秦岭造山带的主体部位,是中央造山带的经典地段。依次分布有：翠华山山崩地貌与佛教文化园区、骊山裂谷地垒构造园区、冰晶顶韧性剪切带与构造混合岩化园区、玉山岛弧型花岗岩峰岭地貌园区、南太自板块碰撞缝合带与第四纪冰川园区等五个各具特色主题又互相联系的园区和黑河、沣峪两条科学考察路线。是至今为止距大都市最近的地质公园。     

Episodic crustal growth of North China as revealed by U-Pb age and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from modern rivers

Clastic sedimentary rocks are samples of the exposed continental crust. In order to characterize the crustal growth history of North China and its possible regional variations, 479 concordant detrital zircons in three sand samples from the lower reach of the Yellow River (which drains the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, the Western Qinling Orogen, the Qilian Orogen and the North China Craton) and two sand samples from the Luan River and the Yongding River (which run entirely within the North China Craton) were measured for U-Pb age and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions by excimer laser-ablation ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS. Although regional variations exist, concordant detrital zircons from the Yellow River reveal three major age groups of 2.1-2.5 Ga, 1.6-2.0 Ga, and 150-500 Ma. Detrital zircons from the smaller Luan and Yongding Rivers show three broadly similar major age groups at 2.3-2.6 Ga, 1.6-2.0 Ga, and 140-350 Ma, but with narrower age ranges. Compared to the Luan and Yongding River zircons, the Yellow River zircons are characterized by a significant number of Neoproterozoic grains. Although Hf isotopic compositions show both juvenile crustal growth and crustal reworking for all age groups, much of the crustal growth of North China occurred in the Neoarchean and Mesoproterozoic. All three rivers are characterized by a common prominent group of Hf crust formation model ages at 2.4-2.9 Ga with a peak at 2.7-2.8 Ga. A less significant age group lies between 1.4 and 1.8 Ga for the Yellow River, and between 1.6 and 1.9 Ga for the Yongding River and Luan River. Crustal growth rates based on Hf continental crust formation model ages suggest 45% and 90% of the present crustal volume was formed by 2.5 Ga and 1.0 Ga, respectively, for the drainage area of the Yellow River. In comparison, 60% and 98% of the present crustal volume of the North China Craton was generated by 2.5 Ga and 1.0 Ga, respectively, for the Luan and Yongding Rivers. The 2.7-2.8 Ga age peak observed in all river samples agrees well with the coeval major peak for global crustal growth. However, the other suggested global peaks of crustal growth at 3.4 and 3.8 Ga are insignificant in North China. Taken together with our previous studies of the Yangtze Craton, which show insignificant crustal growth at 2.7-2.8 Ga, we suggest that these advocated worldwide crust formation peaks be re-examined and treated carefully. Our results also show that Phanerozoic zircons may have been derived from crustal sources separated from the mantle up to 2.0 Ga ago before the zircons crystallized, suggesting long-term preservation, reworking and recycling of the continental crust.