Some investigation results in the sea region off the Wilkes Land, Antarctica

During February and March in 1985, the research project of seven hydrographic sections in the sea region off the Wilkes Land (147°-162°E) Antarctica was finished. Hydrographic, chemical and biological data were obtained. According to preliminary analysis, some conclusions were made as follows:     

贵州毕节地区煤层中稀土元素在含煤地层划分与对比中应用探讨

稀土元素是良好的地质指示剂,以晚二叠世黔西毕节地区可采煤层中的REE（稀土元素）为研究对象,探讨REE在煤系地层对比、划分中的应用问题。结果显示:LREE（轻稀土元素）的含量在龙潭组与长兴组的界线附近存在着异常富集的现象,∑REE的含量在界线附近也存在着异常富集的现象。REE在界限附近的异常富集是其物源（间歇性和多旋回性喷发的峨眉山玄武岩）和成煤期频繁的海进海退共同作用的结果。因此,在具有相同物源的地区,可以利用稀土含量的变化,进行煤层和地层的对比、划分,并有可能研究海平面的变化。     

基于土地利用/覆被变化表征的现代绿洲演变过程——以天山北坡三工河流域为例

本文以天山北坡三工河流域为例,利用1958年、1968年和1978年3期航片、1987年彩红外航片、1998年Landsat TM、2004年SPOT 5和2014年Landsat OLI影像,构建绿洲及其外围荒漠7期土地利用/土地覆被数据集,综合分析1950s屯垦戍边以来现代绿洲演变和外围荒漠植物群落变化。结果表明：①1950年以来,屯垦戍边使位于三工河冲洪积扇中下部的老绿洲不断向冲积平原扩张,老绿洲外围以柽柳和梭梭为建群种的土质荒漠景观不断转变为新绿洲,绿洲面积增加了4倍多。其中1958-1968年和2000s以来是绿洲变化最为显著的两个阶段,这两个阶段分别对应了农业用地和建设用地增幅最大的时期。② 三工河流域的现代绿洲演变过程中存在“地方管辖区”和“兵团农场区”两种基本管理模式,也正是这两种模式相互渗透、相互交叉融合,共同推动了现代绿洲演变。③三工河流域1950s-2004年现代绿洲演变具有干旱区绿洲演变的普遍特征,但2004年以后的演变仅适用于有较大规模跨流域调水或新增水源的绿洲演变情形。现代绿洲的扩张以荒漠植被的砍伐和破坏为代价,导致绿洲外围植物群落结构发生了显著的变化,这使得绿洲外围荒漠生态系统的保护愈加困难     

Comparative Analysis of Risk Assessment of Landslides and Debris Flows of China in 2000 and 2010

Landslides and debris flows occurr in China frequently and cause disastrous losses of life and property. The risk assessment of landslides and debris flows and their spatial variations were comparatively analyzed in this paper, which has great significance for disaster prevention. This article selected 1 km×1 km grid as the assessment unit and with support of GIS technique, analyzed landslide and debris-flow risk distribution and their spatial variations from 2000 to 2010. The research results indicated that the spatial distribution of risk classes in 2000 and 2010 was obviously discrepant. Overall, taking the Heihe-Tengchong population density line as the boundary, the west of the line is mainly low risk area; the east of the line is mainly high risk area. Compared with the risk of 2000, the risk values of 2010 increased, with the high risk area and low risk area enlarged, moderate risk area reduced. The moderate risk area is the most unstable and sensitive risk area, and its risk class variation is significant. However, China is not a region with the high risk of landslide and debris-flow hazard at present. In the following next 10 years, the risk of landslides and debris flows in China will continue to increase.     

油藏中CO_2矿物捕获能力研究

利用TOUGHREACT软件,根据示范工程实验区大情字井的地层条件,针对含油及非含油储层哪一条件更适宜CO_2地质储存,设置了盐水组与含油组两组方案进行对比模拟。结果显示,含油组地层水中主要离子浓度及总矿化度低于盐水组,主要固碳矿物片钠铝石的生成量和CO_2的封存量明显小于盐水组。残余油的存在降低了矿物与水溶液进行离子交换的比表面积和储层的含水饱和度,并且占据矿物沉淀空间。尽管水岩作用受限,但油藏仍然可完成CO_2地质封存,且诸多优点表明油藏仍是CO_2地质封存的有利场所。     

青海尕林格铁矿床电气石矿物学、元素地球化学及成因研究

尕林格矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床位于青海东昆仑祁漫塔格造山带与柴达木盆地结合带中部。电气石作为矿区内普遍出现的矿物,部分呈半自形-自形粒状出现在正接触带矽卡岩化蚀变火山岩中(Tour-Ⅰ),也有呈他形粒状形式出现在外接触带变质砂岩中(Tour-Ⅱ)。因其生长化学行为与寄主岩石和流体的化学属性强烈相关,所以电气石的主、微量元素成分为研究热液体系背景下的流体演化及成矿物质来源提供了渠道。尕林格电气石的化学成分包括富Na-Mg的镁电气石和富Ca-Mg的钙镁电气石。Tour-Ⅰ中的环带电气石存在早期核部(Gen-1)被晚期边部(Gen-2)交代的不连续反应边特征。Gen-1为钙镁电气石,而Gen-2为镁电气石。由于镁铁质火山岩的缓冲作用,Gen-1更多地显示出原地寄主岩石的化学成分。随着流体的持续补充,Gen-2则更多地与流体成分保持平衡,显示出较窄的变化范围,与成矿密切相关。Gen-1比Gen-2更加富Fe,意味着流体中Fe浓度降低;而Na含量逐渐上升则暗示流体p H值的升高。尕林格绝大部分矽卡岩电气石都是在早期成核阶段结晶生长的,因为电气石在酸性和中酸性溶液中更加稳定。除此之外,部分Tour-I中还存在沿早期电气石颗粒边缘生长的增生边结构(Gen-3)。Gen-3比Gen-1更加富Ca,推测Gen-3是在相对封闭环境下颗粒间隙溶液作用下的产物。Tour-Ⅱ则既包括钙镁电气石,又含有镁电气石。在Tour-Ⅰ中,Fe和Mg的含量变化范围较大,这与实际观测的Tour-Ⅰ围岩为镁铁质中-基性火山岩密不可分。Tour-Ⅱ比Tour-Ⅰ更加富集B、Ti、Sc、V、Cr、Ga、LREE等元素,这与B的溶解度随流体p H值的升高而升高有关。随着岩浆演化流体p H值的升高,B在相对碱性溶液中大量富集,而大部分微量元素和LREE易与挥发分结合成络合物的形式迁移,因此,B含量高的溶液中部分微量元素和稀土元素含量也会升高。     

Geochemistry and biogeochemistry of rare earth elements in a surface environment (soil and plant) in South China

Plants and soils derived from different kinds of parent materials in South China were collected for analyses of rare earth elements (REEs) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution patterns and transportation characteristics of REEs in the soil–plant system were studied. The results show that geochemical characteristics of REEs depend on the types of soils, soils derived from granite being the highest in REE concentration. In a soil profile, REE concentrations are higher in B and C horizons than those in A horizon, with Eu negative anomaly and Ce positive anomaly. Plants of different genera growing in the same sampling site have quite similar REE distribution pattern, but plants of the same genera growing in different soils show considerable variation in characteristics of REEs. The patterns of the different parts of plant resemble each other, but the slope of the patterns becomes different. REEs have fractionated when they were transported and migrated from soil to plant root, stem and leaf, revealing that heavy REEs are relatively less available. REEs distributions in plants are influenced by the soil they grow in and also characterized by their individual biogeochemical characteristics. Biological absorption coefficients indicate difference of REE absorption capacity of plants. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

浅析像素工厂(PF)生产DOM的平面精度

像素工厂是一套全新的影像处理系统,本文介绍通过像素工厂和全数字摄影测量工作站生产同一地区DOM,并对两套系统生产的产品进行精度检测,得出精度报告。     

近10年中国地区地形对降水影响研究进展

地形是影响降水的重要因子,其复杂性为研究降水的分布、强度等增加了难度,全面透彻地理解地形对降水的影响机制,有助于预警预报水平的提高。因此,地形对降水的影响研究受到广大气象学者的关注。本文通过回顾近10年来中国地区有关地形对降水的影响研究进展,简要概述了地形动、热力效应与云微物理过程对降水的影响机制,以数值模拟研究为主线,系统分析了中国各个地区关于地形作用的研究成果,重点讨论地形对局地中小尺度降水、锋面降水以及台风降水方面的影响,最后总结了目前的研究现状并提出一些需要深入研究的问题。     

基于多架构混搭模式的极地海洋数据库建模技术研究

通过对极地海洋数据的特征及应用需求分析,基于"一种架构支持多类应用"的传统数据库模式已无法满足需求,本文提出采用"多种架构支持多类应用"模式的数据库设计理念,通过研究极地海洋数据分类分层管理体系,开展极地海洋原始数据层、基础数据层、综合数据层、成果数据层的存储管理机制、数据库体系架构设计、数据库模型设计等关键技术研究,开发数据库查询检索功能,满足用户对极地海洋数据的多样化查询检索、空间可视化展示、关联分析等需求,实现极地海洋数据的有效存储、高效应用和开放共享。