人的自然与自然的人——21世纪人口与资源环境可持续发展

２０世纪是人类物质文明最发达的时代,但也是地球生态环境和自然资源遭到破坏最为严重时期。不可持续的经济畸增的产生和消费模式使人类生存和发展面临严峻挑战。传统工业是一柄福音和灾祸的双刃剑,中国并不庞大的工业由于先天不足、粗放外延发展等原因过早地走入了破坏自然生态、人口急剧膨胀、环境污染不断加剧的尴尬境地,有可能重蹈发达国家“经济腾飞,公害泛滥”的覆辙。本文提出人口、生态、资源、环境、社会、经济、文明可持续发展新思路及可操作性对策是当务之急。     

On Fundamentals Predicting Floods-Landslides

ＣＯＮＣＥＰＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＨＥＡＶＹＦＬＯＯＤＳＣＡＵＳＩＮＧＬＡＮＤ┐ＳＬＩＤＥ／ＳＬＩＤＥＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓ／ｈａｚａｒｄｓｏｃｃｕｒｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈ’ｓｓｕｒｆａｃｅ．Ｔｈｅｓｅｅｖｅｎｔｓｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄａ...     

云南腾冲硅灰石矿物学特征研究

本文对云南腾冲硅灰石的矿物学特征进行研究表明,硅灰石－１Ｔｒ呈针状、纤维状,化学成分接近理论值,有害成分含量低,且具有纯度、白度高,低吸油率、低吸水率、低膨胀系数等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

1996年8月8日闽西地区特大暴雨过程分析

本文研究了9601号热带风暴减弱为低压环流后引起突发性大暴雨的成因。结果表明：9610号热带风暴减弱后的低压环流移支福建省南部地区,造成闽西地区湿斜压锋区和不稳定能量明显增强,在低压西侧辐合线所提供的福合上升运动激发下,中尺度对流云团迅速发展,导致远离低压中心的闽西突发大暴雨。闽西特殊的地形对特大暴雨的产生起了组织和增幅作用。另外,还通过逐时数字红外云团图的分析,揭示中尺度对流云团发展演变特征与突发性大暴雨的关系,供日常短时预报参考。     

若尔盖等地风能资源评价

本文用平均风速和最大风速法对若尔盖等三地的韦伯分布参数k、c进行估算,并用韦伯分布计算风能的指标。计算表明:若尔盖、红原属风能可利用区,用风力发电是有利用价值的;阿坝属风能贫乏地区。     

Mkn501长期光变性质

在R和I波段对Mkn 501进行了测光观测,并结合历史文献得到Mkn 501在近30年间的光学、红外和射电等多个波段的光变曲线;讨论了光变与色指数之间的关系,发现色指数(B—V)与(B—R)之间有强相关,相关系数r=0.73.利用DCF方法分析了多波段光变的相关性,发现B波段与4.8GHz和红外波段的光变存在一定的正相关,利用CLEANest方法对B波段的光变曲线进行频谱分析,结果表明Mkn 501的光变曲线存在2个可能的周期,即(10.06±0.04)年和(21.60±0.17)年.     

Variations of b‐values at the western edge of the Ryukyu Subduction Zone,north‐east Taiwan

Using earthquakes relocated in north‐east Taiwan, we estimated b‐value distribution along a cross‐section located near the Ryukyu slab edge, and four b‐value anomalous areas are evidenced: (1) a high b‐value body lying on top of a low Vp, low Vs and high Vp/Vs sausage‐like body was considered as a region of enhanced partial melt or water supply above which seismicity occurs; (2) beneath the Ilan Plain, an anomalous area characterized by b‐values slightly higher than 1.1 might give evidence to the magma conduits to the Kueishantao Island; (3) above the Ryukyu Wadati‐Benioff zone, at depths ranging from 90 to 110 km, a high b‐value anomaly might correspond to the depth where dehydration occurs in the subducting oceanic plate; and (4) a low b‐value area located within the Ryukyu slab, at depths ranging from 70 to 90 km, might be linked to the compressive mechanisms shown by focal mechanisms and the bending of the subducting plate.     

基于模糊Hopfield神经网络的大气降水粒子分类

提出基于模糊Hopfield神经网络的大气降水粒子分类,它是通过计算样本间的模糊关系的相似程度,再加上Hopfield网络所特有的高稳定性,对大气降水粒子进行分类.通过对各降水粒子所对应雷达回波数据的分析,验证了方法的可行性.     

The hydrothermal karstification and its effect on Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin,Northwest China

With a detailed study on petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of some important Ordovician carbonate well core samples in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, the distinguishing symbols of hydrothermal karstification are first put forward as the phenomena of rock hot depigmentation, hot cataclasm and the appearance of typical hydrothermal minerals such as fluorite, barite, pyrite, quartz and sphalerite. The main homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions in fluorite are from 260 to 310°C, indicating the temperature of hydrothermal fluid. The fluid affected the dissolved rocks and showed typical geochemistry features with low contents of Na and Mg, and high contents of Fe, Mn and Si. The ratio of ³He/⁴He is 0.02R _a, indicating the fluid from the typical continental crust. The hydrothermal fluid karstification pattern may be described as follows: the hot fluid is from the Permian magma, containing dissolving ingredients of CO₂ and H₂S, and shifts along fault, ruptures and unconformity, and dissolves the surrounding carbonates while it flows. The mechanism of hydrothermal karstification is that the mixture of two or more fluids, which have different ion intensity and pH values, becomes a new unsaturated fluid to carbonates. The hydrothermal karstification is an important process to form hypo-dissolved pinholes in Ordovician carbonates of Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, and the forming of hydrothermal minerals also has favorable influence on carbonate reservoirs.

     

Star formation and figure rotation in the early-type galaxy NGC 2974

We present Galaxy Evolution Explorer ( GALEX ) far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) imaging of the nearby early-type galaxy NGC 2974, along with complementary ground-based optical imaging. In the ultraviolet, the galaxy reveals a central spheroid-like component and a newly discovered complete outer ring of radius 6.2 kpc, with suggestions of another partial ring at an even larger radius. Blue FUV–NUV and UV-optical colours are observed in the centre of the galaxy and from the outer ring outwards, suggesting young stellar populations (≲1 Gyr) and recent star formation in both locations. This is supported by a simple stellar population model which assumes two bursts of star formation, allowing us to constrain the age, mass fraction and surface mass density of the young component pixel by pixel. Overall, the mass fraction of the young component appears to be just under 1 per cent (lower limit, uncorrected for dust extinction). The additional presence of a nuclear and an inner ring (radii 1.4 and 2.9 kpc, respectively), as traced by [O  iii ] emission, suggests ring formation through resonances. All three rings are consistent with a single pattern speed of  78 ± 6  km s⁻¹ kpc⁻¹, typical of S0 galaxies and only marginally slower than expected for a fast bar if traced by a small observed surface brightness plateau. This thus suggests that star formation and morphological evolution in NGC 2974 at the present epoch are primarily driven by a rotating asymmetry (probably a large-scale bar), despite the standard classification of NGC 2974 as an E4 elliptical.