合肥盆地朱巷组孢粉组合及其地质时代和古植被古气候

合肥盆地位于安徽省中部,面积约21000平方公里,是安徽省最大的中、新生代沉积盆地。盆地内以白垩系最为发育,白垩系分为朱巷组和响导铺组。笔者系统地研究了朱巷组的孢粉化石。本文以孢粉组合讨论其地质时代古植被与古气候。     

多通道地基微波辐射计在0713号"韦帕"台风登陆前后探测性能及特征分析

利用上海市气象局2007年9月进行的"韦帕"台风探测试验资料和地面常规观测资料,对多通道地基微波辐射计在0713号"韦帕"台风登陆前后探测性能及特征进行了分析。结果表明:多通道地基微波辐射计探测的温度和相对湿度趋势与GPS探空得到的基本一致,尽管二者之间存在一些小的差异,但也表明了微波辐射计对台风具有一定的探测能力。0713号"韦帕"台风登陆前后温度和水汽密度场上,甚短生命史的冷暖气柱和高水汽密度柱十分活跃,体现了"韦帕"台风登陆前后的阵性特征。     

Environmental behavior of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in aquatic ecosystem

LAS degradation rate in Donghu Lake water under aerobic was much faster than under anaerobic condition. The half life of LAS in aerobic and anaerobic environment was 3.2 days and 57 days, respectively. The degradation rate at 25–27°C was approximately 20 times higher than that at 1.5–3.5 °C. In a laboratory model aquatic ecosystem, two stages of bioconcentration in fish, daphnia and snail were observed. The first stage, on second day exposure, resulted from accumulation of intact LAS, and the second stage, on 16th day exposure, was due to metabolites. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of LAS was extremely low in the muscle of hybrid carp (0.64), but rather high (2485) in the gall bladder. This cooperation project between the Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica, Wuhan, P. R. China and the Institut fur Okologische Chemie der Gesellschaft fur Strahlen und Umweltforschung, F. R. Germany, was supported by the Natural Science Foundation P. R. China and GSF.     

The calculation and analysis of ecological footprints,diversity and development capacity of China

The ecological footprint of China’s provinces is calculated in this paper.In general,China’s development is not sustainable because its ecological footprint is beyond its bio-capacity.The sustainability status of each province in China is presented.Ulanowicz’s developmnt capacity formula was introduced to discuss th relation ship of development and ecological footprint’s diversity.The diversity of ecological impacts is related to the efficiency with which an economy uses the source and sink services of the environment and,in this efficiency with which an economy uses the source and sink services of the environment and ,in this view,should be a factor in economic output.Development capacity,calculated from the ecological footprint and its diversity,is used to examine the relationship o economic output with the structure of the ecological footprint.China and its provinces are presented as a case study to investigate this relationship.The analysis shows that footprint capacity is significant in prdicting economic output.Increasing the ecological footprint’s diversity is presented as another way to increase development capacity.     

斑点干涉术统计结果的信噪比模拟和分析

高分辨统计重建中,随机误差影响着统计结果的信噪比,从而限制了探测目标时所能达到的精度。通过推导给出了单星斑点干涉术统计结果信噪比的数学表达式,并模拟计算了不同视宁度参量r0和不同光子数下斑点图统计功率谱环带上的信噪比,模拟计算结果和理论数学模型吻合较好,最后对一些实测数据进行了处理和分析。     

基于制度背景与经济活动交互效应的广东省PM2.5污染驱动因素分析

为探讨社会经济活动与制度背景的交互效应对PM_2.5污染的影响,文章选取经济转型的前沿阵地——广东进行了实证分析。基于遥感影像获取的PM_2.5质量浓度数据,运用空间马尔科夫链和空间计量模型,定量刻画了广东省1998—2015年PM_2.5质量浓度的时空演变特征,并对不同制度背景下社会经济活动对PM_2.5的影响进行了量化分析。结果表明：广东省地级市PM_2.5质量浓度呈现先上升后缓慢下降的过程,PM_2.5质量浓度形成“以珠江口为核心”的圈层空间结构,呈现“以佛山、广州和东莞为核心,先扩散、后集中”的空间演变特征。空间马尔科夫链结果表明：PM_2.5质量浓度演变存在显著的空间交互性。若与PM_2.5质量浓度高的区域为邻,则该区域PM_2.5质量浓度增大的概率将会变大;而与PM_2.5质量浓度低的区域为邻,该区域的PM_2.5质量浓度的变化则不会受到明显的影响。社会经济因素和制度背景的交互项表明：高市场化水平能够削弱工业生产对PM_2.5的正效应。分权化过程促进了工业生产对PM_2.5污染的正效应;同时,显著降低了污染密集型工业生产的排放。全球化进程通过引进清洁技术促进技术进步从而降低PM_2.5的污染。此外,环境规制通过降低工业生产排放和倒逼技术进步达到降霾效果。     

中国生态足迹、多样性与承载力的计算与分析

The ecological footprint of China's provinces is calculated in this paper. In general,China's development is not sustainable because its ecological footprint is beyond its bio-capacity. Thesustainability status of each province in China is presented. Ulanowicz's development capacityformula was introduced to discuss the relationship of development and ecological footprint's diversity.The diversity of ecological impacts is related to the efficiency with which an economy uses thesource and sink services of the environment and, in this view, should be a factor in economic output.Development capacity, calculated from the ecological footprint and its diversity, is used to examinethe relationship of economic output with the structure of the ecological footprint. China and itsprovinces are presented as a case study to investigate this relationship. The analysis shows thatfootprint capacity is significant in predicting economic output. Increasing the ecological footprint'sdiversity is presented as another way to increase development capacity.     

弱点,还是优势?对学习“地理科学是自然科学和社会科学的汇合”的一点体会

自近代地理学建立之日起,一百多年间,关于地理学性质的讨论,始终绵延不绝,贯串着整个地理学思想史。这次,由我国著名科学家钱学森同志发起的地理科学大讨论,已在全国地理学界引起普遍反响,热烈地讨论着。固然,钱学森同志所说的地理科学并不完全等同於我们日常所说的地理学,就科学分类上所居的层次而论,地理科学显然高出於地理学,是没有疑问的,但二者有其辐合一致的地方,也是无可否认的。     

全国各省市气象科技期刊文摘(12)

１一种数值预报产品的误差修订方法及效果检验《云南气象》２００２年第２期杞明辉云南省气象科研院６５００３４摘要通过对ECMWF产品的１０a误差的检验和统计分析，得出其预报产品系统误差的时空分布特征，并将不同预报时效内的数值预报产品分别进行系统误差校正处理，将处理结果和未经过处理的数值产品场对同一个对应时效的分析场分别做倾向相关性检验对比和平均误差、均方根误差等参数的对比统计分析，结果表明该误差订正方法非常有效，订正后的预报产品相关性有显著提高，平均误差和均方根误差大幅度降低，从而为数值预报产品的订正释…