Comparative proteome analysis of butachlor-degrading bacteria

A Pseudomonas putida strain, named ER1, was isolated from an agricultural soil and found to actively degrade the herbicide butachlor. The enzyme extracted from ER1 could degrade butachlor. Furthermore, incubation of ER1 in a medium containing 50 mg/kg of butachlor after 3 days resulted in the high butachlor-degrading enzyme activity of ER1. Response of ER1 to butachlor might be related to changes in protein composition at both quantitative and qualitative levels. Total proteins were extracted from control strain (incubated in the medium without butachlor) and the treated strain (incubated in the medium with butachlor). The proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Of the total number of ER1 protein, 11 spots were significantly changed under butachlor stress. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry coupled with database searching allowed the function of some proteins which were similar to the hydrolases activity or oxidoreductase activity.     

Spatial distribution and susceptibility analyses of pre-earthquake and coseismic landslides related to the Ms 6.5 earthquake of 2014 in Ludian,Yunan, China

On 3 August 2014, an earthquake struck Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China, which has caused a large number of coseismic landslides. Visual interpretation permitted 284 and 1053 landslides before and after the event to be mapped, respectively. This work attempted to analyse these two kinds of landslides. Conditioning factors, such as slope angle, aspect, curvature, elevation, distance from drainages, intensity and lithology, and the index of Landslide Number Density (LND) were used to describe the spatial distribution of these landslides. Then, the pre-earthquake and coseismic landslide susceptibility maps were produced using the information value model. The areas under curve are 84.73 and 77.05%, for the pre-earthquake and coseismic landslides, respectively. The results show that the LND values as well as the information values of coseismic landslides are larger than those of the pre-earthquake case. This also indicates that this Ludian earthquake has a relatively larger ability to trigger landslides.     

基于空间杜宾模型的山东省制造业时空分异研究

利用2003~2014年山东省17个地级市制造业27个部门的面板数据,研究了山东省制造业的时空分异特征,并基于空间杜宾模型（SDM）探讨了主要的影响因素,结果发现：山东省制造业份额呈现出自东向西递减、先东部集聚后向中西部扩散的规律。以2007年为转折点,制造业呈现东部沿海转出、内陆转入的特点,鲁北地区成为份额增长最快的区域。由于空间溢出效应的存在,市场规模、交通基础设施、产业规模和人力资本水平均有助于提升本地区制造业份额。因此,应该从地区关联的角度重新审视制造业发展规律并制定相应政策措施。     

利用计算机实现综合解译圈定找矿靶区

主要论述用计算机代替手工实现综合解译的过程。该过程归纳为：从专业领域获取知识组织成专业模型，再将其转变翻译成知识模型，然后转移到计算机内实现推理目标。重点论述从专业模型到知识模型的过渡和推理目标的实现。通过在河北、山西的实践，证明用计算机综合解释圈定找矿靶区是可行的     

沪渝高速(三岔口大桥)路面温度特征及模型研究

利用沪渝高速公路恩施-宜昌路段恩施附近的三岔口大桥(海拔708 m)自动站监测2013年6—8月(夏季)及2013年12月至2014年2月(冬季)逐日逐时次气象要素资料,统计分析夏季、冬季路面温度与气温的变化特征及路面温度与气象因子的关系,基于逐步引入因子线性回归分析方法建立路面温度统计模型,并对模型的预报效果进行实验研究。结果表明:夏季路面最高温度受多种气象要素的影响,与日最高气温、日平均气温、前一日路面最高温度、前一日路面平均温度呈正相关,与相对湿度、24 h累计降水呈负相关。冬季路面最低温度与最低气温呈显著性相关。通过模型的效果实验,发现夏季路面最高温度用日最高气温、日最小相对湿度及前一天物理量建立的模型预报结果与实况的变化趋势最为接近;冬季路面最低温度用日最低气温、日最小相对湿度、日平均风速及前一天物理量建立的模型预报结果与实况的变化趋势最为接近。     

长三角地区典型城市臭氧及其前体物时空分布特征

基于美国宇航局NASA/AURA卫星臭氧监测仪OMI数据,分析了2005—2014年长三角地区及其典型城市对流层O_3、NO_2柱浓度和HCHO大气总柱浓度的时空分布特征。结果表明:10 a间,长三角地区对流层O_3柱浓度和HCHO总柱浓度呈现增长趋势,O_3增量为0.23ppbv/10 a,HCHO增量为0.07×10~(16) mol/(cm~2·10 a),对流层NO_2柱浓度呈现降低趋势,减量为0.06×10~(15)mol/(cm~2·10 a);长三角地区对流层O_3柱浓度最大值出现在3、4、5月,而对流层NO_2柱浓度最大值出现在1、12月,HCHO总柱浓度最大值出现在6、7月;对流层O_3柱浓度的高值区分布在长三角中部、北部区域,对流层NO_2柱浓度高值区分布于长三角中部,HCHO总柱浓度高值区相对分散,且四季的分布各不相同。O_3与NO_2和HCHO在时间和空间上呈现一定的相关性。     

怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段全新世活动证据及其古地震记录

活动断裂带常是大地震的发震构造,并诱发地质灾害,产生黏滑位错和蠕滑变形,并形成断裂破碎带,进而对城市和工程安全直接造成威胁。因此,厘定活动断裂的空间几何展布、活动性对工程地质研究和防灾减灾具有重要的指导意义。通过遥感解译、错断地貌、槽探和14C测年,对怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段的发育分布特征与活动性进行了调查研究。结果表明：邦达断裂中段在1457±51 a BP/1598±47 a BP 发生过古地震事件,为引发中强地震的全新世活动断裂。断裂活动主要受控于川滇菱形块体的南向逃逸挤出和印度板块NEE向直接挤压作用,表现为走滑兼有逆冲分量的高角度活动断裂。该研究为了解怒江断裂带邦达断裂中段活动性和工程抗震设防提供了基础资料。     

扩张式随钻扩孔器扩孔机构流场分析与优化

随钻扩孔是大洋钻探跟管钻进工艺的关键技术环节,扩张式随钻扩孔器通过压差控制刀翼的张开和闭拢,扩孔率大,可有效实现套管跟管钻进。设计了悬臂式扩孔器,采用偏置式喷射孔布置对刀翼进行冲刷,运用计算流体力学理论,采用标准k-湍流模型,对喷射孔在不同角度和直径下的流场进行模拟分析。模拟结果表明：作用于扩孔刀翼切削齿的流体速度和动压力受喷射孔角度、直径和环空钻井液综合影响;随着喷射孔角度α从40°递增至90°,作用于切削齿的流体速度呈类余弦曲线变化;随着喷射孔直径d从4 mm增大到10 mm,作用于切削齿的流体速度和动压力呈抛物线型变化;综合考虑冲刷效果、加工性能和喷射流体与环空钻井液的相互作用,优选α=70°、d=8 mm。陆地试验和浅海试验证明,扩张式随钻扩孔器结构功能可行,扩孔尺寸满足套管正常跟管钻进需求,优选的喷射孔角度和直径可对刀翼形成良好冲刷,有效防止泥包产生。研究成果可为大洋钻探不同规格的随钻扩孔器设计提供参考依据。     

Formation conditions and reservoir-forming models of the Ordovician buried hill reservoirs in the Jizhong depression

The buried hill in the Jizhong depression contains abundant petroleum reserves and are important production areas. The Ordovician buried hill has restricted the discovery of new oil and gas exploration targets because of its strong reservoir heterogeneity and complex reservoir-controlling factors. Based on a large volume of core, thin section, logging, seismic, and geochemical data and numerous geological analyses, the reservoir-forming conditions and modes were systematically analyzed to guide the exploration and achieve important breakthroughs in the Yangshuiwu and Wen’an slope buried hills. The study revealed that three sets of source rocks of the third and fourth members of the Shahejie Formation from the Paleogene and Carboniferous-Permian were developed in the Jizhong depression, providing sufficient material basis for the formation of buried hill oil and gas reservoirs. The reservoir control mechanism involving the three major factors of “cloud-karst-fault” was clarified, and karst cave, fracture fissure-pore, and cloud pore type reservoir models were established, thereby expanding the exploration potential. Controlled by the superposition of multi-stage tectonic processes during the Indosinian, Yanshanian, and Himalayan, two genetic buried hill trap types of uplift-depression and depression-uplift were formed. Based on the analysis of reservoir-forming factors of the Ordovician buried hill, three buried hill oil and gas reservoir-forming models were identified: low-level tectonic-lithologic composite quasi-layered buried hill, medium-level paleo-storage paleo-block buried hill, and high-level paleo-storage new-block buried hill. Comprehensive evaluations indicate that the reservoir-forming conditions of the low-level tectonic-lithologic composite quasi-layered buried hill in the northern portion of the Jizhong depression are the most favorable and that the Sicundian and Xinzhen buried hills are favorable areas for future exploration.     

光滑叶片的偏振高光谱特性及与叶绿素含量的关系

为探讨偏振光遥感快速估算植物叶绿素含量并用于农业气象自动化观测,根据植物叶绿素颗粒可产生偏振光响应的物理特性,应用SPAD-502叶绿素仪和加偏振镜的FieldSpec~?3 Hi-Res便携式高光谱仪,在多角度观测平台上测量和研究了表面光滑的桑树、红叶石楠、茶花3种代表性叶片的偏振高光谱特性与叶绿素含量的关系。结果表明:对于光滑叶片而言,550 nm附近的绿峰强度随着叶绿素含量的增加缓慢降低,即偏振高光谱与叶绿素含量呈非线性关系;绿峰波段的偏振度(DOP)与叶绿素含量的关系最好,其次为偏振反射,再次为最高反射和总反射,最低反射的关系最不明显。该研究对进一步开展偏振光遥感评价作物生长状况、灾害及估产具有重要意义。