孔隙结构对低渗-特低渗砂岩储层渗流特征的影响段储层为例——以鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界盒8段储层为例

通过铸体薄片显微镜下观察、孔喉图像、毛细管压力、恒速压汞、气水相对渗透率、核磁共振等多种分析实验手段,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界盒8段低孔、低渗-特低渗砂岩储层的微观孔隙结构和渗流特征,探讨了孔隙结构对储层渗流特征的影响。结果表明,孔隙结构特征是影响低孔、低渗-特低渗砂岩储集性能与渗流特征的主要因素。而砂岩的孔隙结构特征主要受砂岩原生矿物组合与成岩演化过程及其产物的控制,盒8段各砂岩类型由于其矿物成分不同导致孔隙结构的差异,也是各砂岩类型储集性能与渗流能力存在差别的直接原因。在孔隙结构参数中,喉道的大小、有效孔隙与喉道的体积及其连通性是决定储层储集与渗流能力的关键。大孔喉对储层渗流能力的贡献更大,中-小孔喉则对储集能力的贡献相对较高。微裂缝是除孔隙结构以外影响砂岩储集性能与渗流特征的重要因素。     

鲁西南高氟区生活饮用水供水模式研究

为有效解决鲁西南高氟区生活饮用水供水安全问题,在水文地质环境地质调查的基础上,通过水质分析、岩土样分析、综合评价研究,查明高氟水的分布规律、圈定生活饮用水找水靶区。结合供水水源空间分布特征、供水现状及供水方式,因地制宜,提出了3种供水模式:以浅层孔隙水或岩溶裂隙水为水源的集中供水模式;以深层孔隙水为饮用水源集中供水并且以浅层孔隙水为生活用水水源的分散供水模式,以及以地表水为主要水源的集中供水模式。供水模式的划分可为鲁西南高氟改水工作及供水安全问题提供技术支持与保障。     

火山碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素 ——-以塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组-南屯组为例

以塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组-南屯组火山碎屑岩为例,结合岩石学观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析等技术手段,研究火山碎屑岩储层特征及其影响因素。综合研究认为: 火山碎屑岩岩石类型主要包括凝灰岩( 熔结凝灰岩) 、沉凝灰岩和凝灰质砂( 砾) 岩; 发育有原生孔隙、原生裂缝、次生孔隙、次生裂缝等4 类10 种储集空间,且以次生溶孔为主; 属于中低孔--特低渗型储层,横向上靠近洼陷边缘、接近构造高部位的孔隙度和渗透率较高,纵向上在1 900 ～ 2 100 m、2 600 ～ 2 900 m 处存在两个明显的异常高孔隙带; 储集性能受岩性岩相、构造运动、成岩作用和有机质热演化等因素影响,其中岩性岩相和成岩作用是影响储层储集性能的主要影响因素。     

东太平洋海隆1.23°N~5.70°S区域洋脊玄武岩特征及岩浆作用探讨

东太平洋海隆洋脊玄武岩具有不同的类型。对1.23°N(EPR(A))、3.10°S(EPR(B))和5.70°S(EPR(C))3区域洋脊玄武岩元素地球化学分析发现,EPR(A)附近样品属于富集型玄武岩,其他2个区样品基本属于亏损型玄武岩。EPR(A)区附近洋脊玄武岩具有斜长石含量高、自形程度好、粒径大、高Al2O3、低TFeO和低MgO等特征;EPR(B)和EPR(C)区玄武岩整体上为亏损型,具有斜长石含量低、粒径小、高TFeO、高MgO等特征。EPR(A)区岩浆来源较浅,且在浅部岩浆房内经历了较为强烈的岩浆混合结晶作用,其混合作用有3个阶段。同时该区产生斜长石斑晶的堆积作用,喷出岩浆具有高黏度、低密度特征。与之相比,其他2个区域岩浆来源可能较深,并且所经历的低压岩浆混合作用期次可能较少。从岩相学及Sr和Eu元素含量特征来看,岩浆演化过程中经历了单斜辉石的高压分离作用,而斜长石在这一过程中很可能没有经历分离作用。     

Future changes of the terrestrial ecosystem based on a dynamic vegetation model driven with RCP8.5 climate projections from 19 GCMs

Future changes of terrestrial ecosystems due to changes in atmospheric CO₂ concentration and climate are subject to a large degree of uncertainty, especially for vegetation in the Tropics. Here, we evaluate the natural vegetation response to projected future changes using an improved version of a dynamic vegetation model (CLM-CN-DV) driven with climate change projections from 19 global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The simulated equilibrium vegetation distribution under historical climate (1981–2000) has been compared with that under the projected future climate (2081–2100) scenario for Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) to qualitatively assess how natural potential vegetation might change in the future. With one outlier excluded, the ensemble average of vegetation changes corresponding to climates of 18 GCMs shows a poleward shift of forests in northern Eurasia and North America, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. It also shows a general “upgrade” of vegetation type in the Tropics and most of the temperate zones, in the form of deciduous trees and shrubs taking over C3 grass in Europe and broadleaf deciduous trees taking over C4 grasses in Central Africa and the Amazon. LAI and NPP are projected to increase in the high latitudes, southeastern Asia, southeastern North America, and Central Africa. This results from CO₂ fertilization, enhanced water use efficiency, and in the extra-tropics warming. However, both LAI and NPP are projected to decrease in the Amazon due to drought. The competing impacts of climate change and CO₂ fertilization lead to large uncertainties in the projection of future vegetation changes in the Tropics.     

ANALYSIS OF CAUSATION OF ASYMMETRIC PRECIPITATION ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE TYPHOON DAMREY

Severe typhoon Damrey moved across Hainan Island from 00:00 UTC 25 September to 00:00 UTC 27 September in 2005 and gave rise to a significant rain process during its 48-h passage. The precipitation intensity on the southern part of the island is stronger than that on the northern, showing obvious asymmetric distribution. Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data, the associated mesoscale characteristics of the precipitation were analyzed and the formation of asymmetric rainfall distribution was investigated in the context of a subsynoptic scale disturbance, vertical wind shear and orographic factors. The results are shown as follows. (1) The subsynoptic scale system provided favorable dynamic conditions to the genesis of mesoscale rain clusters and rainbands. (2) The southern Hainan Island was located to the left of the leeward direction of downshear all the time, being favorable to the development of convection and leading to the asymmetric rainfall distribution. (3) Mountain terrain in the southern Hainan Island stimulated the genesis, combination and development of convective cells, promoting the formation of mesoscale precipitation systems and ultimately resulting in rainfall increase in the southern island.     

L波段探空判别云区方法的研究

利用2008年1月到2009年12月的L波段探空资料,和与之时空匹配的Cloudsat云观测资料,首先分析了云内和云外相对湿度的累积频率分布,发现以75%作为相对湿度阈值判断云准确率可达81%。随后利用BS（Bias Score）和TS（Threat Score）评分方法,对不同相对湿度阈值进行评分分析,发现以81%作为相对湿度阈值TS评分可达0.66,为最高。接着利用BS和TS评分方法分不同高度对相对湿度阈值进行评分分析,发现随高度的增加该高度上具有最好TS评分的相对湿度阈值在减小。利用这些阈值对云判断时,总的TS评分高于0.6,且其准确率达到84%以上,比利用单一相对湿度阈值判断云准确率要高。最后对这些阈值进行优化,得到一套适合于我国L波段探空秒数据的云垂直结构的判别方法。     

2011年9月中国华西致灾暴雨环流特征及地形强迫效应分析

采用陕西及周边地区7213个雨量站资料,分析了2011年9月1-18日期间华西地区降水量分布特征,结果表明：该时段累计降水量是历史同期水平的2-3倍,持续时间长,致灾严重。降水主要分为4-6日、11日和16-18日3次大的过程。利用NCEP 1°×1°的资料分析3次过程的水汽和环流特征,表明暴雨区低层的主要水汽输送,除了偏南气流从川东一带向北输送外,还有偏东气流从华北平原南部一带向西输送。与3次降水过程对应,华西地区500 hPa有3次西风槽过境,700 hPa偏南风和850 hPa偏北风分别出现3个明显的控制时段;700 hPa偏南气流先期输送大量暖湿空气到华西地区,形成不稳定层结,当遇到偏北风输送的干冷空气楔入其下将其抬升时,叠加槽前的动力抬升作用和地形造成的风场辐合抬升,使得对流活动增强,不稳定能量释放,暴雨发生。稳定的环流形势（乌拉尔山阻高）导致特定地形下形成持续的不稳定层结以及动力抬升条件被不断重复满足,从而不断引发上升运动释放不稳定能量,这是2011年华西秋雨稳定持续的根本原因。     

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats were investigated. A II degree scald model was established in rats, which was subsequently treated with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan solution, respectively. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan was detected by assaying enzyme-linked immunosorbent. Healing condition was observed and pathological sections were made to determine the healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan. Results showed that the concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan peaked at the third hour post-wound in all groups, while the concentration of hydroxyproline peaked at the seventh day post-wound in both chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan of carboxymethyl chitosan group was significantly lower than that of control (P < 0.05), while that of chitosan group was similar to that of control (P > 0.05). These findings indicated that carboxymethyl chitosan reduced the concentration of algogenic substances, resulting in analgesia. During the whole recovery process, the hydroxyproline concentration in chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group on day 3 and 7 was significantly higher than that of control (P < 0.01); however the significance of such a highness decreased on day 14 (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan accelerated tissue repair. Meanwhile, chitosan performed better in healing than carboxymethyl chitosan in both decrustation and healing time. In conclusion, carboxymethyl chitosan showed significant analgesis and wound-healing promotion effect, but chitosan only showed wound-healing promotion effect.     

车载全景影像核线匹配和空间前方交会

全景相机车载移动系统可以获取带有精确位置和姿态信息的序列全景影像,针对该影像数据,提出一种构建全景核线影像的方法,描述了在球面全景模型下构建全景影像之间核线几何约束的过程,并推导出具体的公式,然后在两张全景核线影像之间使用SIFT算法匹配同名点,最后根据摄影中心、像点、物点3点共线的原理,推导出全景影像的共线公式,利用前方交会的原理计算出物点的空间3维坐标。实验结果表明,本文方法可以降低全景影像匹配的难度,提高匹配点数量和精度,适用于实现基于全景影像的量测等功能。