雷诺数对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响

The present study systematically investigates by experiment the influence of Reynolds number (Re) on a turbulent jet issuing from a smoothly-contracting round nozzle. Measurements were performed for seven Reynolds numbers varying from Re = 4,050 to Re = 20,100 using single hot-wire anemometry and over an axial distance of 30 nozzle exit diameters. Although all the exit velocity profiles are of "top-hat" shape, these measurements reveal significant dependence on Re of the exit and downstream flows. The effect of Re on both the mean and turbulent fields is substantial for Re ＜ 10,000 and becomes weak beyond Re = 10,000. The length of the jet’s potential core and the far-field rates of decay and spread all depend significantly on Re.     

The anomalous radiation force of light on a left-handed material

This paper derives the force of the electromagnetic radiation on left-handed materials (LHMs) by a direct application of the Lorentz law of classical electrodynamics. The expressions of radiation force are given for TE-polarised and TM-polarised fields. The numerical results demonstrate that electromagnetic waves exert an inverse lateral radiation force on each edge of the beams, that is, the lateral pressure is expansive for TE-polarised beams and compressive for TM-polarised beams. The investigation of the radiation force will provide insights into the fundamental properties of LHMs and will provide to better understanding of the interaction of light with LHMs.     

内潮模拟的数值模式

提出根据内潮数值模式所要解决的主要问题进行分类的方法,将现有内潮数值模式分为三 种类型：生成模式、传播模式和统一模式。生成模式主要研究在表面潮与地形的相互作用下内 潮在层化海水中的产生过程,传播模式研究内潮生成后的传播过程,统一模式则将生成和传播 过程一起研究。分别介绍了近年来最新的各类模式和大部分早期模式的主要组成部分和特征, 指出内潮模式发展需要解决的问题和发展方向。     

Modelling the effect of wave overtopping on nearshore hydrodynamics and morphodynamics around shore-parallel breakwaters

Wave overtopping nearshore coastal structures, such as shore-parallel breakwaters, can significantly alter the current circulation and sediment transport patterns around the structures, which in turn affects the formation of tombolos and salients in the nearshore area. This paper describes the implementation of a wave overtopping module into an existing depth-averaged coastal morphological mode: COAST2D and model applications to investigate the effect of wave overtopping on the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics around a group of shore-parallel breakwaters. The hydrodynamic aspects of the model were validated against a series of laboratory conditions. The model was then applied to a study site at Sea Palling, Norfolk, UK, where 9 shore-parallel segmented breakwaters including 4 surface-piercing and 5 low-crested breakwaters are present, for the storm conditions in Nov 2006. The model results were compared with laboratory data and field measurements, showing a good agreement on both hydrodynamics and morphological changes. Further analysis of wave overtopping effect on the nearshore hydrodynamics and morphodynamics reveals that wave overtopping has significant impacts on the nearshore circulation, sediment transport and the resulting morphological changes within such a complex breakwater scheme under the storm and macro-tide conditions. The results indicate the importance of including the wave overtopping in modelling nearshore morphodynamics with the presence of coastal structures.     

戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质调查中综合地球物理方法与实践

戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质填图是新时期地质调查工作的重点内容之一.覆盖区地质填图的基本目标包括两个方面,一是揭示覆盖层下伏基岩面地质结构,即填绘基岩面地质图;二是揭示覆盖层地质结构,包括地表覆盖层地质结构和覆盖层的三维地质结构.综合利用地球物理方法可以获得覆盖区地下地质结构、岩石属性、沉积物分布与层状结构等信息.而经济有效地选...     

２００６年 ７—９月的台风季节预报试验

运用NCEP/NCAR逐6 h分辨率为25°×25°GRIB资料,用WRF模式采用水平分辨率为27 km×27 km,垂直38层每6 h输出一次的时空分辨率,对2006年7—9月对西太平洋地区台风为主的天气系统进行季节预报试验。综合低层涡度、地面10 m处风速、海平面气压、暖心结构和持续时间对模式输出资料进行台风生成判定和路径追踪。7月1日—9月30日模拟吻合较好的台风、强热带风暴、热带风暴和热带低压的比例为4/9、1/3、0/1和0/1;模拟较差的比例分别为3/9、1/3、1/1和1/1;漏报率分别为2/9、1/3、0/1和0/1。模拟空报了2个台风、9个强热带风暴和3个热带风暴。模拟台风强度偏弱和吻合较差的原因可能与模式的分辨率、〖JP2〗微物理过程参数设置和积分步长有关。空报的台风、强热带风暴可能与模式自身特点、相关海区的特性和热带波动有关。     

沙漠砂抗剪强度特征及其与静力触探指标间的关系

通过室内系列化的直剪试验和静力触探模拟试验,对沙漠砂的抗剪强度特征取得了规律性的认识,并建立了砂土内摩擦角与锥尖阻力之间的经验关系,为今后在沙漠地基勘察评价中用静力触探方法估计砂土内摩擦角创造了条件。     

一次无地面冷空气触发的西南涡特大暴雨分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°的再分析资料对2007年7月17日重庆西部的特大暴雨天气过程的环流背景、主要影响系统--西南涡的演变进行诊断分析.结果表明:(1)在有利的大尺度环流背景配合下,产生此次过程的主要影响系统为西南涡和低空急流,副热带高压的西进北抬为水汽的输送提供了有利的条件;(2)最强降水时段出现在西南涡的最强盛期,垂直螺旋度的大值中心位置和强弱变化与低涡及强降雨的位置和强度有很好的对应关系;(3)在此次过程中虽然无地面冷空气的触发,但由于高层较强的冷平流形成的干冷盖和低层的暖湿气流与强烈的上升运动的极佳配合,使得强对流天气得以发生,高层的干侵入成为此次过程的触发动力;(4)西南低涡上空的不同高度上不同强度的干侵入效应,使得高层高位涡下传,而高层高位涡区的下传和中低层高位涡区的加强,导致西南低涡的气旋性环流加强,降水增强.     

我国城市规划中气候信息应用回顾与展望

城市规划中气候信息的应用经历了从早期的风玫瑰图利用到考虑风、温、湿、压等要素的气候适宜性分析以及目前关注城市通风环境、热环境以及污染敏感区的城市环境气候图技术的历程。气候信息获得的途径也从数量极为有限的基本气象观测站资料到空间加密的自动气象站资料、更精细的气象数值模式以及精细化地理信息技术的应用。同时,细化的技术导则和规范的建立以及不同行业间的联合发文有力推动了气候信息的实际应用。此外,研究展示了近年开展的伊犁、深圳、北京实际案例主要内容。最后,针对未来我国将根据大气环流特征和生态环境承载能力、走优化城镇空间布局和城镇规模结构的新型城镇化道路,从工作层面和技术层面给出了需要不断完善并深入研究的几个重点。