构造煤与原生结构煤的孔隙结构及吸附性差异

基于晋城和焦作煤样的吸附实验,对比分析了构造煤与原生结构煤的孔隙结构、吸附能力差异及其影响因素。结果表明,与原生结构煤相比,构造煤低温液氮吸附两阶段的拐点相对提前,中值孔径显著偏小,总孔容、微孔-中孔范围内各孔径段孔容以及相应的孔比表面积均要大几到十几倍。构造煤平均孔容具有微孔≈小孔>中孔的特点,原生结构煤却呈中孔>小孔≈微孔的规律,但两类煤体分段孔比表面积比例却不存在实质性差别。同时,构造煤吸附能力显著强于相同煤级的原生结构煤,原因在于构造煤的吸附孔孔容及相应的孔比表面积显著较高。此外,构造动力对煤孔隙结构乃至煤吸附性的改造可能涉及与煤大分子结构相关的微孔层次,有关现象和机理值得进一步深入探讨。     

Characteristics of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs and Controls of Reservoir Quality: A Case Study of He 8 Sandstones in the Linxing Area,Eastern Ordos Basin,China

Determining the process of densification and tectonic evolution of tight sandstone can help to understand the distribution of reservoirs and find relatively high-permeability areas. Based on integrated approaches of thin section,scanning electron microscopy(SEM), cathode luminescence(CL), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N_2 porosity and permeability, micro-resistivity imaging log(MIL) and three-dimensional seismic data analysis, this work discussed the reservoir characteristics of the member 8 of the Permian Xiashihezi Formation(He 8 sandstones) in the Linxing area of eastern Ordos Basin, determined the factors affecting reservoir quality, and revealed the formation mechanism of relatively high-permeability areas. The results show that the He 8 sandstones in the Linxing area are mainly composed of feldspathic litharenites, and are typical tight sandstones(with porosity 10% and permeability 1 mD accounting for 80.3% of the total samples). Rapid burial is the main reason for reservoir densification, which resulted in61% loss of the primary porosity. In this process, quartz protected the original porosity by resisting compaction. The cementation(including carbonate, clay mineral and siliceous cementation) further densified the sandstone reservoirs,reducing the primary porosity with an average value of 28%. The calcite formed in the eodiagenesis occupied intergranular pores and affected the formation of the secondary pores by preventing the later fluid intrusion, and the Fe-calcite formed in the mesodiagenetic stage densified the sandstones further by filling the residual intergranular pores. The clay minerals show negative effects on reservoir quality, however, the chlorite coatings protected the original porosity by preventing the overgrowth of quartz. The dissolution of feldspars provides extensive intergranular pores which constitute the main pore type, and improves the reservoir quality. The tectonic movements play an important role in improving the reservoir quality.The current tectonic traces of the study area are mainly controlled by the Himalayan movement, and the high-permeability reservoirs are mainly distributed in the anticline areas. Additionally, the improvement degree(by tectonic movements) of reservoir quality is partly controlled by the original composition of the sandstones. Thus, the selection of potential tight gas well locations in the study area should be focused on the anticline areas with relatively good original reservoir quality. And the phenomena can be referenced for other fluvial tight sandstone basins worldwide.     

Global SH-wavefield calculation for a two-dimensional whole- Earth model with the parallel hybrid PSM/FDM algorithm

We present a parallel hybrid algorithm based on pseudospectral method （PSM） and finite difference method （FDM） for two-dimensional （2-D） global SH- wavefield simulation. The whole-Earth model is taken as a cross section of spherical Earth, and corresponding wave equations are defined in 2-D cylindrical coordinates. Spatial derivatives in the wave equations are approximated with efficient and high accuracy PSM in the lateral and high-order FDM in the radial direction on staggered grids. This algorithm allows us to divide the whole-Earth into sub-domains in radial direction and implement efficient parallel computing on PC cluster, while retains high accuracy and efficiency of PSM in lateral direction. A transformation of moment tensor between 3-D spherical Earth and our 2-D model was proposed to give corre- sponding moment tensor components used in 2-D modeling. Comparison of modeling results with those obtained by direct solution method shows very good accuracy of our algorithm. We also demonstrate its feasibility with a lateral heterogeneous whole-Earth model with localized velocity perturbation.     

2000年以来南美板缘强震对2014年智利M_S8.2地震触发关系的初步研究

计算了2000年以来南美板缘强震(先前地震)对2014年4月1日智利北部M_S8.2主震、2014年4月3日M_S7.6强余震以及本次主震对其后续余震的应力触发作用,研究结果表明:先前地震在主震震源机制解2个节面上产生的库仑应力变化均为正;采用不同的有效摩擦系数,在主震破裂面上产生的库仑应力变化超过阈值(0.01MPa)的子元最低占22.2%,库仑应力变化为正子元的比率最低和最高分别为74.3%、95.5%。先前地震和主震在4月3日M_S7.6地震震源机制解的2个节面上产生的库仑应力变化也均为正,且远大于触发阈值;最低有58.2%的破裂面子元上库仑应力变化超过触发阈值,最低有64.0%的破裂面子元上库仑应力变化为正。故先前地震有利于本次主震的发生,先前地震及本次主震又有利于M_S7.6强余震的发生。根据全球CMT目录搜索到的8次余震震源机制解资料,计算了本次主震在后续余震震源机制解节面上的库仑破裂应力变化,计算结果显示,主震对其后续余震的触发效果不明显,由于余震资料的有限性,主震对余震的触发作用还有待于进一步研究。     

我国重要矿产地成岩成矿年代学研究新数据

本文报道了2005年6月至2009年7月间,主要由全国重要矿产和区域成矿规律研究项目组负责完成的145处矿产地同位素年代学测试数据400个。这批数据3/4以上尚未公开发表,在此集中发表,以便于大家使用。这批数据主要是采用目前最新的锆石U-Pb、辉钼矿Re-Os、云母Ar-Ar等方法测定的,所选择的矿产地一部分是新发现的重要矿床(如安徽东源大型钨矿),一部分是无可靠年龄数据的老矿床(如贵州紫木凼大型金矿),还有一部分是对成矿时代存在长期争议的(如云南麻栗坡钨矿),所获得的结果对于典型矿床成因和区域成矿规律的研究提供了新依据,如西藏谢通门雄村铜金矿一批变化于177Ma与170Ma之间成岩、成矿年龄数据的获得,打破了以往冈底斯铜金矿主要形成于新生代的传统认识,对于揭示冈底斯成矿带成矿演化历史和指导找矿意义重大。     

西藏南部打拉二云母花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

应用锆石SHRIMPⅡ定年技术,对西藏南部拉轨岗日岩带东段的打拉二云母花岗岩进行了测试,获得岩体形成年龄为24.7Ma（晚渐新世）。打拉岩体中具老核新壳的岩浆复合型锆石特别发育,其老核年龄范围为2796.8-3196Ma,反映打拉岩体所在部位的深部存在太古宙的古老基底。     

徐家围子断陷沙河子组煤层发育特征及分布预测

徐家围子断陷是松辽盆地北部深层天然气资源较为丰富的断陷之一。依据地震、钻井等资料,选用单井标定地震反演的方法,建立了断陷演化的阶段性和相应沉积充填的响应关系,探讨了陆相断陷湖盆煤的发育特征。研究认为徐家围子断陷演化经历了三个时期,即断陷初始期、断陷鼎盛期和断陷衰退期,每个时期具有不同的构造地貌特点和物源特点,形成了差异悬殊的沉积体系,这种差异性也体现在断陷内煤的发育特征上。煤在断陷衰退期沉积中最为发育,丰度高且面积广,主要分布于湖盆於浅处;断陷鼎盛期次之,煤局限于缓坡一侧;而断陷初始期主要为粗碎屑快速充填,煤层最不发育。结合地震反演及单井统计,煤层厚度在宋深3井区、徐深27井区、徐深13井区等形成多个高值区,该结果对进一步明确深层天然气资源分布具有重要意义。     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of early Paleozoic granitoids in East Kunlun belt: Evidences from geochronology,geochemistry and isotopes

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt(EKOB) provides an important link to reconstruct the evolution of the Proto-Tethys and Paleo-Tethys realm. The EKOB is marked by widespread Early Paleozoic magmatism.Here we report the petrology, bulk geochemistry, zircon Ue Pb dating and, Lue Hf and SreN d isotopic data of the Early Paleozoic granitic rocks in Zhiyu area of the southern EKOB. Based on the zircon U-Pb dating, these granitoids, consisting of diorite, granodiorite and monzogranite, were formed during 450 -430 Ma the Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian. The diorite and granodiorite are high Sr/Y ratio as adakitic affinities, and the monzogranite belongs to highly fractionated I-type. Their(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)ivalues range from 0.7059 to 0.7085, εNd(t) values from -1.6 to -6.0 and the zircon εHf(t) values show large variations from +9.1 to -8.6 with Hf model ages(T_(DM2)) about 848 Ma and 1970 Ma. The large variations of whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes demonstrate strong isotopic heterogeneity of the source regions which probably resulted from multi-phase underplating of mantle-derived magmas. Geochemical and isotopic studies proved that the diorite and granodiorite had been derived from partial melting of heterogeneous crustal source with variable contributions from ancient continental crust and juvenile components, and the monzogranites were representing fractional crystallization and crustal contamination for arc magma. The Early Paleozoic adakitic rocks and high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in the southern EKOB were likely emplaced in a continental marginal arc setting possibly linked to the southwards subduction of the Paleo Kunlun Ocean and the magma generation is linked to partial melting of thickened continental crust induced by underplating of mantle-derived magmas.     

资源条件与煤层气垂直井产能关系——以沁水盆地南部樊庄与潘庄区块为例

以沁水盆地南部樊庄和潘庄两区块煤层气垂直井勘探开发资料为基础,运用数值分析方法,分别研究了两区块煤层气井的含气量、资源丰度、含气饱和度、临储压力比与对应的平均日产气量的关系。结果表明:在樊庄、潘庄单个区块内,在忽略开发工艺对煤层气井产能影响的条件下,含气饱和度、临储压力比对煤层气垂直井产能影响均比较大;在樊庄和潘庄共同所在的区域范围内,临储压力比对煤层气产能的贡献最大。