Classification of yearly extreme precipitation events and associated flood risk in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley

Fifty cases of regional yearly extreme precipitation events(RYEPEs)were identified over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley(YHRV)during 1979–2016 applying the statistical percentile method.There were five types of RYEPEs,namely Yangtze Meiyu(YM-RYEPE),Huaihe Meiyu(HM-RYEPE),southwest-northeast-oriented Meiyu(SWNE-RYEPE)and typhoon I and II(TC-RYEPE)types of RYEPEs.Potential vorticity diagnosis showed that propagation trajectories of the RYEPEs along the Western Pacific Subtropical High and its steering flow were concentrated over the southern YHRV.As a result,the strongest and most frequently RYEPEs events,about 16–21 cases with average rainfall above 100 mm,occurred in the southern YHRV,particularly in the Nanjing metropolitan area.There have been 14 cases of flood-inducing RYEPEs since 1979,with the submerged area exceeding 120 km~2as simulated by the Flood Area hydraulic model,comprising six HM-RYEPEs,five YM-RYEPEs,two TC-RYEPEs,and one SWNE-RYEPE.The combination of evolving RYEPEs and rapid expansion of urban agglomeration is most likely to change the flood risk distribution over the Nanjing metropolitan area in the future.In the RCP6.0(RCP8.5)scenario,the built-up area increases at a rate of about 10.41 km~2(10 yr)~(-1)(24.67 km~2(10 yr)~(-1))from 2010 to 2100,and the area of high flood risk correspondingly increases from 3.86 km~2(3.86 km~2)to 9.00 km~2(13.51 km~2).Areas of high flood risk are mainly located at Chishan Lake in Jurong,Lukou International Airport in Nanjing,Dongshan in Jiangning District,Lishui District and other low-lying areas.The accurate simulation of flood scenarios can help reduce losses due to torrential flooding and improve early warnings,evacuation planning and risk analysis.More attention should be paid to the projected high flood risk because of the concentrated population,industrial zones and social wealth throughout the Nanjing metropolitan area.     

Free polyamine content during algal bloom succession in the East China Sea in spring 2010

We measured the concentrations and distribution of major polyamines(spermine, putrescine and spermidine) in seawater during successive spring algal blooms in an area of frequent harmful blooms in the East China Sea. Spermine, putrescine, and spermidine concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and ranged from 1–64, 7–81, and 0–19 nmol/L. Spermine was present at the highest concentrations, followed by putrescine and spermidine. In late April, when a diatom bloom dominated by Skeletonema costatum dispersed, polyamine concentrations increased, presumably as a result of diatom decomposition. In early May, when a dinoflagellate bloom dominated by Prorocentrum donghaiense occurred, the polyamine concentration decreased from the level seen in late April. The abundant polyamines that decomposed and were released during the diatom bloom in late April may have promoted the growth of P. donghaiense, resulting in its dominance.     

基于6S模型的环境星CCD数据大气校正

应用6S辐射传输模型建立查找表,对环境与减灾小卫星CCD数据进行大气校正。结果表明:校正后的图像更加清晰,对比度增强;与实测光谱对比,处理后的环境星数据可以更真实地反映地物反射特征,消除了NDVI信号在大气传输过程中的衰减效应,更好地复原了地表植被覆盖的真实状况。通过讨论,提出对于HJ-1-A的CCD数据,可以考虑通过同星搭载的高光谱传感器进行气溶胶光学厚度反演;对于HJ-1-B的CCD数据,可以采用对比方法反演气溶胶光学厚度,进而作为模型的输入来提高大气校正精度,以及考虑地表二向性反射现象来提高大气校正精度。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马六段白云岩特征及形成机制研究

鄂尔多斯盆地马六段在盆地大部分地区被剥蚀,仅在盆地周缘地区分布,因此,有关该盆地马六段白云岩成因研究较少。本文通过对马六段白云岩岩石学特征、阴极发光特征、微量元素特征以及碳氧同位素地球化学特征进行分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部马六段白云岩特征及形成机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,盆地南部马六段白云岩主要由细—中晶白云岩组成,白云石具"雾心亮边"结构,阴极发光呈暗红色光。微量元素总体上具有较低的Fe、Mn值,平均值分别为447×10~(-6)和62×10~(-6),较高的K、Na值,平均值分别为517×10-6和252×10~(-6),以及中等含量的Sr元素值,平均值为155×10~(-6)。δ~(13)C值平均为-0.617‰,δ~(18)O值平均为-7.6‰,以上特征均反映出海源流体特征。白云石的"雾心"和"亮边"结构中微量元素含量相差不大,认为是在相同成岩环境的不同成岩阶段形成,其中"雾心"形成于浅埋藏环境的渗透回流白云石化作用,而"亮边"是在深埋藏环境下对早期白云石的调整和加强。     

郯庐断裂带南段继承性断裂构造控矿模式研究及其应用效果——以皖东北五河金矿整装勘查为例

郯庐断裂带南段的皖东北地区地质构造复杂,多为厚覆盖区,找矿难度大。由于控矿条件难以调查清楚,缺乏具有区域特色的勘查理论指导,区内金矿勘查长期没有取得突破成果。笔者依托五河金矿整装勘查项目,进行了区域重磁异常特征和成矿规律分析研究,发现皖东北地区北东- 北北东向重力低异常具有弧形条带特征,并以郯庐断裂带为界,大致具有旋转对称性。重磁异常保存印支期构造格架痕迹信息,反映了郯庐断裂带南段时空演化特征,显示了北东- 北北东向主要断裂构造具有继承性,形成于印支期,燕山期继续活动,控制白垩纪“红层盆地”和燕山期成岩成矿作用。中低温热液型金多金属矿床和矽卡岩型铜金矿床是皖东北地区主要矿床类型,均受继承性断裂构造控制。结合郯庐断裂的演化特征,利用物探成果引领地质理论创新,提出了郯庐断裂带南段矿床的“继承性断裂构造控矿模式”。根据继承性断裂构造形成机理分析其空间分布规律,总结了矿化蚀变构造带的物探异常标志,解决了皖东北覆盖区成矿预测与找矿靶区圈定难题,在五河金矿整装勘查区应用取得了重要找矿成果,圈定6个金矿找矿靶区,得到了钻探验证,已发现中型规模金矿床2处、小型3处,估算潜在资源量可达特大型规模,实现了安徽省境内郯庐断裂带金矿找矿的重大突破。     

新疆塔里木盆地温宿凸起新温地1井、2井获高产工业油流

正1研究目的(Objective)温宿凸起位于新疆塔里木盆地西北部,面积约4500 km~2。石油企业先后在该地区部署实施二维地震测线约3200 km,探井4口(阿1井、温参1井、温宿1井、阿苏2井),油气勘探历经50余年未取得突破,并退出油气勘查权。重新评价认识该地区的石油地质条件并获得油气突破是本次工作的主要目的(图1)。     

Weakening laws of slip zone soils during wetting–drying cycles based on fractal theory: a case study in the Three Gorges Reservoir (China)

Acta Geotechnica - Slip zone soils play a crucial role in the evolution of landslides. In this paper, slip zone soils of the Huangtupo Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which is an...     

"3S"技术在农村地块采集中的应用

在搭建北京市郊区自然资源与社会资源整合平台工作中,应用了基于"3S"技术的农村土地承包地块采集技术路线,获得了北京市郊区的最新遥感数据和地块边界数据,取得了快速、经济、精准的成效,实现了自然资源与社会资源的有效结合,提供了可视化的全新管理模式。     

“十三五”国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项科技布局及评述

本文旨在介绍和评估国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项在渔业领域科技创新方面的实施情况,并展望我国渔业发展的未来趋势。通过对重点专项的任务布局、项目经费概况、项目分布情况、承担与参与单位(人员)情况进行详细梳理和分析,概括和评述专项实施特点和项目成效。分析显示,该专项具有系统性布局、重点领域突破、产业链协同创新、产业环节差异性布局等特点。在种质创制、健康养殖、资源养护、友好捕捞、流通加工等五大产业需求上取得了系列重要成果,显著提高了我国渔业科技创新水平。基于“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项的实施成效,我国渔业科技创新在“十四五”期间及以后将更加注重拓展水产养殖新空间,发展生态健康养殖模式和智慧渔业,提高养殖设施和装备水平,提升加工综合水平,加快冷链物流建设,高标准建设现代化海洋牧场等领域。这将有助于进一步优化优质蛋白食品产业结构,合理开发和综合利用淡水和海洋资源,推动我国渔业持续健康发展。     

吉尔吉斯斯坦采矿业现状与合作需求分析

吉尔吉斯斯坦坐落于中亚东北部,在中亚地区具有战略通道的作用,也是"一带一路"倡议的一个重要节点,矿业是吉国支柱产业,具有良好的国际合作前景。本文采用时序数据,分析吉国金属和非金属矿产资源的开发利用情况,并总结吉国矿产资源开发利用的特征及存在问题;分析显示吉国矿业存在矿产开发程度较低且过渡依赖金矿开发、矿业开发产业链不完整、本国黄金储备需求增加、环境污染等问题;未来重点发展方向包括:优化矿业发展政策与环境、加大矿产资源开发、广泛应用现代采矿技术。结果表明吉国在矿产开发利用、建设矿业和工业产业链、完善矿产资源开发利用相关基础设施等方面有较为强烈的国际合作需求,中国相关单位、企业可以以此为切入点,加强与吉国的矿产开发利用合作。