海水中微量元素无机离子交换动力学研究——液膜递进模型理论 Ⅰ.天然海水条件下

最近十几年来,海水物理化学中关于海水的化学热力学研究已较广泛地开展,并已有一些重要的研究结果报导。但是,关于海水中化学动力学的研究,至今却基本上仍属空白。然而这正是海洋中许多化学过程(特别像海水化学资源开发、海洋污染和防治等实践性比较强的领域中)要解决的关键问题。本文是我们从事这一方面研究工作的第一篇报导,讨论的内容是海洋中最重要的过程之一——无机离子交换过程。     

A new type of Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System

INTRODUCTIONTheSMSRPSisstalledontheshipnavigatingovertheseaandreceivessatellitecloudmapsatanytimetoprovidereliablereal-timedataofmeteorologyandocean.Itisanimportantequipmentforsafeguardofshipnavigation.Chinahasthousandsofoceanicships.Butalmostallships,withonlyveryfewexception,arenotstalledbySMSRPS.Thecausesareasfollows:1.Thetechniqueisverycomplicated.2.Thedevelopmentcostisveryhigh.3.Ifweintroduceforeignequipment,thecostistooexpensive.4.Foreignequipmentanditssoftwarearecompletelyclo…     

南海北部—观测点内潮特征的初步分析

采用功率谱分析、调和分析等方法，对南海北部－观测点连续９ｄ（１９８８年５月８—１６日）的温度。盐度和海流及跨越该期间较长的（１９８８年４月２４日－７月２２日）潮位资料进行了分析研究。结果表明，观测点存在着一种内潮现象，其波动的周期在２４ｈ左右，它传播的方向大体是偏北。     

三疣梭子蟹雌雄隔离养殖技术研究

在193亩池塘中开展三疣梭子蟹雌雄分养和雌雄混养对比试验。其中雌雄分养面积93亩，亩产商品蟹182公斤，平均壳宽12．6厘米，平均个体重230．1克，成活率40．2％。与雌雄混养相比，亩产量提高了53．6％，成活率提高了1.51倍。专家鉴定认为，梭子蟹雌雄分养，方式新颖，效果明显，技术水平属国内先进。     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定海水中的铬

海水基体对Cr有增感作用。本文研究了抗坏血酸、柠檬酸三铵、酒石酸、乙酸铵等有机基体改进剂对消除基体干扰效果。前二者均有效地消除基体干扰,但1％抗坏血酸 1％柠檬酸三铵混合试剂的效果更好,它不仅可以消除基体干扰,还可降低背景及噪声,Cr的吸收峰也较平滑。本法准确,相对偏差在0.7—4.4％范围内。回收率在92—109％范围内。若海水Cr含量低于定量下限时,可采用多次进样法。     

Influence of large-diameter pipe pile driving on surrounding marine soils and adjacent submarine pipelines

Abstract

With the large-scale development and utilization of ocean resources and space, it is inevitable to encounter existing submarine facilities in pile driving areas, which necessitates a safety assessment. In this article, by referring to a wharf renovation project as a reference, the surrounding soil response and buried pipe deformation during pile driving in a near-shore submarine environment are investigated by three-dimensional (3D) numerical models that consider the pore water effect. Numerical studies are carried out in two different series: one is a case of a single pile focusing on the effect of the minimum plane distance of the pile–pipe, and the other is a case of double piles focusing on the effect of the pile spacing.     

Action mechanism of geotextile-reinforced cushion under breakwater on soft ground

Various measures including material experiments, centrifuge modeling tests and FEM numerical analyses were performed to study systematically the action mechanism of the geotextile-reinforced cushion under breakwater on soft ground and the effects of the strata characterization and the reinforcement condition on the stability of the breakwater-ground system. In the aspect of controlling the deformation, the geotextile-reinforced cushion under breakwater constrains the lateral displacement of both the embankment and the ground. From the viewpoint of stress, the reinforcement suppressed the range of high stress level in the system. In general, the weaker the ground is and the greater the modulus of the geotextile is, the more effective the reinforcement is. The tensile force in the geotextile is greater in the range of the main part of the embankment.     

Comparison of two three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling systems for coastal tidal motion

A comparison of two three-dimensional numerical modeling systems for tidal elevations and velocities in the coastal waters is presented. The two modeling systems are: (1) the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) and (2) the MIKE 3 flow model. The model performance results for Singapore's coastal waters show that the predicted tidal elevations from the two hydrodynamic modeling systems are almost identical and are in very good agreement with field measurement data. The simulated tidal current velocities match well with field measurement data at the selected stations, but it seems that the POM provides the slightly better simulation, compared to the MIKE 3 flow model. The depth profiles of the velocities obtained from the two modeling systems may be greatly different at some time, due to the vertical diffusion coefficient calculated from different turbulent sub-models in the two modeling systems. The POM generally predicts larger peak tidal velocities. The maximum speed differences for the model results from the two modeling systems occur in the top and differ from time to time and from location to location, reaching up to 20%.     

青岛文昌鱼的生活史──年龄、生长和死亡研究

于１９８９年８月－１９９０年７月对青岛文昌鱼的生活史进行研究。结果表明：（１）青岛文昌鱼种群由４个齿组组成，它至少生产４ａ以上，甚至可达６ａ左右。（２）在Ⅰ、Ⅱ齿时生长较快，平均年生长１３－１５ｍｍ，Ⅲ龄后生长速度减慢，即使同一年龄组的文晶鱼，在不同季节其生长速度也不同。（３）在冬春采集的文昌鱼中Ⅲ龄组的峰值较小。（４）繁殖季节过后，老龄文昌鱼因衰老而死亡。     

胶州湾中国对虾资源的生态特征

胶州湾是我囻黄海南部对虾的重要产卵场之一,每年4月中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)亲体陆续进人胶州湾,进行产卵活动。繁殖的幼对虾生长迅速,至8月下旬虾群平均体长可达13cm左右,成为秋汛渔业的重要捕捞对象。近年由于捕捞力量加强等诸多因素,湾内对虾的年渔获量由70年代的2-5t,减至80年代的1-2t。虽然1984年以来有关部门实施对虾增殖放流,对虾资源量有所回升,但是因春季洄游的亲体(雌虾)数量锐减,7-8月间又使用各种网具违捕幼虾,因而极大地损害了幼虾资源。刘瑞玉等(1992)曾调查研究了胶州湾对虾生物资源。本文根据作者1991年以来5月和8月的对虾拖网调査资料,对胶州湾对虾资源的生态分布及其变动原因进行了分析研究,对加强管理和保护幼虾资源,以及提高对虾产量有极其重要的意义。