川北早寒武世碳酸盐岩台缘斜坡沉积特征及变形构造形成机制探讨

基于对川北米仓山西部旺苍县鼓城乡唐家河下寒武统仙女洞组露头剖面的观察与镜下分析发现,仙女洞组下段由生物碎屑泥晶灰岩(L)、粉砂质泥岩(M)、似瘤状砾屑灰岩(L')、角砾灰岩(R)、藻凝块灰岩(A)和含生屑钙质砂岩(S)组合而成,其以角砾灰岩、似瘤状砾屑灰岩和藻凝块灰岩为特征,且发育异地岩块和滑塌变形构造。进一步分析认为:L-M岩石组合为正常的斜坡环境低能沉积;L'-R岩石组合中的角砾灰岩为上斜坡生物灰泥丘崩坍滑动至下部而形成的,似瘤状砾屑灰岩可能是由于L-M岩石组合快速沉积导致沉积物失稳滑动变形、上斜坡生物灰泥丘崩落角砾致使的差异压实和滑动、以及后期物质成分差异引起的压溶作用等共同作用的结果,从而使灰质层发生破碎并被泥质包围形成断续的砾屑状,甚至轻微的位移,进而形成条带特征不明显的杂乱变形构造;微生物岩(Mb)组合为上斜坡的灰泥丘沉积;S-M岩石组合为斜坡上部的浊流沉积。根据上述分析结果建立米仓山西部仙女洞组碳酸盐岩台缘斜坡沉积模式,表明仙女洞组沉积早期米仓山西部存在台缘斜坡相沉积。     

鄂尔多斯盆地志靖——安塞地区延长组首次湖侵期沉积特征及其石油地质意义

通过沉积物岩石学特征、粒度分布特征、沉积构造与生物化石特征、单井分析等综合方法,对志靖—安塞地区长9油层组沉积相发育及分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地志靖—安塞地区在首次湖侵期长9期发育三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,主要发育三角洲前缘亚相和浅湖亚相。长92期研究区北部大面积发育三角洲前缘沉积,西南部发育小面积三角洲前缘沉积,浅湖面积较小,呈喇叭状向东南方向开口。长91期沉积格局基本上继承了长92期的特点,但浅湖的范围有所加大。三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体整体上呈北东—南西向条带状展布。长9期湖侵过程形成了具生烃潜力的泥岩,主要分布在吴起—志丹—安塞一带,在志丹东南部区域最厚,可达20m,并呈现向东南方向继续变厚延伸的趋势。储集空间的存在和烃源岩的发育使得研究区长9储层具有较好的勘探前景。     

Decreasing precipitation occurs in daily extreme precipitation intervals across China in observations and model simulations

Extreme precipitation response to increasing temperature includes not only changes of frequency and intensity, but also changes of extreme precipitation interval (EPIV) and the precipitation during the neighboring daily extreme precipitations interval (EPIP). These changes have not been fully evaluated yet in observations or climate model simulations although they are very useful to understand variations of extreme precipitation. We used daily precipitation data from 669 meteorological stations during the past five decades across China and projections of 19 general circulation models from CMIP5 under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios to investigate variations of EPIV and EPIP. We found the national average annual EPIV increased across China during the last five decades, while annual EPIP significantly decreased. The decreases mainly occurred in southwest China, east China, and southeast China. At national and regional scales, the average annual EPIV and EPIP showed greater decreases under the RCP8.5 scenario than those under the RCP4.5 scenario from 2006 to 2100. Annual EPIP showed a stronger correlation with extreme precipitation intensity than EPIV. The national average annual EPIP had a significant positive correlation with the Western Pacific Subtropical High Area Index. The abnormal geopotential heights over western Mongolia and the western Pacific at 500 hpa as well as the abnormal SSTs in Japan Sea and the western of Pacific in rainy seasons would result in abnormal annual EPIVs and EPIPs in China. This study may provide references for flooding prediction, water resources management, and disaster prevention and mitigation.     

基于COM组件的单站数值预报结果提取与网络动态发布方法

为实现对海量数值预报产品的高效应用和对单站数值预报结果的网络共享,针对ECMWF、T639等数值预报产品特点,创建了一种单站数值预报结果的提取方法,并基于COM组件实现其结果的网络动态发布.本文给出了网络服务器端单站数值预报结果提取COM组件设计的一般思路和关键程序代码,解决了单站数值预报结果的快速提取、直观显示和网络动态实时发布问题.     

2017年3月江苏北部一次雷雨大风天气过程分析

利用多种常规观测资料和NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,分析了2017年3月1日江苏北部出现的一次罕见冷空气雷雨大风天气过程的发生背景、地面要素和云团演变特征,同时从大气动力、热力和水汽条件出发分析了午后对流的成因。结果表明：此次过程发生前,江苏地区位于高空槽前,对流层中低层有冷式切变线伴随两股冷空气南下,受江苏省北部地面气旋阻挡,冷空气在上游堆积,当气旋东移入海冷空气爆发式南下时,造成严重的大风灾害。此次过程中,对流层中高层大气降温而低层回温使大气温度直减率增大,为对流发生提供不稳定条件,但水汽输送主要集中在低层,且高层大气无明显抽吸作用,导致此次过程未发生强对流性降水,主要以大风灾害性天气为主。     

Comparison of three methods for estimating the sea level rise effect on storm surge flooding

Two linear methods, including the simple linear addition and linear addition by expansion, and numerical simulations were employed to estimate storm surges and associated flooding caused by Hurricane Andrew for scenarios of sea level rise (SLR) from 0.15 m to 1.05 m with an interval of 0.15 m. The interaction between storm surge and SLR is almost linear at the open Atlantic Ocean outside Biscayne Bay, with slight reduction in peak storm surge heights as sea level rises. The nonlinear interaction between storm surges and SLR is weak in Biscayne Bay, leading to small differences in peak storm surge heights estimated by three methods. Therefore, it is appropriate to estimate elevated storm surges caused by SLR in these areas by adding the SLR magnitude to storm surge heights. However, the magnitude and extent of inundation at the mainland area by Biscayne Bay estimated by numerical simulations are, respectively, 22–24 % and 16–30 % larger on average than those generated by the linear addition by expansion and the simple linear addition methods, indicating a strong nonlinear interaction between storm surge and SLR. The population and property affected by the storm surge inundation estimated by numerical simulations differ up to 50–140 % from that estimated by two linear addition methods. Therefore, it is inappropriate to estimate the exacerbated magnitude and extent of storm surge flooding and affected population and property caused by SLR by using the linear addition methods. The strong nonlinear interaction between surge flooding and SLR at a specific location occurs at the initial stage of SLR when the water depth under an elevated sea level is less than 0.7 m, while the interaction becomes linear as the depth exceeds 0.7 m.     

地面气象测报业务试题库自动化管理系统

将地面气象观测规范、地面气象观测、气象学等多项知识形成题库,利用VB6编程、Access 2003数据库及Word 2003文字处理软件,研制了地面气象测报业务试题库自动化管理系统,实现了以下主要功能:用户管理、数据库管理、试题库维护、自动生成试卷、试卷编辑打印。着重阐述该系统的设计思路、技术方法、功能实现及使用效果。     

江西省“三农”服务专项建设现状与思考

通过对江西省24个"三农"服务专项建设实施地的"两个体系"建设情况开展实地调查,分析了江西省"三农"服务专项建设在提高气象为农服务现代化、促进气象工作政府化、惠民利民等三方面取得的成效,总结了各地的建设内容、成功经验、工作亮点和特色,梳理了存在的问题,并结合建设现状和有关要求,对今后江西省"三农"服务专项建设提出了六个方面的具体建议。