Effect of biochar on desiccation of marine soils under constant and cyclic temperatures

Acta Geotechnica - Biochar has recently been gaining increasing attention as a stable and sustainable soil amendment material. However, the effect of biochar amendment on the desiccation behaviour...     

Transformation of ammonium nitrogen and response characteristics of nitrifying functional genes in tannery sludge contaminated soil

High concentrations of ammonium nitrogen released from tannery sludge during storage in open air may cause nitrogen pollution to soil and groundwater. To study the transformation mechanism of NH₄⁺-N by nitrifying functional bacteria in tannery sludge contaminated soils, a series of contaminated soil culture experiments were conducted in this study. The contents of ammonium nitrogen (as NH₄⁺-N), nitrite nitrogen (as NO₂^?-N) and nitrate nitrogen (as NO₃^?-N) were analyzed during the culture period under different conditions of pollution load, soil particle and redox environment. Sigmodial equation was used to interpret the change of NO₃^?-N with time in contaminated soils. The abundance variations of nitrifying functional genes (amoA and nxrA) were also detected using the real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR method. The results show that the nitrification of NH₄⁺-N was aggravated in the contaminated silt soil and fine sand under the condition of lower pollution load, finer particle size and more oxidizing environment. The sigmodial equation well fitted the dynamic accumulation curve of the NO₃^?-N content in the tannery sludge contaminated soils. The Cr(III) content increased with increasing pollution load, which inhibited the reproduction and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soils, especially in coarse-grained soil. The accumulation of NO₂^?-N contents became more obvious with the increase of pollution load in the fine sand, and only 41.5% of the NH₄⁺-N was transformed to NO₃^?-N. The redox environment was the main factor affecting nitrification process in the soil. Compared to the aerobic soil environment, the transformation of NH₄⁺-N was significantly inhibited under anaerobic incubation condition, and the NO₃^?-N contents decreased by 37.2%, 61.9% and 91.9% under low, medium and high pollution loads, respectively. Nitrification was stronger in the silt soil since its copy number of amoA and nxrA genes was two times larger than that of fine sand. Moreover, the copy numbers of amoA and nxrA genes in the silt soil under the aerobic environment were 2.7 times and 2.2 times larger than those in the anaerobic environment. The abundance changes of the amoA and nxrA functional genes have a positive correlation with the nitrification intensity in the tannery sludge-contaminated soil.     

湖南锡田矿田花岗岩时空分布与钨锡成矿关系:来自锆石U-Pb年代学与岩石地球化学的约束

锡田钨锡多金属矿田位于南岭成矿带中段,发育多期次岩浆活动与钨锡成矿. 为了厘清花岗岩与钨锡成矿的时空关系,采用野外调查、显微鉴定、锆石U-Pb同位素定年与岩石地球化学的方法对矿田内多期次花岗岩岩体（脉）的空间分布、岩石类型、成岩时代、地球化学组成等进行了研究. 结果表明,锡田矿田发生了三期岩浆事件,分别为加里东期（435~441 Ma）、印支期（220~230 Ma）、燕山期（141~160 Ma）;三期花岗岩普遍富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、U、Th等,亏损Ti、P、Sr、Ba等微量元素,具明显的负Eu异常,其中加里东期花岗岩与印支期花岗岩为S型花岗岩,而燕山期花岗岩为A型花岗岩;不同时期花岗岩中的成矿元素从加里东期→印支期→燕山期逐渐升高,特别是W、Sn元素在燕山期白云母与二云母花岗岩中最为富集,这与华南地区燕山期钨锡大爆发的时间是一致的;印支期岩体接触带发育少量矽卡岩型Fe-Cu-W多金属矿床,燕山期岩体接触带也发育矽卡岩型W-Sn多金属矿床,并在附近陡倾的张裂隙中发育多个中大型石英脉型W-Sn矿床,而加里东期岩体附近尚未发现钨锡矿化. 因此,锡田矿田的多期次花岗岩与钨锡多金属成矿是时空耦合的,且成矿以燕山期矽卡岩型与石英脉型钨锡矿为主.      

Deviation Principles of Gas Drainage Drilling in Three-Soft Outburst Coal Seams

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The trajectory of the actual gas drainage drilling often deviates from the design in the process of gas control drilling construction, resulting in the...     

Couple Effect of Joint Pore Pressure and Joint Orientations on Rock Strength Based on Numerical Modeling

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The joint pore pressure inside rock mass significantly affects groundwater bursting. To investigate the couple effect of joint pore pressure and joint...     

内蒙古中部西乌旗晚石炭世辉长岩-花岗岩系列:岩石成因与地球动力学意义SCIEI北大核心CSCD

辉长岩和花岗岩组成的双峰式火成岩系列通常产出于威尔逊板块构造旋回的诸多伸展周期。基于其岩石地球化学特征示踪伸展地球动力学过程与相关壳幔相互作用的独特视角,本文报道了中亚造山带东段内蒙古中部西乌旗地区新近识别的晚石炭世猴头庙辉长岩-花岗岩系列。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年揭示辉长岩和花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为~307Ma和~305Ma。辉长岩主要由斜长石、辉石和角闪石组成;SiO 2含量介于50.4%~53.4%之间,呈现镁质、准铝质和钙碱性特征;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;并具有OIB型全岩Sr-Nd(I Sr(t)=0.704249~0.704330,εNd(t)=+1.73~+3.81)和锆石Hf(εHf(t)=+4.58~+15.16)同位素组成,其锆石δ18 O介于5.75‰~6.61‰之间。这些特征指示辉长岩可能源于俯冲板片流体交代的亏损地幔楔部分熔融。同期花岗岩主要由斜长石、钾长石、石英和黑云母组成;其SiO 2含量变化于76.3%~77.6%,高硅碱、贫铁镁、弱过铝、富钍铀、亏锶钡、Eu负异常,契合典型高分异I型花岗岩的元素地球化学特征;花岗岩具有中等放射性成因的全岩I Sr(t)(0.704923~0.704981)、εNd(t)值(-0.15~+0.57)和锆石εHf(t)值(-2.63~+7.40),以及高的锆石δ18 O(6.44‰~8.06‰)。鉴于元素和同位素特征指示的高分异特征和高演化源区,猴头庙高硅花岗岩可能衍生自中元古代和古生代多期增生物质所组成的复合中基性地壳的部分熔融及其后的结晶分异作用。综合区域石炭纪-早二叠世蛇绿混杂岩和岛弧岩浆岩时空展布格局,晚石炭世猴头庙辉长岩-花岗岩系列记录了内蒙古中部其时因洋脊俯冲引发的弥散性区域伸展事件。一方面,该事件既有别于建造西乌旗早-中石炭世弧-盆体系的板片回退阶段,又迥异于早二叠世大规模后碰撞伸展过程;另一方面,这些周期性伸展事件共同见证了中亚造山带东段晚古生代威尔逊造山旋回的完整历程。     

Ecosystem responses to climate change in a large on-river reservoir, Lake Paldang, Korea

The impact of climate change on a large river reservoir ecosystem was investigated. Long-term meteorological data showed that recent climate change, including warmer winters, increased precipitation intensity and extended dry periods, may have influenced the basin of Lake Paldang, the most downstream reservoir of a series of on-river reservoirs. Extreme hydrologic events and climate warming, acting independently and in combination, appear to be related to changes in the Lake Paldang ecosystem. A significant increase in chlorophyll a concentrations in early spring corresponded to the timing of ice break-up. An increase in winter temperatures, which resulted in a shorter time period of ice-cover and earlier ice break-up, appears to have stimulated phytoplankton growth in winter and early spring. Repeated intensive and extended influxes of turbid water, associated with more frequent extreme rainfall events, have increased concentration of suspended solids and may have influenced the biotic community structure of Lake Paldang. In the mid-2000s, the area vegetated by submerged hydrophytes, the abundance and biomass of the phylum Mollusca, as well as the abundance of fish from the subfamily Acheilognathinae, which spawn in the body of bivalve molluscs, was all smaller than in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Together, these results suggest that climate change may have contributed directly and indirectly to changes in each trophic level of the Lake Paldang ecosystem.     

A new calibration model for pointing a radio telescope that considers nonlinear errors in the azimuth axis ＊

A new calibration model of a radio telescope that includes pointing error is presented, which considers nonlinear errors in the azimuth axis. For a large radio telescope, in particular for a telescope with a turntable, it is difficult to correct pointing errors using a traditional linear calibration model, because errors produced by the wheel-on-rail or center bearing structures are generally nonlinear. Fourier expansion is made for the oblique error and parameters describing the inclination direction along the azimuth axis based on the linear calibration model, and a new calibration model for pointing is derived. The new pointing model is applied to the 40 m radio telescope administered by Yunnan Observatories, which is a telescope that uses a turntable. The results show that this model can significantly reduce the residual systematic errors due to nonlinearity in the azimuth axis compared with the linear model.     

STATUS AND DYNAMIC CHANGE OF REGIONAL MANLAND SYSTEM IN VIEW OF MICRO-LEVEL QUANTITATIVE ASPECT ——Case Study of Gongyi City of Henan Province

1INTRODUCTION Thequantitativestudyofregionalman-earthrelationship system can be traced back to a long time ago. Paul Vidal de la Blache, a human geographer from France, put for- ward the idea of man-earth relativity, which was further developed by his student named Jean Brunhen (BRUN- HEN, 1935). In the early 1980s, WU Chuan-jun, an aca- demician from Chinese Academy of Sciences, expanded the view of the man-earth areal system (WU, 1981), and he believed that onlythese qualitative …     

MULTI-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL STUDIES OF CONVECTION-RELATED STELLAR PROBLEMS

1　IntroductionManybottlenecksinthetheoreticalstudyofstellarevolutionarisefromthelackofunder standingofsomehighlycomplicatedprocessesthatcannotbetreatedwithanalyticaltech niques .Alargeportionoftheseprocessesisrelatedtohydrodynamics,particularlyconvec tion .Theapplicationofmultidimensionalnumericalcomputationstotheinvestigationofthesedifficultproblemshasmadegreatprogressinrecentyears .Here ,weprovideasurveyoftherecentnumericalstudiesofconvectionrelatedproblems.Theobjectiveistoassistthosewhoar…