Safety Assessment of Buried Pipeline during Pile Driving Vibration in Offshore Engineering

To assess the impact of pile driving on adjacent submarine pipelines during the reconstruction of a pier berth, the local damage model of submarine pipelines is established to explore the safety thresholds of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. The results are analyzed and adjusted by the existing standards and the corresponding literatures. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model is presented to assess the feasibility of the construction of piles by the obtained safety limits, in which the nonlinear behavior of the soil and stress–seepage coupling analysis are considered. After the construction, the safety of submarine pipelines is rechecked by the measured value of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. Meanwhile, the propagation law of vibration, the horizontal displacement of underground soil, and the pore pressure during pile driving are explored. The results indicate that the construction of piles of 2# mooring pier did not cause damage to adjacent submarine pipelines. However, the construction of piles of 1# mooring pier which is nearer may cause damage to submarine pipelines.     

Whether human-induced activities could change the gradient pattern of coastal land use along the sea-land direction: a case study in Manila Bay,Philippines

Increasing intense human activities have largely changed the coastal landscape and caused many environmental issues. However, whether human-induced activities could change the coastal land use gradient pattern, an important coastal zonal characteristic along the sea–land direction, remains unclear. Manila Bay was selected as the study area in this work. According to the distance of the land use and land cover(LULC) to the coastline, we clustered the typical coastal land use sequence patterns(CLU...     

Parametric vibration of submerged floating tunnel tether under random excitation

For the study of the parametric vibration response of submerged floating tunnel tether under random excitation,a nonlinear random parametric vibration equation of coupled tether and tube of submerged floating tunnel is set up.Subsequently,vibration response of tether in the tether-tube system is analyzed by Monte Carlo method.It may be concluded that when the tube is subjected to zero-mean Gaussian white noise random excitation,the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether reach the peak if the circular frequency of tube doubles that of tether;the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether increase as the random excitation root mean square increases;owing to the damping force of water,the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether decrease rapidly compared with tether in air;increasing the damping of the tether or tube reduces the displacement and velocity root mean square responses of tether;the large-amplitude vibration of tether may be avoided by locating dampers on the tether or tube.     

济州岛南部海区的双跃层现象

本文分析了济州岛南部区域温度双跃层现象的类型及其成因。特别阐明了双跃层的波状现象,指出:强流锋区的侧向效应,黑潮次—中层混合水的爬升,黄海冷水团边缘密度环流引起的侧向流动,以及上、下层流速、流向不一致引起的剪切作用,是导致双跃层波状现象的主要原因。发现上、下跃层之间存在着“跃层间环流”,这是一个有趣的海洋学现象,它将导致双扩散的发生和有利于双跃层的维持。     

聚类分析法在浅海水团分析中的应用及黄、东海变性水团的分析

本文引入变性水团概念,用聚类分析确定黄、东海浅海海域变性水团的边界及其变化。根据给定的标准进行聚类,确定了水团的个数、边界及混合区。 由聚类方法所得结果看出,在该海区中有八个变性水团。根据温、盐相对指标,将这些水团分为九种不同的特征。也可以把这些水团划分为三种盐度类型。在温—盐点聚图上,不同变性水团的温盐点,分布于一条曲线附近,它体现出逐级变性的特点。各变性水团的变化范围都很大,这说明该海区中水团变性强烈。在暖季中的增温降盐和冷季中的降温增盐,可认为是整个黄海和东海水体变性的特征。所有季节性水团都经历一个形成与消亡的过程。 文中讨论了变性水团和海洋环境的相互关系。水团变性是热力因素和动力因素共同作用而产生的。通过变性水团的分析,作者认为,在该海区水团的变性中,热力因素起着主要作用。变性水团界线的舌状分布与流向之间的关系是很明显的,可作为分析环流的旁证。最后描述了变性水团和底层中心渔场之间的关系。     

用模糊集合观点讨论水团的有关概念

本文将划分水团的基本原则,概括为水团内部特征的相对均一性及其与外部海水的明显差异性。用模糊集合讨论了水型、水团和水系等有关概念。提出了用模糊集合观点定义水团及其核心、本体、边界与混合区的建议,并以1979年8月黄海和东海表层为例,给出了各水团的隶属函数。计算了其核心、本体、边界、混合区及贴近度,按其模糊性排出了顺序。     

New Numerical Scheme for Simulation of Hyperbolic Mild-Slope Equation

The original hyperbolic mild-slope equation can effectively take into account the combined effects of wave shoaling, refraction, diffraction and reflection, but does not consider the nonlinear effect of waves, and the existing numerical schemes for it show some deficiencies. Based on the original hyperbolic mild-slope equation, a nonlinear dispersion relation is introduced in present paper to effectively take the nonlinear effect of waves into account and a new numerical scheme is proposed. The weakly nonlinear dispersion relation and the improved numerical scheme are applied to the simulation of wave transformation over an elliptic shoal. Numerical tests show that the improvement of the numerical scheme makes efficient the solution to the hyperbolic mild-slope equation. A comparison of numerical results with experimental data indicates that the results obtained by use of the new scheme are satisfactory.     

The down-faulted basin zone and high disaster risk zone in Shanxi Province, China

Introduction Since 1920s, with increasing awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in various as-pects and gradually deepened development of International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) activities in China, the role and position of disaster risk analysis and risk management work are increasingly prominent. In the final report of the IDNDR activities in 1999, the Science and Technology Committee of IDNDR had presented 5 challenge fields, which the international dis…     

编者按

<正>三峡工程举世瞩目,是长江流域大保护与流域水安全保障的关键性枢纽工程。自2003年三峡工程蓄水以来,在防洪、发电、航运、供水等方面产生了巨大的经济、社会及生态环境等综合效益。同时,水库建成后,重庆至宜昌600多km的自然河道变成了人为控制的大型河流型深水水库,不仅在库区形成了诸如消落带、干-支流往复交融的独特生境,而且由于下泄水流、泥沙、营养盐等水文及生物地球化学要素的时空变化,     

Satellite image analysis using crowdsourcing data for collaborative mapping: current and opportunities

ABSTRACT

Researchers are continually finding new applications of satellite images because of the growing number of high-resolution images with wide spatial coverage. However, the cost of these images is sometimes high, and their temporal resolution is relatively coarse. Crowdsourcing is an increasingly common source of data that takes advantage of local stakeholder knowledge and that provides a higher frequency of data. The complementarity of these two data sources suggests there is great potential for mutually beneficial integration. Unfortunately, there are still important gaps in crowdsourced satellite image analysis by means of crowdsourcing in areas such as land cover classification and emergency management. In this paper, we summarize recent efforts, and discuss the challenges and prospects of satellite image analysis for geospatial applications using crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing can be used to improve satellite image analysis and satellite images can be used to organize crowdsourced efforts for collaborative mapping.