一种AHP-FCE的数字线划地图数据质量评价方法

随着遥感技术、计算机技术、光电传感技术及航天技术的迅速发展,地理空间数据的采集手段越来越多.针对这些地理数据质量存在的一系列的问题,利用层次分析法确定各个因素的权重,使用缺陷扣分法计算,对数字线划地图数据在数据完整性、逻辑一致性、位置精度、属性精度进行计算分数,采用模糊综合评价方法分别从上述4个方面检查数据质量,使其更好地为人们日常生活服务.     

三轴应力下饱和水煤岩破裂的声发射特征

在GAW-2000型岩石力学试验系统上进行了煤岩饱和水条件下的三轴压缩应力应变试验及声发射检测。结果表明:不同煤级煤岩有着不同的声发射特征,主要可以划分为3种类型。饱和水煤岩的三轴-声发射试验显示,煤样在线弹性阶段之前声发射事件较少,而之后声发射趋于活跃;单轴与三轴实验对比发现,围压会明显改变半无烟煤煤岩在压密阶段的应变量,而对无烟煤不明显。围压的存在对煤岩变形其他阶段的影响要小于压密阶段。声发射参数振铃率和能量率可以应用于预测最大屈服应力点:半无烟煤煤岩在破坏前兆来临时,振铃率和能量率的频率和幅度均有很大提高,在近最大屈服应力90%左右时,幅度基本维持不变;无烟煤煤岩在破坏前兆来临时,会产生明显的某一突变,频率或幅值上有跳跃或突增。同时,煤岩的声发射特征的方式和差异性与煤岩的物质组成及煤岩演化程度有很大的相关性。     

基于神经网络技术的天气雷达超折射回波识别

基于SA多普勒天气雷达资料,从其基本反射率、径向速度和谱宽3个基本产品中提取出6个能反映它们之间差异的特征参量,并对它们进行概率统计分析,作为BP神经网络的识别因子。通过建立适当的训练集对神经网络进行训练,从而得到最优的网络结构,再利用测试集对经过训练的网络做进一步测试,对其识别效果进行评判。结果表明:当神经网络的输入层、隐含层和输出层的神经元个数分别为6、6、2时,能够对超折射回波达到最优的识别效果。最终通过实际个例对识别效果做再次验证。     

新安江模型在资料匮乏的长江中下游山区中小流域洪水预报应用

水文资料匮乏流域的洪水预报(PUBs)是水文科学与工程中一个尚未解决的重大挑战.中国湿润山区中小流域大多是水文资料匮乏的流域,在此地区进行洪水预报的重要手段之一就是水文模型参数的估计.对基于参数物理意义的估算方法(以下简称物理估算法)及两种区域化方法进行了研究,将其用于新安江模型参数的估算及移植.皖南山区的29个中小流...     

Hydrological impacts of climate change on streamflow of Dongliao River watershed in Jilin Province, China

The impacts of future climate change on streamflow of the Dongliao River Watershed located in Jilin Province,China have been evaluated quantitatively by using a general circulation model(HadCM3)coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)hydrological model.The model was calibrated and validated against the historical monitored data from 2005 to 2009.The streamflow was estimated by downscaling HadCM3 outputs to the daily mean temperature and precipitation series,derived for three 30-year time slices,2020s,2050s and 2080s.Results suggest that daily mean temperature increases with a changing rate of 0.435℃per decade,and precipitation decreases with a changing rate of 0.761 mm per decade.Compared with other seasons,the precipitation in summer shows significant downward trend,while a significant upward trend in autumn.The annual streamflow demonstrates a general downward trend with a decreasing rate of 0.405 m3/s per decade.The streamflow shows significant downward and upward trends in summer and in autumn,respectively.The decreasing rate of streamflow in summer reaches 1.97 m 3 /s per decade,which contributes primarily to the decrease of streamflow.The results of this work would be of great benifit to the design of economic and social development planning in the study area.     

吉林西部季节性气象干旱的时空演化特征

为减轻季节性干旱对吉林西部农业生产造成的影响,以吉林西部6个气象站1957-2010年的月降水量资料为基础,采用标准化降水指数(SPI)作为气象干旱指标。利用Daubechies小波分析法、重标极差分析法(R/S)和干旱频率法对吉林西部SPI时空演化特征进行了研究。结果表明:研究区各站点冬旱整体上有减轻趋势,而秋旱有加重趋势;各站点气象干旱状况呈现出持续性特征,乾安(夏季和秋季)、前郭(夏季)、通榆(春季、夏季和秋季)、长岭(夏季)干旱持续性更加强烈。研究区春旱高频区为扶余,夏旱高频区为扶余和白城,秋旱高频区为白城、通榆、乾安、前郭和长岭,冬旱高频区为扶余、长岭和白城。研究结果可为吉林西部防旱减灾提供参考。     

Characterization of a novel deep-sea microbial esterase EstC10 and its use in the generation of (R)-methyl2-chloropropionate

A novel esterase Est C10 from B acillus sp. CX01 isolated from the deep sea of the Western Pacific Ocean and the functionalities of Est C10 was characterized. At present, the reports about the kinetic resolution of racemic methyl 2-chloropropionate were quite rare. So we developed deep-sea microbial esterase Est C10 as a novel biocatalyst in the kinetic resolution of racemic methyl 2-chloropropionate and generate( R)-methyl 2-chloropropionate with high enantiomeric excess(99%) after the optimization of process parameters such as p H, temperature, organic co-solvents, surfactants, substrate concentration and reaction time. Notably, the optimal substrate concentration(80 mmol/L) of esterase Est C10 was higher than the kinetic resolution of another esterase, Est12-7(50 mmol/L). The novel microbial esterase Est C10 identified from the deep sea was a promising green biocatalyst in the generation of( R)-methyl 2-chloropropionate as well of many other valuable chiral chemicals in industry.     

桓台县地下水资源开发利用与保护对策

通过对桓台县地下水资源的赋存条件、分布规律和水质特征的调查研究,以及对地下水开发潜力的综合分析,提出了合理开发利用地下水的对策,并针对该县存在的水环境问题———水质污染、地下水降落漏斗、土地盐渍化提出了保护对策。     

综合识别法去除风廓线雷达地物杂波的可行性研究

以杂波谱极小值连线的思想为基础,针对强风天气条件下的风廓线雷达地物杂波信号,提出一种综合识别杂波的去除方法,并与常规的地物杂波抑制方法相比较。结果表明:利用该方法对强风天气下的地物杂波有更好的抑制效果,水平风速得到了明显增强,与地面观测数据相比,雷达产品更趋于真实风速。     

Evaluation of the reservoir permeability of anthracite coals by geophysical logging data

Permeability is one of the most significant reservoir parameters. It is commonly obtained by experiment, history simulation, injection/falloff well test and geophysical logging. Among these, geophysical logging remains as the most economic and efficient technique in evaluating coal permeability in the vicinity of an open-hole. In this paper, geophysical logging data are used to evaluate the coal reservoir permeability for the No. 3 coal seam in the southern Qinshui Basin (Fanzhuang and Zhengzhuang coal zones). Ideally coal reservoirs consist of coal matrix and fracture networks that can be represented by a model called a collection of sheets. Based on the model, coal reservoir permeability can be quantitatively calculated using the theoretical formula of k_f = 8.50 × 10^− 4 w²φ_f, in which fracture width (w) and fracture porosity (φ_f) were obtained by dual laterolog and density logging data, respectively. Calculative results show that coal reservoir permeability ranged from 0.017 mD to 0.617 mD for the Fanzhuang coal zone and from 0.047 mD to 1.337 mD for the Zhengzhuang coal zone. The permeability decreases with coal burial depth, reflecting variations in penetration capability of coal reservoirs at varying depths. Comparing results with those from injection/falloff well tests, however, shows that the model-calculated permeability is slightly higher. This is expected because the model did not include the influence from coal anisotropy.