1991—2020年江苏省连阴雨特征与区域指数构建

利用江苏省70个县级气象基本站1991—2020年逐日降水、日照时数资料,筛选出不同等级的连阴雨事件,建立连阴雨事件库。分析了江苏省连阴雨事件的时空分布特征和典型连阴雨过程,构建了区域连阴雨指数。结果表明：1） 江苏省以强连阴雨事件为主,事件年均发生次数、日数和降水总量从北到南依次增多。2） 苏北、苏中、苏南地区连阴雨事件的年发生次数、日数和降水总量表现出较明显的年代际差异,年际波动从北到南逐渐增强。苏北地区的连阴雨事件集中于盛夏发生,苏中地区多发于初春和盛夏,苏南地区于春夏大部分时间均较为频繁,秋冬亦较常见。3） 综合考虑连阴雨事件发生日数、降水量以及事件分布面积,构建区域连阴雨指数,以反映某一区域的连阴雨强弱情况。该指数较好地反映了2020年苏北、苏中、苏南三地区的区域连阴雨过程和强度变化。     

气候变化对江西省主要室外空气计算参数的影响

利用江西83个地面气象站1963—2022年逐日平均气温和14时气温数据,计算每10 a滑动平均采暖室外计算温度、夏季空气调节室外计算日平均温度、冬季通风室外计算温度和夏季通风室外计算温度,分析江西省气候变化及其对室外空气计算参数的影响。结果表明：江西省年平均气温呈明显上升趋势,其中赣北地区上升幅度大于赣南、赣中南部,冬季平均气温增加趋势（0.31℃/（10 a））大于夏季（0.14 ℃/（10 a））,冬季平均气温在1997年发生显著突变,之后冬季平均气温较多年平均值高0.6℃。气候变化背景下,室外空气计算参数变化明显,采暖室外计算温度、夏季空气调节计算温度和冬季通风室外计算温度呈升高趋势,夏季通风室外计算温度的变化趋势不明显。其中,冬季室外计算温度的上升幅度高于夏季,赣北地区的东部和中南部升高趋势较大。采暖室外计算温度升高,建筑的传热负荷设计值减小;夏季空气调节室外计算温度的升高使新风负荷增加,增加室内空气冷却能耗;冬季通风室外计算温度的升高有利于减小冬季通风负荷。     

Distinct variations of crustal shear wave velocity structure and radial anisotropy beneath the North China Craton and tectonic implications

This study presents the crustal shear wave velocity structure and radial anisotropy along two linear seismic arrays across the North China Craton (NCC) from ambient noise tomography. About a half to one year long ambient noise data from 87 stations were used for obtaining the inter-station surface wave empirical Green's functions (EGFs) from cross-correlation. Rayleigh and Love dispersion curves within the period band 5–30 s were measured from the EGFs of the vertical and transverse components, respectively. These dispersion data were then used to determine the crustal shear wave velocity structure (V_SV and V_SH) and radial anisotropy (2(V_SH ? V_SV) / (V_SH + V_SV)) from point-wise linear inversion with constraints from receiver function analysis. Our results reveal substantial structural variations among different parts of the NCC. The Bohai Bay Basin in the eastern NCC is underlain by a thin crust (~ 30 km) with relatively low velocities (particularly V_SV) and large positive radial anisotropy in the middle to lower crust. Such a crustal structure is no longer of a cratonic type and may have resulted from the widespread tectonic extension and intensive magmatism in this region since late Mesozoic. Beneath the Ordos Basin in the western NCC, the crust is relatively thicker (≥ 40 km) and well stratified, and presents a large-scale low velocity zone in the middle to lower crust and overall weak radial anisotropy except for a localized lower crust anomaly. The overall structural features of this region resemble those of typical Precambrian shields, in agreement with the long-term stability of the region. The crustal structure under the Trans North China Orogen (TNCO, central NCC) is more complicated and characterized by smaller scale velocity variations, strong positive radial anisotropy in the middle crust and rapid change to weak-to-negative anisotropy in the lower crust. These features may reflect complex deformations and crust–mantle interactions, probably associated with tectonic extension and magmatic underplating during the Mesozoic to Cenozoic evolution of the region. Our structural images in combination with previous seismic, geological and geochemical observations suggest that the Phanerozoic lithospheric reactivation and destruction processes may have affected the crust (especially the middle and lower crust) of the eastern NCC, and the effect probably extended to the TNCO, but may have minor influence on the crust of the western part of the craton.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南梁西区长6油层组砂岩低孔 超低渗储层特征及主控因素

南梁西区位于鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡的西南部.长6油层组作为其主要的勘探目标层位,在研究区东北部发育三角洲前缘亚相、南部发育深湖浊流亚相.砂岩储层主要由长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩组成.研究区砂岩中胶结物类型有方解石、伊利石、绿泥石和硅质胶结物,使得砂岩孔隙物性降低.通过对储层孔渗参数的研究,得出长6油层组主要为低孔超低渗储层.根据毛细管压力曲线的形态认为,研究区目的层的孔喉结构为Ⅱ类,孔喉分选中等偏差,并提出成岩作用是影响其储集性能的主要因素.     

辽宁西丰大岩体的解体及其地质意义

西丰大岩体在辽宁省地质上占有十分显赫的位置,一方面它出露面积巨大,另一方面与其相关的矿产比较丰富.西丰大岩体未解体之前是辽宁省最大的岩体之一,位于辽宁省的东北角,南起清河,向北延至吉林省,在辽宁省境内出露面积逾2500km2.与其相关的矿产有铁矿、铜矿、铅锌金银钼多金属矿及萤石矿.根据构造-岩浆演化期次原则,按岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素年代学、岩体间的接触关系及岩体与地层的接触关系等,将西丰大岩体(辽宁省部分)进行了详细解体,重新归并成早二叠世、早三叠世、中侏罗世和晚白垩世4个侵入期次.其中早二叠世有3个侵入序次、早三叠世1个侵入序次、中侏罗世3个侵入序次、晚白垩世4个侵入序次,共划分为11个侵入序次.在此基础上对岩性的成矿专属性、矿床成因类型和成矿时限进行了专门研究.     

The Impact of the Numbers of Monitoring Stations on the National and Regional Air Quality Assessment in China During 2013–18

China national air quality monitoring network has become the core data source for air quality assessment and management in China. However, during network construction, the significant change in numbers of monitoring sites with time is easily ignored, which brings uncertainty to air quality assessments. This study aims to analyze the impact of change in numbers of stations on national and regional air quality assessments in China during 2013–18. The results indicate that the change in numbers of stations has different impacts on fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone concentration assessments. The increasing number of sites makes the estimated national and regional PM_2.5 concentration slightly lower by 0.6?2.2 μg m^?3 and 1.4?6.0 μg m^?3 respectively from 2013 to 2018. The main reason is that over time, the monitoring network expands from the urban centers to the suburban areas with low population densities and pollutant emissions. For ozone, the increasing number of stations affects the long-term trends of the estimated concentration, especially the national trends, which changed from a slight upward trend to a downward trend in 2014?15. Besides, the impact of the increasing number of sites on ozone assessment exhibits a seasonal difference at the 0.05 significance level in that the added sites make the estimated concentration higher in winter and lower in summer. These results suggest that the change in numbers of monitoring sites is an important uncertainty factor in national and regional air quality assessments, that needs to be considered in long-term concentration assessment, trend analysis, and trend driving force analysis.     

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区中二叠统沉积特征*

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上古生界天然气资源丰富,中二叠统石盒子组是主力勘探层位,明确其沉积相及沉积特征对于该区油气勘探具有重要的意义。在野外剖面踏勘及钻井岩心观察的基础上,对研究区石盒子组地层及岩性特征、沉积相类型及沉积演化等进行系统分析。结果表明: 研究区中二叠统石盒子组主要发育粗粒陆源碎屑岩系。中二叠世研究区仍存在间歇性局部海侵,石盒子组主要以陆相沉积体系为主,包含冲积扇沉积相、河流沉积相、湖泊沉积相、三角洲沉积相等,同时发育障壁海岸沉积体系。研究区自北向南石盒子组依次发育冲积扇、河流、三角洲、滨浅湖等沉积,南缘、西南缘发育浅水三角洲沉积,南缘、东南缘障壁海湾中发育潟湖和障壁沙坝沉积。     

利用模板匹配技术识别大岗山水库库区爆破事件

采用匹配定位方法,利用大岗山水库库区及附近(29.2°—29.9°N,101.9°—102.5°E)5次已知爆破事件对2014年3月1日至2015年12月31日内连续波形进行模板检测与定位,经过人工复核后共获取23次疑爆事件,这些事件与模板事件间有较高的相关性,相关系数达0.7734,匹配后疑爆事件数为模板数的4.6倍...     

一种基于GNSS的可驯频标的设计与实现

重点介绍了GNSS可驯频标软件设计方法。在软件设计中,采用了滑动中位数方法以滤除测量数据中的奇异值;利用了Kalman滤波器对测量时差数据进行滤波以抑制测量噪声;提出了一种改进型的压控电压产生方法。采用GPS定时接收机1 PPS信号作为参考基准,对原来准确度为1×10-9恒温晶振进行驯服,驯服后频率准确度优于2×10-11。     

Conceptual design studies of the 5 m terahertz antenna for Dome A,Antarctica

As the highest, coldest and driest place in Antarctica, Dome A provides exceptionally good observing conditions for ground-based observations over terahertz wavebands. The 5 m Dome A Terahertz Explorer （DATES） has been proposed to explore new terahertz windows, primarily over wavelengths between 350 and 200 pm. DATE5 will be an open-air, fully-steerable telescope that can function by unmanned operation with remote control. The telescope will be able to endure the harsh polar environment, including high altitude, very low temperature and very low air pressure. The unique specifications, including high accuracies for surface shape and pointing and fully automatic year-around remote operation, along with a stringent limit on the periods of on-site assembly, testing and maintenance, bring a number of challenges to the design, construction, assembly and operation of this telescope. This paper intro- duces general concepts related to the design of the DATE5 antenna. Beginning from an overview of the environmental and operational limitations, the design specifications and requirements of the DATE5 antenna are listed. From these, major aspects on the conceptual design studies, including the antenna optics, the backup structure, the pan- els, the subreflector, the mounting and the antenna base structure, are explained. Some critical issues of performance are justified through analyses that use computational fluid dynamics, thermal analysis and de-icing studies, and the proposed approaches for test operation and on-site assembly. Based on these studies, we conclude that the specifications of the DATE5 antenna can generally be met by using enhanced technological approaches.