基于冲突—适配视角的土地利用可持续性评价

土地利用可持续性评价是土地系统科学与可持续发展交叉学科研究中一个重要内容,对识别区域土地利用与管理问题,制定可持续土地管理决策具有重要意义。本文从土地利用可持续内涵解析出发,提出了一种基于土地系统冲突与适配视角、适用于不同区域与时段的土地利用可持续评价框架,并以2000—2015年长三角地区为例进行实证分析。结果显示：① 基于土地系统外部发展施压及土地系统内部支撑角度,可以构建由“资源子系统冲突”“功能子系统冲突”“承载子系统冲突”“资源—功能适配性”“功能—承载适配性”组成的土地系统结构。并基于静力学平衡方程,通过计算结构支撑性与平衡性得到土地利用可持续性;② 长三角地区各项土地冲突适配指标中,土地系统功能冲突改善程度最高,但土地功能与承载适配程度最低。各项冲突适配指标具有显著的城乡、纬度、海陆空间分异特征;③ 长三角地区包含17种土地系统构型,呈现最稳定与最不稳定构型两极分布多、中间构型数量少的特征。长三角地区土地利用可持续性结果范围是0.20~1.58,其中浙江>安徽>长三角地区均值>江苏>上海,浙江诸暨市、安吉县等实施绿色发展战略地区显著高于江苏连云港市、如东县等实施传统经济主导型发展战略地区。本文可以为分析区域土地系统可持续性、设置土地可持续发展规划目标、探索土地系统转型方向提供思路与方法借鉴。     

Quantitative estimation and spatial reconstruction of urban and rural construction land in Jiangsu Province, 1820–1985

Land cover is the most evident landscape signal to characterize the influence of human activities on terrestrial ecosystems. Since the industrial revolution, the expansion of construction land has profoundly changed the status of land use coverage and changes. This study is proposed to reconstruct the spatial pattern of construction land (urban construction land and rural settlement land) for five historical periods over the past 200 years in Jiangsu Province with 200 m × 200 m grids on the basis of quantitative estimation. Urban construction land is estimated based on data about city walls, four gates along walls, and other socio-economic factors. Rural settlement land is calculated based on the rural population and per capita housing allowance. The spatial pattern of historical construction land is simulated based on the distribution of modern construction land in 1985 with a quantitative-boundarysuitability control method and thorough consideration over connectivity of different land use types. The study concludes that: (1) the amount of construction land in Jiangsu Province is estimated at 963.46 km² in 1820, 1043.46 km² in 1911, 1672.40 km² in 1936, 1980.34 km² in 1952 and 10,687.20 km² in 1985; and (2) the spatial distribution of construction land features the great proclivity to water bodies and main roads and the strong polarization of existent residence. The results are verified directly and indirectly by applying the trend verification of construction land changes and patterns, the correlation analysis between rural settlement land and local arable land, and quantitative accuracy test of the reconstructed construction land to actual historical survey maps covering four sample regions in 1936.