Distribution and number change of the Littorinidae (Gastropoda) on intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong River Estuary

There are 4 species of Littorinidae on the intertidal hard bed in the Jiulong River Estu-ary. They are Littorina scabra, L. brevicula, Nodilittorina pyramidalis pyramidalis and N.millegrana. Of these species, L. scabra is a dominant species. According to the results of in-vestigation, we find distribution patterns of the Littorinidae on intertidal hard bed in theestuary as follows: (1)There is no Littorinid species at Haicheng Station. (2)There is only Lit-     

Geological evolution of the Dongsha Uplift and its surrounding depressions in the South China Sea

-The tectonic types of the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea are epicontinental rift-depression basins. Prior to Early Cretaceous time, the Dongsha Uplift arid its surrounding depressions had been combined with the Eurasia Plate in a single unit. Many ENE-trending narrow rifted basins were formed in the third episode of Yanshan orogeny (Late Laramide). The rifted basins in the Paleocene and Eocene were stretched and extended, forming Zhu 1, Zhu 2 and Zhu 3 depressions. The Dongsha Uplift is located between Zhu 1 and Zhu 2 depressions . covering an area of 28 000 Km2. Its geologic evolution can be divided into four stages:(1) Late Cretaceous - Paleocene block-faulting stage.(2) Eocene -Oligocene uplifting and eroding stage.(3) Late Oligocene - Early Miocene sustained subsiding stage.(4) Middle Miocene -Recent noncompensated subsiding stage.The Dongsha Uplift is a structural zone favourable for oil-gas accumulation.     

白沙口海岸带泥沙运动和地貌演变

近几十年来，许多沿海国家都开展了大规模的海岸带调查工作，并对海岸带的泥沙运动和地貌演变的某些规律进行了深人研究。但是，对于有潮海滩不同地貌部位上的泥沙运动特征及其控制因素，以及不同地貌部位上，反映泥沙群体运动结果的堆积体运动规律等的现场调查，至今报道不多。实际上，有潮海滩并非单调一致，海滩不同地貌部位上的泥沙运动规律和地貌发育规律，都有极大的、甚至本质上的差异。研究这些差异性，对于我们深入了解海岸带泥沙运动和地貌演变的规律，是有所裨益的。 白沙口位于山东半岛南岸，五垒岛湾之西(见图1) ，湾口朝南，面对黄海。湾内堆积地貌发育。一条巨大的湾口沙咀，自常家庄南岬角向西延伸，逼近海阳所南部的角滩。沙咀的北面为泻湖，白沙滩河注入其中。所谓白沙口，实指泻湖的出口，也为一潮汐通道。由于陆源物质长期倾泻入海，出口处岸线呈扇形向海突出，形成白沙口潮汐三角洲。退潮后，三角洲上一片白沙，沙咀、沙洲等堆积地貌非常发育。它们在海浪、潮流，和河流径流等各种动力因素的交互作用下，活动性很强，其位置变化无常，给航运和水工建筑等带来许多困难。1971-1974年，中国科学院海洋研究所和山东省水文总站协作，在本区进行了系统调查，曾写了专门调查报告。本文试图根据其中的部分现场观测资料，对本区海岸带泥沙运动和地貌演变的一般特征、差异性，及其与动力因素之间的关系等问题进行初步探讨。     

黄河入海泥沙对渤海和黄海沉积作用的影响

渤海平均水深18m，最大水深70m，是一个较浅的海湾。黄海平均水深38m，其中部为水深大于50m的盆地。它们的共同特征是陆地环绕。沿岸河流输沙特征对沉积作用过程有重大影响，特别是黄河入海泥沙的影响尤为显著。 关于黄河人海泥沙对渤海和黄海沉积作用的影响，前人已从不同角度进行过讨论。黄河是世界上著名的多沙性河流。由于黄河尾闾长期以来不断发生变迁，纵横摆动于华北平原之上，交替注入渤海和黄海，因此，在讨论黄河入海泥沙在中国近海沉积中的作用时，必须把渤海和黄海作为一个整体，甚至南涉东海。本文试图在以往工作的基础上，概括讨论黄河入海泥沙对渤海和黄海海底沉积作用的影响。     

Artificial upwelling induced by ocean currents —Theory and experiment

A submerged apparatus, which consists of a buoy, several horizontal contraction and expansion tubes (Venturi-type tubes) and a long pipe, is expected to be used to pump the subsurface sea-water (200–300 meter depth) containing abundant nutrients to surface layer (50–100 m) by the dynamic of ocean currents. i.e. an artificial upwelling without energy cost. A preliminary experiment and analysis are undertaken and shows that the capacity of pumping the nutrient-rich sea-water is worth to build a pilot prototype model.     

台湾海峡台风暴潮非线性数值计算

台湾海峡平均水深不大于50米,台风侵袭频繁.由于台湾岛的“墙壁效应”和台湾海峡的“狭管效应”的影响,台湾海峡的台风暴潮显得较为独特.以前,我们及其他兄弟单位对福建沿海台风暴潮的研究,大多数仅局限于单站的气-水动力相互作用的研究,很少涉及整个海峡.虽说我们也曾作过福建沿岸台风暴潮现场调查,但进行次数有限,了解的也仅是海峡西岸局部地区的情况,它仅能反映台湾海峡台风暴潮的一个侧面,而无法了解整个海峡地区的风暴潮全貌.     

海气相互作用的随机-动力理论

在长期天气过程和气候形成的理论中,海洋起着重要的作用。但是海洋是一种缓慢流动的介质,比热也远比大气的比热大,从大范围运动角度来看,大气运动特别大尺度天气过程,相对说来比较活跃和变化速度较快,这种较快的天气起伏,将影响海水的潜热和感热输送,使海温发生变化,然而海温的气候变化是一个缓慢过程,而且是一个大范围现象,因此可以将天气过程的起伏看成一种随机强迫,从这一观点出发,Frankignoul and Hasselman采用简单的随机模型,探讨了海温异常的成因与变化,得到了引人注目。     

长江口海水比重的直接测定

海水的比重是海水的一个重要物理性质,也是研究海水运动所必需的一个参数。关于大洋海水比重及其与氯度、盐度和电导的关系已有许多报导[3,5-9],为了制定新的国际海洋学常用表,Cox等人对世界各海洋表层海水的比重、盐度和温度的关系又进行了重新研究[3]。他们指出,除去低盐海水以外,所得结果与Knudsen水文表数据吻合较好,但Knudsen水文表的比重数据平均偏低0.006σ_t。     

Calculation of Environmental Capacity of Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Jiaozhou Bay

The method has been established to calculate the environmental capacity (ECo),surplus environment capacity (SECo) of water with respect to marine petroleum hydrocarbons associated with oil (PHAOs) and the self-purification capacity (SPCo) of main self-purification process to PHAOs in the Jiaozhou Bay, China, according to the dynamic model for distribution of marine PHAOs among multiphase environments. The variation of concentration of PHAOs in the Jiaozhou Bay is well simulated by the dynamic model. Based on the model.the ECo, SECo of water with respect to PHAOs in the Jiaozhou Bay were calculated during the last 10 years under the first-class and second-class quality standard requirement, according to SPCoof main self-purification process to PHAOs. The results show that about 200 tons of PHAOs could be discharged into the Jiaozhou Bay for maintaining the first class seawater quality standard, and about 600 tons of PHAOs for the second class seawater quality standard later.     

海水仔稚鱼脂类营养研究进展

近年来国外海水仔稚鱼脂类营养研究取得了重要进展。作者从海鱼鱼卵和早期仔稚鱼阶段的脂肪酸成分、海水仔稚鱼饥饿时脂肪酸的保存、海水仔稚鱼脂类的消化、吸收和运输、饲料中磷脂的作用和影响、饲料磷脂与甘油三酯的效率、饲料的必需脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸的定量需要、高度不饱和脂肪酸以及EPA和DHA比例的重要性等方面综述脂类营养对海水仔稚鱼生长的影响