内蒙古荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)、碱韭(Allium polyrhizum)和骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)叶形态性状对土壤水氮耦合的响应

研究降水和氮沉降对荒漠草原植物叶形态性状的影响,对于预测未来全球变化下荒漠草原植物的生态适应具有重要意义.对增减雨(±50％)和氮添加(10 g·m-2.a-1)及其交互作用对乌拉特荒漠草原区优势植物叶形态性状的影响研究结果表明:(1)沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)、碱韭(Allium polyrhizum)...     

辐射传输模式对地基微波辐射计观测亮温的模拟能力分析

提供高时间分辨率大气温度湿度廓线的地基微波辐射计近年来广泛使用,多通道观测亮温的数据质量是大气廓线产品合理性的基本保障.一般定期液氮绝对定标可以更好维护亮温数据质量,但实际操作颇为不易.辐射传输模式作为一种辅助工具,可以检验和认识地基微波辐射计观测亮温的数据质量.本文针对三个辐射传输模式:MonoRTM、ARTS和MW...     

Genetic variability of the Lessepsian migrant mussel Brachidontes pharaonis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Tunisia

The present study used two mitochondrial markers (16S rRNA and COI) to assess the genetic diversity of a newly founded Lessepsian migrant mussel, Brachidontes pharaonis, in Tunisian waters. The species appears to be restricted to only one population in Rades Harbour, in the northern part of the country. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the monophyly of B. pharaonis in Tunisia. Both molecular markers revealed high genetic variability of the B. pharaonis population. Haplotype networks and demographic analyses confirmed the recent expansion events within this population. Multiple human-mediated introduction events involving several founder populations and intensive population growth rates are probably the main causes of the high polymorphism observed within this invasive mollusc.     

机载条纹管成像激光雷达在拍岸区探测水雷

为了解决拍岸区水雷探测的问题,以无人机为载体的条纹管成像蓝绿激光雷达可以用来扫描、识别水雷,蓝绿激光成像雷达白天和夜晚均可以稳定成像,机载探测方式相对于水下、水面等传统探测方式效率也可以提高,机载激光雷达可由小型船舶、小型汽车等多平台携带使用。     

多极化SAR溢油探测影响因素分析研究

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(SAR) oil spill detection parameters conformity coefficient(μ), Muller matrix parameters(|C|, B_0), the eigenvalues of simplified coherency matrix(λ_(nos)) and the influence of SAR observing parameters, ocean environment and noise level are investigated. Radarsat-2 data are used to make systematic analysis of polarimetric parameters for different incidences, wind speeds, noise levels and the ocean phenomena(oil slick and look likes). The influence of the SAR observing parameters, the ocean environment and the noise level on the typical polarimetric SAR parameter conformity coefficient has been analyzed. The results indicate that conformity coefficient cannot be simply used for oil spill detection, which represents the image signal to the noise level to some extent. When the signals are below the noise level for the oil slick and the look likes, the conformity coefficients are negative; while the signals above the noise level corresponds to positive conformity coefficients. For dark patches(low wind and biogenic slick) with the signal below the noise,polarization features such as conformity coefficient cannot separate them with oil slick. For the signal above the noise, the oil slick, the look likes(low wind and biogenic slick) and clean sea all have positive conformity coefficients, among which, the oil slick has the smallest conformity coefficient, the look likes the second, and the clean sea the largest value. For polarimetric SAR data oil spill detection, the noise plays a significant role. So the polarimetric SAR data oil spill detection should be carried out on the basis of noise consideration.     

黄海典型漂浮大型藻类光谱特征分析

利用实测高光谱和多光谱相机数据对在黄海海域采集的浒苔和马尾藻样本进行光谱特征分析。结果显示:漂浮大型藻类的高光谱反射率均值(Rmean_H)与多光谱反射率均值(Rmean_M)、高光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHH)与多光谱藻类指数(VB-FAHM)之间的相对误差小于15.6%,说明这两种数据具有较好的一致性;基于光谱特征波长的反射率建立比值光谱指数,其中浒苔和马尾藻的差异最为明显的是R640/R554指数;基于多光谱相机计算反射谷深度指数(T-depth),采用阈值法来区分浒苔和马尾藻,T-depth阈值的区分精度分别为69.6%±30.0%和69.6%±24.3%,稍优于虚拟基线漂浮藻类指数(VB-FAH)阈值的区分精度。     

Estimation and prediction of plastic waste annual input into the sea from China

Marine plastic debris has been a pervasive issue since the last century, and research on its sources and fates plays a vital role in the establishment of mitigation measures. However, data on the quantity of plastic waste that enters the sea on a certain timescale remain largely unavailable in China. Here, we established a model using material flow analysis method based on life cycle assessment to follow plastic product from primary plastic to plastic waste with statistical data and monitoring data from accurate sources. This model can be used to estimate and forecast the annual input of plastic waste into the sea from China until 2020. In 2011, 0.547 3–0.751 5 million tons of plastic waste entered the seas in China, with a growth rate of 4.55% per year until 2017. And the amount will decrease to0.257 1 to 0.353 1 million tons in 2020 under the influence of governmental management. The amount of plastic waste discharged from coastal areas calculated in this study was much larger than that from river, thus it is suggested to strengthen the governance and control of plastic waste in coastal fishery activities in China in order to reduce the amount of marine plastic waste input.     

黄东海刺尖锥虫属(多毛纲,锥头虫科)一新种

本文描述了于1959年采自中国黄海和东海锥头虫科刺尖锥虫属一新种——中国刺尖锥虫Leodamas sinensis sp.nov.。本文详细描述了该物种的形态特征及与近似种的区别,并编制了刺尖锥虫属Leodamas Kinberg,1866物种检索表。     

环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力定量研究

环渤海湾地区经济发展迅速但开发利用过度,生态问题突出。本文以社会环境学理论、系统论、可持续发展理论等为基础,建立了环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力评价指标体系,利用单项评价法,以地级市为基本单位对环渤海湾地区的海洋资源环境承载力进行评价。结果表明滨州市的海洋资源环境承载力较好,其次为唐山市和天津市,沧州市的海洋资源环境承载力较弱。     

美国海上油气田租赁开发和环评体系研究

美国海洋油气环评贯穿于外大陆架油气区域租赁销售和开发的各个阶段。文章从美国外大陆架租赁范围界定入手,介绍油气区域租赁开发所经历的5年规划、区域销售、勘探和开发生产各阶段所涉及的环评文件类型。着重分析美国海洋油气开发环评体系、工作程序和文件内容,最后提出对我国海洋油气开发环评的启示,即:海洋油气规划环评在先;公众参与的早期介入;全过程政府环评;环评审查不等于排污许可。