福宁湾海域溢油扩散影响的数值模拟研究

应用非结构化网格形式的MIKE 21水动力模型及溢油模块建立福宁湾海域海工工程施工期溢油扩散的数学模型,对在静风、全年主导风及不利风等3种不同风况条件下,一个潮周期内包括涨憩、落急、落憩、涨急等4个典型潮时分别发生100 t燃料油持续泄露30 min的事故溢油工况进行溢油扩散数值模拟.分析显示,事故溢油在福宁湾海域的扩散过程主要受潮流和风的影响.计算结果给出了事故溢油发生后24 h内的影响范围及0. 05 mg/dm3油浓度(一类或二类水质标准)溢油最快到达福宁湾内主要敏感目标的时间,为海洋环境影响评价和溢油事故应急措施的制定提供了科学依据.     

新胃乃安片中4种异黄酮成分的同时鉴别及抗氧化活性的初步筛选

目的：建立新胃乃安片中芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花苷及毛蕊异黄酮苷4种异黄酮成分的同时鉴别方法,并对其抗氧化活性进行初步筛选研究。方法：采用薄层色谱-生物自显影技术,以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲醇（20∶20∶9）为展开剂对上述4种成分进行分离鉴别,以清除2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基（DPPH）自由基能力对鉴定成分进行抗氧化活性筛选。结果：薄层色谱特征明显,在同一薄层板上能同时鉴别芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花苷及毛蕊异黄酮苷4种成分,其中筛选出毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷具有清除DPPH自由基的活性。结论：建立的方法操作简单,重现性好,可为新胃乃安片的质量控制及药效物质研究奠定基础。     

基于分布式检测与决策融合的海底油气管线检漏

利用多传感器的信息融合思想,提出分布式检测与决策融合方法进行长距离海底管线泄漏监测。试验水管和天然气／凝析油管线现场数据分析表明此算法不仅降低了误报警概率,且对流体在输送过程中动态变化具有稳健性。     

基于声学调制解调器的声速剖面遥测技术

声速是海洋声呐测量中最重要的声学参数之一。拖缆式声速剖面仪可提供实时测量功能,但其缆长不能满足深海测量要求;自容式声速剖面仪可满足深海测量要求,但工作效率低。如何提高野外深海声速剖面测量工作效率是深海调查一项非常有意义的工作。文中详细介绍了基于声学调制解调器的声速剖面遥测系统的主要结构和功能,揭示了水声通信技术在深海非铠装缆测量中的应用优势。     

气候变暖与海平面上升

本文通过大量实际资料分析认为,现代全球变暖与海平面上升,源于200多年前小冰期冷峰出现后的气候返暖、海平面回升过程演变的结果。近30年的世界海平面上升的速率,有着上世纪80、90年代和本世纪前10年世界平均气温每10年以0．2F°（0．11℃）为梯度的连续抬升为背景。在此以CO。含量为气候指标,划分出了公元200年以来的八个暖段（暖期）。若按冷暖极值距200年或250年计算,则由目前正在发展的暖期,将在公元2050年或2100年前后结束,而后开始降温。作者依据最近30年同一时段国内外验潮资料计算获得的绝对海平面升降速率为＋1．52±0．27mm／a及相对海平面升降速率为＋1．39±0．26mm/a。按照2010年坎昆气候大会决议要求,在对前人有关研究成果进行考量时,对将来的2050和2100年世界海平面预测及我国地面沉降较明显的沿海城市如天津、上海、厦门、海口等相对海平面升降值,进行了测算与评估。     

Mitigation of Ice-Induced Vibrations for Offshore Platforms Using Tuned Mass Damper

The problems of ice-induced vibration have been noticed and concerned since the 1960s, but it has not been well resolved. One reason is that the dynamic interaction between ice and structure is so complicated that practical ice force model has not been developed. The recent full-scale tests conducted on jacket platforms in the Bohai Sea presented that ice could cause intense vibrations which endanger the facilities on the deck and make discomfort for the crew. In this paper, the strategy of mitigation of ice-induced offshore structure vibration is discussed. Based on field observations and understanding of the interaction between ice and structure, the absorption mitigation method to suppress ice-induced vibration is presented. The numerical simulations were conducted for a simplified model of platform attached with a Tuned Mass Danlper （TMD） under ice force function and ice force time history. The simulation results show that TMD can fa- vorably reduce ice-induced vibrations, therefore, it can be considered to be an alternative approach to utilize. Finally, the application possibilities of utilizing TMDs on other miniature offshore structures in ice-covered areas of marginal oil fields are discussed.     

南黄海前新生代地震资料处理实践

根据南黄海前新生代地层的岩石物性特征和勘探目标,在原始资料品质分析的基础上,确定了处理重点为多次波压制、精细速度分析、深层能量增强和成像,形成了有针对性的处理流程和参数。在精细速度分析的基础上,应用不同多次波压制和去噪方法对多次波和噪音进行压制和剔除,以变速能量补偿技术增强深层古生界反射的能量,取得了较好的处理效果。     

Heterosis and heritability estimates for the survival of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under the commercial scale ponds

The aim of the present study is to detect the potential of the base population from diallel crosses of eight introduced strains of the Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) for improving the yield. Heterosis and heritability were estimated for pond survival at commercial farm conditions for the base population that included 207 full-sib families from a nested mating design by artificial insemination. Among all the hybrids,the heterosis ranged from –11.37%(UA1×UA2) to 20.53%(UA3×SIN) with an average of 0.953%. The results showed that more than half of the hybrids(51.85%) have negative heterosis for survival rate, but most of the hybrids with positive heterosis have high estimates. The high proportion of negative heterosis for survival rate reminders us that the survival trait also should be considered in the crossbreeding program to avoid yield decrease. However, high positive heterosis manifested in most of the hybrids for survival indicates the usefulness of these hybrids for improving the survival to obtain higher yield by crossbreeding in this breeding program. The heritability estimate for pond survival was 0.092±0.043 when genetic groups were included in the pedigree, and it was significantly different from zero(P0.05). The results from this study also indicated that significant improvement for survival is possible through selection in L. vannamei.     

中国沿海多鳞四指马鲅(Eleutheronema rhadinum)与四指马鲅(E. tridactylum)形态与遗传位点差异分析

多鳞四指马鲅(Eleutheronema rhadinum)与四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tridactylum)是四指马鲅属(Eleutheronema)中的名贵经济鱼类,具有良好的养殖开发前景。本文对中国沿海多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅群体的26个形态特征值进行了多变量比较分析,提取了7个主成分,累计贡献率达到91.112%,前三个主成分贡献率分别为28.759%、21.467%、15.469%。多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅形态差异主要体现在头背部、尾柄部、背腹轴及头尾轴的特征。利用4个形态学参数建立了2群体判别公式,综合判别准确率高达100%,可作为多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅物种资源的初步判定方法。另外,利用简化基因组测序开发出多鳞四指马鲅与四指马鲅SNP标记69207个、In Del标记12884个,丰富了四指马鲅属鱼类遗传结构研究数据。本研究为进一步开展四指马鲅数属物种资源评估与保护、选育、功能基因研究提供基础资料。     

威海南部近岸泥质区晚更新世以来的沉积环境演化

对威海南部近岸泥质区WHZK01钻孔(孔深25.1 m)岩心开展粒度分析、AMS14C和光释光(OSL)年代学测试,结合地震地层特征以及周边钻孔对比,建立了晚更新世晚期以来的地层框架,揭示出该地区主要经历了3个阶段的演化过程:(1)氧同位素3期晚期(MIS3a)的河流沉积,水动力环境动荡;(2)氧同位素1期(MIS1)早期河漫滩与河口湾沉积,动力环境总体较弱;(3)全新世滨海-浅海沉积,沉积环境弱而稳定。海平面变化是影响研究区晚更新世以来的沉积演化的主要因素,尤其全新世高海平面以来,随着黄海暖流的形成和黄海环流格局的建立,大量黄河物质在山东半岛沿岸流作用下输运到研究区,使得威海近岸泥质区得以快速发育。