http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000832

The Sinus Iridum region, the first choice for China＇s＂Lunar Exploration Project＂is located at the center of the lunar LQ-4 area and is the site of Chang＇e-3 （CE-3）＇s soft landing. To make the scientific exploration of Chang＇e-3 more targeted and scientific, and to obtain a better macro-level understanding of the geotectonic environment of the Sinus Iridum region, the tectonic elements in LQ-4 region have been studied and the typical structures were analyzed statistically using data from CE-1, Clementine, LRO and Lunar Prospector missions. Also, the mineral components and periods of mare basalt activities in the study area have been ascertained. The present study divides the tectonic units and establishes the major tectonic events and sequence of evolution in the study area based on morphology, mineral constituents, and tectonic element distribution.     

A Study on Microstructure Composition of Unsaturated Red Mud and its Impact on Hydraulic Characteristics

Micro-test approaches like XRF, XRD and SEM and routine soil tests were applied to analyze the chemical composition, mineral composition, microstructure and basic physical property indicators of three kinds of red mud, which were the Bayer red mud, sintering red mud as well as the mixed red mud prepared by sintering red mud and the Bayer red mud at the mixture ratio of 1:1. On this basis, in the dehumidification-moisture absorption process, the relationship among matric suction, hydraulic conductivity and moisture content of the three types of red mud was studied by transient hydraulic characteristic cyclic test of unsaturated mud. The results indicated: physicochemical properties of the three kinds of red mud, such as mineral composition, microstructure and size grading varied remarkably; on the condition of the same moisture content, SWCC and HCFC of the three kinds of red mud demonstrated obvious hysteresis effect, which is the most significant on the Bayer mud, less on the sintering red mud and the least on the mixed mud; the Bayer red mud possess smaller hydraulic conductivity, worse drainage and stability.     

基于多源数据融合的农产品气候品质评价模型研究

本文以新疆麦盖提灰枣为例,在基于气象观测资料开展气候品质评价的基础上,将FY-4A卫星遥感数据、高分辨率多源融合实况格点产品(ART-1km、CLDAS-V2.0、Laps)应用于农产品气候品质评价,研制了点面结合的网格化农产品气候品质评价模型,阐述了基于多源数据融合的农产品气候品质评价方法。结果表明,通过该方法可明显提高农产品气候品质评价结论的可靠性和精细化程度,同时也可解决无观测资料地区农产品气候品质评价问题。     

Monitoring winter wheat growth in North China by combining a crop model and remote sensing data

Both of crop growth simulation models and remote sensing method have a high potential in crop growth monitoring and yield prediction. However, crop models have limitations in regional application and remote sensing in describing the growth process. Therefore, many researchers try to combine those two approaches for estimating the regional crop yields. In this paper, the WOFOST model was adjusted and regionalized for winter wheat in North China and coupled through the LAI to the SAIL–PROSPECT model in order to simulate soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Using the optimization software (FSEOPT), the crop model was then re-initialized by minimizing the differences between simulated and synthesized SAVI from remote sensing data to monitor winter wheat growth at the potential production level. Initial conditions, which strongly impact phenological development and growth, and which are hardly known at the regional scale (such as emergence date or biomass at turn-green stage), were chosen to be re-initialized. It was shown that re-initializing emergence date by using remote sensing data brought simulated anthesis and maturity date closer to measured values than without remote sensing data. Also the re-initialization of regional biomass weight at turn-green stage led that the spatial distribution of simulated weight of storage organ was more consistent to official yields. This approach has some potential to aid in scaling local simulation of crop phenological development and growth to the regional scale but requires further validation.     

四川省太阳能资源气候学计算

利用SMARTS模式计算晴天总辐射,充分考虑大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用和海拔高度的影响,以四川省为例,建立了复杂自然环境条件下基于日照百分率的太阳能资源气候学计算方程。该方法不仅物理意义明确,而且计算结果误差明显降低;与实测值相比,7个辐射站年地面太阳总辐射曝辐量的相对误差均低于7%;与初始值采用天文辐射曝辐量的方法相比,无论是相对误差值还是离散程度,均降低一半以上。该方法较好地解决了在一个地形复杂、气候多变的区域采用同一计算方程的难题,从而有效避免了过去采用分区方法带来的边界不连续问题,对我国东西高差大、干湿变化明显的特殊情况具有应用价值。     

吐鲁番地区可利用太阳能资源分析

利用吐鲁番太阳能试验站实测数据,结合气象站同期观测资料,从斜面总辐射、法向直接辐射和散射辐射等3个方面分析了吐鲁番地区的可利用太阳能资源、变化特征及其可能原因。结果表明:最佳倾斜面总辐射年曝辐量比纬度倾斜面高1.4%,比水平面高23.16%,两组相对差值存在着截然相反的季节变化;法向直接辐射年曝辐量比水平面总辐射低17%,两者的相对差值冬、春季大而夏、秋季小,散射辐射年曝辐量占水平面总辐射的49%,散射比和太阳高度角的年变化是影响上述两种太阳能资源变化的主要因素;此外,气象站周围建筑物的遮挡可能使其水平面总辐射年曝辐量减少8%,而从气候平均态考虑,本文所用实测年的水平面总辐射也比近30年平均值低8%。     

自动土壤水分观测数据异常值阈值研究

根据从国家气象信息中心实时资料数据库读取的自动土壤水分监测资料,计算出各个测站相应的土壤容重、田间持水量、凋萎湿度数据。在具体的业务实践中,参照土壤最大吸湿量数值,将6%作为土壤相对湿度的低值异常阈值;参照土壤饱和含水量数值,将190%作为土壤相对湿度的高值异常阈值;参照土壤水分日变化特点,初步将24 h变化幅度0.1%作为10和20 cm土层土壤相对湿度监测异常的变化阈值。具体分析代表站实测土壤相对湿度随时间的变化幅度,认为在土壤水分上升过程中的小时之间变化幅度应小于土壤饱和含水量（%）与前一监测数据的差值;土壤相对湿度>100%时的下降幅度应小于土壤饱和含水量（%）减去95%;土壤相对湿度≤100%时的下降幅度应小于5%。     

利用两类雷达探测资料分析超强台风“威马逊”登陆期间结构演变特征

利用实时多普勒天气雷达、边界层风廓线雷达和自动站资料对超强台风“威马逊”第4次登陆广西沿海时台风结构的演变特征进行研究,结果表明：台风眼区气压呈“漏斗”形变化,具有气压低、风速弱、空气干而暖的特征;登陆过程中眼区保持圆形,半径约为30 km,是典型强台风结构;天气雷达径向速度大风区具有非对称性,右象限大于左象限;风廓线雷达水平风场能够精确、直观地描述台风不同部位经过测站时的垂直结构特征,从低层到高层风向先后经历了“东北风—东风—东南风—南风”的转变过程,风速整体上呈现随高度先增大后减小的特点,其垂直速度和大气折射率结构常数(C2n)能够很好地反映台风的结构及其云和气流的变化特征;两种雷达风场产品的风向一致,但是VWP产品的风速比风廓线雷达的要小,VWP产品出现无效数据时,可以用风廓线雷达产品作为补充。     

多普勒雷达在对流云火箭增雨作业中的应用

介绍了多普勒雷达速度PPI产品图像定性识别方法,分析了与对流性降水云体有关的图像特征:①冷暖平流与大尺度辐合辐散运动相结合的零速度线;②风向性辐合辐散与风速性辐合辐散引起的正、负速度面积的不对称及正、负速度数值的差异;③较强对流单体显示的中小尺度的辐合、辐散、逆风区等。结合火箭人工增雨作业指标,给出了由雷达产品确定作业最佳时机和最佳部位的方法:辐合发展期为作业最佳时机,辐合最强区域为作业最佳部位,并由此定量计算出火箭发射的方位角、仰角;由垂直累积液态含水量和回波顶高度产品定量计算出作业区的体积,进而求得作业所需用弹量。     

西藏拿若斑岩型铜（金）矿床绿泥石特征及其地质意义

西藏拿若矿床是班公湖-怒江成矿带上多龙矿集区内,继多不杂、波龙斑岩型矿床和铁格隆南浅成低温热液型矿床之后,又一个具有重要勘查和研究意义的大型斑岩型铜(金)矿床。本文在详细的野外地质工作基础上,研究拿若矿区绿泥石矿物学和化学成分特征,探讨矿床成因及找矿勘查意义。拿若矿区内广泛发育绿泥石化蚀变,根据绿泥石野外产出状态,可将其分为三大类:Ⅰ—角砾岩筒中作为胶结物的绿泥石,Ⅱ—斑岩体中蚀变绿泥石,Ⅲ—长石石英砂岩中石英颗粒间绿泥石。三类绿泥石存在明显空间分布规律,Ⅰ类位于矿区南西部,Ⅱ类在矿区中部和北东部,Ⅲ类主要分布在两者之间(部分不在该范围)。电子探针研究结果表明,Ⅰ类绿泥石含有高AlⅣ、Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg2+)和FeT/(FeT+Mg)值(分别是0.85、0.52、0.59),Ⅱ类绿泥石这几项参数值较低(分别是0.76、0.42、0.48),Ⅲ1类绿泥石(空间上位于Ⅰ和Ⅱ中间的部分)最低(分别是0.75、0.31、0.4)。计算的三类绿泥石形成温度表明Ⅰ类形成温度最高(平均231℃),Ⅱ类较低(平均199℃),Ⅲ1类形成温度最低(平均193℃)。Ⅲ1类形成温度值接近Ⅱ类,可能是因为长石石英砂岩中绿泥石主要为斑岩体的热液蚀变矿物。这表明矿区内存在两个不同的热源区,也说明角砾岩筒是斑岩体形成之后不久,在矿区南西的另一期热液作用下形成的热液隐爆角砾岩。研究还发现斑岩体中绿泥石AlⅣ、Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg2+)和Cr/Ti值与矿石Cu、Au品位具有明显的正相关性,表明绿泥石这几项参数可以作为寻找斑岩型矿床富矿体的指示标志。另外斑岩体和角砾岩筒中Cr/Ti比值与矿石Cu、Au品位的正相关性,是因为Cr、Ti离子与Cu离子具有亲和性而致。矿区内厚大的工业矿体主要位于矿区中部斑岩体中,矿区南西的角砾岩筒矿化较弱,矿体不连续。矿区内巨型角砾岩筒和角岩化的发育预示了南西部具有寻找隐伏斑岩型矿体和角砾岩型矿体的潜力。