北秦岭西段早侏罗世A型花岗岩及其地质意义

本文通过岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U?Pb定年和Lu?Hf同位素组成分析等方法,对出露于北秦岭西段宝鸡岩体王家山一带的黑云母花岗岩和其中的包体进行了研究。结果表明,该花岗岩形成时代为187±2 Ma,属于高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列岩石,富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素以及Nb、Zr和Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr和Eu,具有高的全岩锆石饱和温度(825℃~838℃),显示A型花岗岩特征,形成于造山后的板内环境,可能为秦岭岩群副变质岩与安山质岩石部分熔融的产物。暗色包体显示塑性流变特征,具有岩浆结构,发育针状磷灰石和具有复杂成分环带的更长环斑结构长石,是幔源岩浆注入酸性岩浆发生混合作用的产物,形成时代为191±2 Ma,其锆石Hf同位素组成变化范围较大,εHf(t)值介于-11.26~-2.51,主要为富集地幔部分熔融产物。综合本文及前人已有研究结果,认为~190 Ma的早侏罗世早期秦岭地区早中生代碰撞造山过程已经结束,区域开始逐渐进入板内伸展构造演化阶段。     

双巷三维并行电法数值及物理模型试验研究

电法勘探是一种以研究地下探测目标体与周围介质之间的电性差异的地球物理探测方法,通常采用的二维电法勘探只能得到一条垂直于测线的视电阻率剖面,如果不能确定测线位置正好在异常体的正上方,这时就难给出较准确的结论。三维电阻率法采集数据量大,可获得三维电性数据体,而且可方便地根据需要实现水平及垂直切片,有着二维电法探测不能比拟的优点,实现对目标体的准确定位及全面透视。通过对构建的三维地质模型体进行数值模拟和物理模拟,表明双巷并行三维电法对地质异常体可以进行有效的探查并获得良好的探测效果。     

Origin and evolution of oilfield brines from Tertiary strata in western Qaidam Basin: Constraints from <Superscript>87</Superscript>Sr/<Superscript>86</Superscript>Sr, δD, δ<Superscript>18</Superscript>O, δ<Superscript>34</Superscript>S and water chemistry

Chemistry of major and minor elements, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δD, δ¹⁸O and δ³⁴S of brines were measured from Tertiary strata and Quaternary salt lakes in the western Qaidam Basin. The water chemistry data show that all oilfield brines are CaCl₂ type. They were enriched in Ca²⁺, B³⁺, Li⁺, Sr²⁺, Br⁻, and were depleted in Mg²⁺, SO₄ ²⁻, which indicated that these brines had the characteristics of deeply circulated water. The relationship between δD and δ¹⁸O shows that all data of these brines decline towards the Global Meteoric Water Line (GWL) and Qaidam Meteoric Water Line (QWL), and that the intersection between oilfield brines and Meteoric Water Lines was close to the local spring and fresh water in the piedmont in the western Qaidam Basin. The results suggest that oilfield brines has initially originated from meteoric water, and then might be affected by water-rock metamorphose, because most oilfield brines distribute in the range of metamorphosing water. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of most oilfield brines range from 0.71121 to 0.71194, and was less than that in salt lake water (>0.712), but close to that of halite in the study area. These imply that salt dissolution occurred in the process of migration. In addition, all oilfield brines have obviously much positive δ³⁴S values (ranging from 26.46‰ to 54.57‰) than that of salt lake brines, which was caused by bacterial sulfate reduction resulting in positive shift of δ³⁴S value and depleteed SO₄ ²⁻ in oilfield brines. Combined with water chemical data and δD, δ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ³⁴S values, we concluded that oilfield brines mainly originate from the deeply circulated meteoric waters, and then are affected by salt dissolution, water-rock metamorphose, sulfate reduction and dolomitization during the process of migration. These processes alter the chemical compositions of oilfield brines and accumulate rich elements (such as B, Li, Sr, Br, K and so on) for sustainable utilization of salt lake resources in the Qaidam Basin.     

东海放射虫甘葡萄虫科的一新属及其两新种

1958-1961年在东海陆棚区进行放射虫的调查研究时,发现甘葡萄虫科(Glycobotrydidae)的一新属及其两新种。     

石笋氧同位素和微量元素记录的陕南地区4200～2000a B.P.高分辨率季风降雨变化

基于陕南祥龙洞石笋XL2的19个230Th年龄、218个氧同位素分析以及896个Sr/Ca分析数据,高分辨率重建了4200～1972a B.P.期间陕南地区季风降雨变化.重建结果显示陕南地区这一时期季风降雨有显著的127～105a和57a周期,可能分别受控于太阳活动、PDO和/或AMO的变化.重建时段有3次百年尺度的干旱事件,分别发生于2200～2100a B.P.,2900～2700a B.P.和3600～3400a B.P.,其中2900～2700a B.P.干旱事件对应于北大西洋地区2.8ka冷事件.对比研究显示,尽管祥龙洞石笋和董哥洞石笋δ18O记录整体一致,但除了2900～ 2700aB.P.干旱事件之外,其他两次干旱事件在董哥洞石笋记录中并不明显.而尽管总体上祥龙洞和和尚洞石笋δ18O记录的差异要大,但XL2的3次干旱事件在和尚洞记录都有明显体现.有精确年代控制的祥龙洞、董哥洞及和尚洞石笋氧同位素记录的差异,揭示晚全新世我国季风降雨在十一百年尺度存在区域差异.     

养鲍自污染水净化处理的初步研究

用孔石莼变异株Ulvapertusa、活性炭纤维（ACF）和二氯异氰尿酸钠（NaDDT）对养殖皱纹盘鲍HaliotisdiscushannaiIno产生的自污染水进行净化,并用于饲养幼鲍。结果表明,孔石莼变异株能有效地吸收对幼鲍生长产生影响的水化因子──氨氮、亚硝酸盐,而活性炭纤维对污水中的COD_Mn和细菌的吸附率分别达82％和99．98％,经孔石莼变异株处理后的养鲍污水与未处理的养鲍污水对幼鲍生长影响明显不同。文中同时提出了用活性炭纤维、孔石莼变异株和二氯异氰尿酸钠净化养鲍污水的循环反馈投饵养殖模式。     

海水中碳酸根与固体粒子的相互作用

本文研究了海水中碳酸根在固体粒子上的吸附。碳酸根在各种因素颗粒物上的吸附程度上大小顺序为：赤铁矿〉δ－ＭｎＯ２〉水锰矿〉ＳｉＯ２,最大吸附量可达到约２ｍｇＣ／ｇ吸附剂,且最大吸附值均在天然海水ｐＨ（ｐＨ８）左右。在低ＰＨ时,碳酸根对ＮａＣｌ介质中砷酸根的吸附没有影响,在高ｐＨ时,则降低了砷酸根在固体颗粒物上的吸附量,因此碳酸根的存在对其他阴离子的吸附会产生竞争作用。     

Compact and tunable mid-infrared source based on a 2 μm dual-wavelength KTiOPO4 intracavity optical parametric oscillator

Using a double resonant KTiOPO₄ (KTP) intracavity optical parametric oscillator operating at degenerated point of 2 μm, we demonstrate a unique mid-infrared source based on difference frequency generation in GaSe crystal. The output tuning range is 8.42-19.52 μm, and a peak power of 834 W for type-I phase matching scheme and 730 W for type-II phase matching scheme are achieved. Experimental results show that this oscillator is a good alternative to the generator of a compact and tabletop mid-infrared radiation with a widely tunable range.     

涡流发生器对潮流能水轮机翼型水动力学特性影响的数值模拟

为了改善潮流能水轮机叶片表面流动分离问题,提高其升阻比,本文通过在潮流能水轮机叶片表面加装涡流发生器,来研究涡流发生器对潮流能水轮机水动力学性能的影响。本文以NACA4418翼型为研究对象,分别建立了含VGs和不含VGs的三维模型,利用CFD方法研究了VGs的高度、长度以及相邻一对VGs之间的间距等多个方面对该翼型性能的影响。结果表明:VGs可以有效地提高翼型的最大升力系数;相邻VGs间距的增加对流动分离的抑制有积极影响。此外,通过对尾迹区流线和旋涡的分析,进一步揭示了尾迹区的流场特征。     

中国对虾育苗池和养成池微型污着生物群落的研究

于１９９２年４－１０月在山东省青岛市黄岛前湾育苗场和胶南市红石崖镇邵家村养殖场，采用载玻片挂片和对中国对虾现场取样的方法，研究中国对虾育苗池和养成池载玻片挂 表面和对体表微型污着生物群落的组成和发展。