阜康典型荒漠C3植物稳定碳同位素值的环境分析

通过对阜康典型荒漠C3植物稳定碳同位素值的分析。叶片炭同位素值在-23‰和-29‰之间变化,其中主要在-27‰附近波动。这与前人报道的世界上其他地区荒漠植物碳同位素值的变化非常一致。降水可以改变叶片碳同位素值的大小,降水越多,叶片碳同位素值越负,它们的变化幅度有物种的依赖性。叶片碳同位素值也受植物生长形式或期望寿命的影响,木本植物或寿命长的植物叶片碳同位素值要高。分析表明,利用该区土壤或陆相沉积中有机质碳同位素值可以判断气候的干湿变化：土壤或陆相沉积中有机质碳同位素值越高,气候则越干燥。     

Toxic contaminants and their biological effects in coastal waters of Xiamen,China. II. Biomarkers and embryo malformation rates as indicators of pollution stress in fish

Baseline information is presented on embryo malformation rate and biomarkers in fish as indicators of sub-lethal stress caused by pollution in coastal waters of Xiamen, PR China. Fish and eggs were sampled from several areas in Xiamen coastal waters (Xiamen Harbour, Maluan and Tongan Bays and East Channel), where varying levels of pollutant input have been documented. Comparative sampling was done at a "cleaner" reference site at Dongshan Island. Embryonic malformation rates, which indicate general water quality, varied with location and species of fish, and exceeded background levels for unpolluted waters (assumed approximately 5%) by up to eightfold at some sites. Generally, sites around Xiamen Harbour show signs of poor water quality having highest mean levels of embryo deformity (20-30%) and these decreased towards open waters (Tongan Bay, Eastern Channel) where abnormalities approached background levels. An indication that toxic contaminants may be having a localised effect in the region, particularly in the harbour was reinforced by the biomarker assays. However, activities of the biomarkers ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase in fish livers indicate no clear pattern, and there is no evidence that fish from the four sampling areas have been more or less exposed to PAHs and other compounds that induce these biomarkers. Antioxidant biomarkers (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione) suggest that exposure to xenobiotics appears to be lowest in Dongshan and Maluan and highest in the harbour and Tongan. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in fish muscle indicated possible effects by organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in Xiamen waters and these effects may be greatest in the area of the harbour.     

断陷湖盆隐蔽油藏预测及勘探的关键技术--高精度地震探测基础上的层序地层学研究

近十余年世界的我国隐蔽油藏勘探取得了巨大进展,其关键技术是高精度的三维地震及在此基础上的层序地层学研究,二者的结合已被油气产业部门当作勘探中的“权威性技术”。断陷湖盆在我国东部含油气资源的重要性居首位,控制层序形成演化的诸因素中,构造,古气候和在区域古地理格局中的位置对湖盆的类型和演化起着决定作用,需要按照断陷湖盆的沉积构造演化特征建立有预测功能的层序构成模式,在成熟的勘探区,重新建立等时层序地层格架,进行体系域精度的工业制图,阐明沉积体系的分布规律,使用高精度地球物理技术对圈闭定位,并对构造坡折带和低位域扇体给予重点注意,用这种技术方法指导隐蔽油气藏的勘探,已经并必将有许多重要发现。     

田玉在中国古玉器中的地位

中国和田玉的开发利用历史悠久,在中国古玉器中地位显著.从新石器时代晚期开始到清代,和田玉一直是中国古玉器的主要玉材;而和田玉又具有其他产地软玉无法比拟的颜色,具有独特的羊脂白色;用和田玉制成的玉器,是中国传统玉文化的主要载体,具有不可复制的惟一性.     

澜沧-耿马Ms7.6级地震前兆综合加权信息量的变化

在地震综合信息量的基础上,改进了地震前兆异常的出现概率的计算方法,得到地震前兆综合加权信息量.利用"地震预报专家系统"的思想对每一异常事件进行综合评估.考虑到异常的可靠性、有效性、显著性及相互关联性,给予不同的权重,以每一异常事件的最可能发震时间来估算异常出现的概率,计算了澜沧-耿马地震的地震前兆综合加权信息量,并对这种信息量变化的特点进行了分析.     

积极推动“数字海南”建设

海南省具有得天独厚的发展优势,“数字地球”是实现整体可持续发展的重要保障,将有力推进全省信息化的进程,促进经济发展。     

川滇地区地震活动单键群分析

利用单键群（即ＳＬＣ）分析方法,通过有关ＳＬＣ特征参量的时间滑移分析,结合１９７０年以来的区域地震活动和构造环境,分析了川滇西部地区的地震活动。较之７０年代和８０年代,９０年代的地震活动在总体上是处于中等强度的活动水平。文章认为,ＳＬＣ方法考虑了地震事件的时空关联性,可以用来分析地震活动趋势,是研究地震活动性的有用工具。     

Preliminary study on assessment of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin based on SWAT modeling

With the Taihu Basin as a study area, using the spatially distributed and mechanism-based SWAT model, preliminary simulations of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin during the period of 1995:_2002 has been carried out. The topography, soil, meteorology and land use with industrial point pollution discharge, the loss of agricultural fertilizers, urban sewerage, and livestock drainages were all considered in the boundary conditions of the simulations. The model was calibrated and validated against water quality monitoring data from 2001 to 2002. The results show that the annual total productions of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) into Lake Taihu are 40000t and 2000t respectively. Nutrient from the Huxi Region is a major resource for Lake Taihu. The non-point source (surface source) pollution is the main form of catchment sources of nutrients into Lake Taihu, occupied TN 53% and TP 56% respectively. TN and TP nutrients from industrial point pollution discharge are 30% and 16%, and sewerage in both forms of point source and non-point source are TN 31% and TP 47%. Both the loss of agricultural fertilizers and livestock drainages from the catchment should be paid more attention as an important nutrient source. The results also show that SWAT is an effective model for the simulation of temporally and spatially nutrient changes and for the assessment of the trends in a catchment scale.     

裂隙岩质边坡地下水渗流数值模拟

本文从反倾向岩质高边坡的渗流特征和渗流普遍规律出发,根据渗流力学知识,建立数学模型,通过渗流数值模拟计算分析了渗透压力、水头变化规律以及对岩质边坡稳定性的影响.     

构造、气候与砾岩* ——以积石山和临夏盆地为例

探讨构造、气候与砾岩的关系对于研究青藏高原隆升的时间和方式具有重要意义。裂变径迹热年代学表明积石山地区于8MaB.P.开始构造变形,与碎屑颗粒裂变径迹结果和生长地层结果一致,而明显早于积石砾岩出现的时间(3.6MaB.P.)。通过区分岩体隆升与地面隆升之间的差别,文章提出一种新的模型,以解释隆升、气候和砾岩之间的关系。积石山岩体于8MaB.P.开始隆升,隆升初期,尽管岩体隆升1500~2000m,但是由于积石山上覆的新生代地层易于剥蚀,在花岗岩基底被剥露到地表之前,地表只有少量隆升或没有隆升。随着沉积地层被剥蚀殆尽,基岩暴露于地表,地面隆升速率加快。约3.6MaB.P.,积石山隆升约200~900m,造成了地形雨和发源于积石山的横向河流的出现,这些横向河流把积石山的花岗岩搬运到盆地中沉积下来,形成积石砾岩。