湿地生态水文过程及其模拟研究进展

在明确生态水文学相关概念的基础上,概述了湿地生态水文的研究历程和目前的研究热点.总结和分析相关文献发现,湿地关键水文过程在不同时空尺度的变化规律、湿地生态过程和水文过程的耦合作用机制、多尺度湿地生态水文过程的模拟与调控是目前湿地生态水文学的热点研究内容.总体而言,湿地生态水文研究已经由关注单一类型湿地水文过程向研究多类...     

组合预测模型在女性呼气高峰流量参考值地理分布研究中的应用

随着地理学的发展以及人们对健康问题的日益关注,医学地理学得到迅速发展。鉴于目前医学参考值制定时仍存在忽略地理因素的影响,本文收集中国各地3809 例健康成年女性呼气高峰流量参考值,分析地理因素对其的影响,计算不同地区参考值的数值差异,探究地理因素对医学参考值产生影响的机理,其中,纬度、海拔高度、年平均气温、年平均相对湿度、年降水量、表土砂砾百分率、表土参考容量共7项地理因素存在显著的相关性。利用ArcGIS中的Moran's I指数对数据进行分析,确定数据与空间及地理因素存在关系。并通过岭回归分析,建立回归方程,并进行插值。研究结果表明,中国健康成年女性肺部呼气高峰流量与纬度与海拔、气候、土壤等地理因素之间存在着显著的关系,同时证明,岭回归与支持向量机组合模型的地理分布差异预测结果优于单独预测方法。     

Study of the effect of temperature on microbially induced carbonate precipitation

Acta Geotechnica - Temperature is a key factor that contributes to microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation. At low temperatures, low enzyme activity results in a lack of calcium...     

Nonlinear density fluctuation field theory for large scale structure

We develop an effective field theory of density fluctuations for a Newtonian self-gravitating N-body system in quasi-equilibrium and apply it to a homogeneous uni-verse with small density fluctuations. Keeping the density fluctuations up to second or-der, we obtain the nonlinear field equation of 2-pt correlation ξ(r), which contains 3-pt correlation and formal ultra-violet divergences. By the Groth-Peebles hierarchical ansatz and mass renormalization, the equation becomes closed with two new terms beyond the Gaussian approximation, and their coefficients are taken as parameters. The analytic solu-tion is obtained in terms of the hypergeometric functions, which is checked numerically.With one single set of two fixed parameters, the correlation ξ(r) and the corresponding power spectrum P(k) simultaneously match the results from all the major surveys, such as APM, SDSS, 2dfGRS, and REFLEX. The model gives a unifying understanding of several seemingly unrelated features of large scale structure from a field-theoretical per-spective. The theory is worth extending to study the evolution effects in an expanding universe.     

新型保温材料在磁房改造中的应用与研究

利用新型保温材料--聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料,对地磁相对记录室实施喷吐保温改造,在很大程度上降低了磁房温度的日差、年差幅度,改善了观测环境,为观测仪器能在相对较小的温差范围内工作,创造了良好条件.聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料作为一种新型的保温材料,对磁房实施保温是很好的一种选择,在今后的磁房建设或改造中,值得推广应用.     

云南宁洱6.4级地震应急行动及灾害特征

云南宁洱6.4级地震是近年来距离城市较近的一次地震事件,造成了较多的人员伤亡和经济损失。震后,地方各级政府和地震部门都迅速启动地震应急预案,周密安排和部署地震应急处置与救灾行动。本文简要介绍了宁洱6.4级地震的应急行动和灾害情况及特征。     

河南承接制造业转移的时空格局研究

基于2000~2009年中国大中型企业数据库数据,利用产业转移承接指数、地区专业化和多样化指数、改进的偏离份额分析等方法,从时间、空间以及行业-区位等维度对河南承接制造业产业转移的时空格局进行研究。结果表明：① 时间趋势上,河南承接国内外制造业转移规模持续增大,承接行业类型显著增多;轻工业比重高于重工业,资本密集型行业明显增加。② 空间格局上,基本呈现出以中原城市群为中心的核心-外围模式,豫北地区承接制造业转移规模逐渐降低,而黄淮地区显著增强。各地市在制造业总体、轻工业、重工业以及劳动密集型、资本密集型和技术密集型行业的承接上,呈现出增强型、减弱型、补缺型、抵消型等不同的特征;专业化和多样化承接的组合类型城市之间也明显不同,地市间承接制造业转移的行业存在雷同,但多数转移行业受地理临近性的影响不显著。③ 行业-区位组合上,劳动密集的轻工业和资本密集的重工业的集聚效应非常明显,而技术密集型行业对区位优势的指向性很强。     

中国南方冬季异常低温和降水事件

This paper analyzed the anomalous low-temperature events and the anomalous rain-abundant events in January since 1951 and winter since 1880 for southern China.The anomalous events are defined using ±1σ thresholds.Twelve cold Januaries are identified where temperature anomaly below-1σ,and ten wet Januaries are identified where precipitation anomaly above +1σ.Among these events there are three patterns of cold-wet Januaries,namely 1969,1993 and 2008.The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are used to check the atmospheric circulation changes in association with the anomalous temperature and precipitation events.The results show that the strong Siberian High(SBH),East Asian trough(EAT) and East Asian jet stream(EAJS) are favorable conditions for low-temperature in southern China.While the anomalous southerly flow at 850 hPa,the weak EAT at 500 hPa,the strong Middle East jet stream(MEJS) and the weaker EAJS are found to accompany a wetter southern China.The cold-wet winters in southern China,such as...更多 January of 2008,are mainly related to a stronger SBH,and the circulation in the middle to upper troposphere is precipitation-favorable.In wet winters,the water vapor below 500 hPa is mainly transported by the anomalous southwesterly flow and the anomalous southern flow over the Indo-China Peninsula and the South China Sea area.The correlation coefficients of MEJS,EAMW(East Asian meridional wind) and EU(Eurasian pattern) to southern China precipitation in January are +0.65,-0.59 and-0.48 respectively,and the correlations for high-pass filtered data are +0.63,-0.55 and-0.44 respectively,the significant level is all at 99%.MEJS,EAMW and EU together can explain 49.4% variance in January precipitation.Explained variance for January and winter temperature by SBH,EU,WP(west Pacific pattern) and AO(Arctic Oscillation) are 47.2% and 51.5%,respectively.There is more precipitation in southern China during El Nio winters,and less precipitation during La Nia winters.And there is no clear evidence that the occurrence of anomalous temperature events in winter over southern China is closely linked to ENSO events.     

气象卫星与城市气象环境模拟研究

利用徐敏等人建立的具有广泛用途的区域边界层模式 (NJU RBLM) ,对北京城市区域的气象环境特征做了比较细致的模拟研究 ;然后 ,再利用NOAA AVHRR气象卫星遥感资料 ,采用修正的Ulivieri分裂窗方法反演得到北京城市区域地表温度场 ,将其结果与同样区域范围的数值模拟结果进行对比分析 ,以此进一步检验数值模式的模拟效果和卫星观测资料处理方案的可行性。分析表明 :采用NJU RBLM模拟得到的地面热力场分布及其变化总体趋势与晴空条件下的卫星反演结果基本一致 ,卫星反演的地表热力场分布和强度要较模式模拟的结果更为细致 ;两者都能较好地反映夜间的城市热岛效应和春夏秋季白天的弱冷岛现象 ,夜间的城市高温区以及由山区向城市平原地区风速渐小的辐合过渡带高温区都比较明显 ,午后城市地区温度略低于周边东南地区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部宜参1井烃源岩评价及气源分析

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部宜参1井获得天然气重大突破,但对其各层系烃源岩生烃潜力并未开展研究。通过采集山西组和马家沟组烃源岩样品开展相关研究,结果表明: 山西组4个泥岩样品的残余总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量分布范围为0.54%~2.31%,均值为1.65%,总烃[(S₁+S₂)]含量分布范围为0.12~0.46 mg/g,均值为0.34 mg/g,泥岩烃源岩有机质丰度较高,生烃潜力较强; 马家沟组泥岩残余TOC含量分布范围为0.09%~0.33%,均值为0.17%,(S₁+S₂)含量分布范围为0.03~0.17 mg/g,均值为0.12 mg/g,评价为非—差烃源岩。对比宜参1井天然气中甲烷(CH₄)和乙烷(C₂H₆)碳同位素含量,δ¹³C₁>δ¹³C₂倒转的天然气主要为煤成热解气,混入了少量δ¹³C₂轻的油型气,其中煤成气主要来自于上古生界煤系地层,混入的少量油型气可能主要来自于上古生界太原组优质海相烃源岩。查明奥陶系马家沟组的生烃潜力及油气来源不仅可以认识奥陶系产层的油气生成和组成特征,同时对气田的形成模式、资源前景及勘探部署也具有重要意义。