南海北部冬季和夏季逆风流机制初探Ⅱ.季风逆风流产生机制

分析讨论了季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦在产生季风逆风流的必要条件和间接逆风流诊断判据中的作用；应用季风逆风流必要条件和间接逆风流诊断判据，解释冬季风和夏季风逆风流是如何产生的。结果表明：季风风应力是产生季风逆风流的主导因素；冬季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦三者联合作用导致表层海水在大陆坡上产生辐合生成高水位带和高动力高度带，在大陆被北侧产生NE向的冬季逆风流，南侧产生SW向顺风流；夏季风风应力、大陆坡地形及底摩擦三者联合作用导致表层海水在大陆坡上产生辐散生成低水位带和低动力高度带，在大陆被北侧产生SW向的夏季逆风流，南侧产生NE向的顺风流；冬季风盛行期间，风致经巴士海峡流入南海的黑潮水，将加速冬季逆风流的形成，加大冬季逆风流的强度；夏季风盛行期间，风应力的作用使巴上海峡以东的黑潮水不能进入南海，即使别的原因令巴上海峡以东的黑潮水流入南海，但高温、高盐的黑潮水对夏季逆风流具有阻扼作用。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF TIDAL FLATS OF THE ZHUJIANG RIVER MOUTH

The intertidal zone of the Zhujiang River mouth tidal flat is about 570,000 mu in total, and the tidal flat of the subtidal zone (shallower than -2 m of the Huanghai Sea base level) is 560,000 mu. The two types, silty mud and argillaceous silt, are predominant in the tidal flat area, which can be divided into five types in terms of origin: 1) river mouth sand spit-subaqueous natural levee type; 2) river mouth bar type; 3) bay head type; 4) around the island type; and 5) marginal flat type. The tidal flat of the Zhujiang River mouth belongs to the depositional type and is constantly accumulating silt while extending, with an average land formation of 8,940 mu/yr in 97 years (1883-1980).     

基于PHC3.0数据集的北冰洋水团分析

基于PHC3.0极地科学中心水文气候数据集(简称PHC3.0数据集)的温度和盐度资料,使用聚类分析和Bayes判别分析的方法,对北纬70°以北海域的水团结构进行了分析,在北冰洋区域划分出4个水团:北冰洋表层水(ASW)、大西洋中层水(AIW)、太平洋水(PW)和北冰洋深层水(ADW)。北冰洋表层水(ASW)遍布于欧亚海盆和加拿大海盆,以低温低盐为特征。大西洋中层水(AIW)位于约200～900m深度,在北冰洋环极边界流的作用下,其影响可达到加拿大海盆。太平洋水(PW)受经白令海峡进入北冰洋的海水影响,相对高温低盐,夏季时影响显著。北冰洋深层水(ADW)在海盆中相当均匀,几乎没有季节变化,盐度约在34.95psu,温度在加拿大海盆约为-0.3℃,欧亚海盆约为-0.7℃。     

滨海湿地咸水冲淡驱动机理

海陆界面水体相互作用研究是当代国际海岸带生态水文学的热点。滨海湿地的生态水文环境脆弱,浅层地下水及盐度梯度变化对其生长和发育起着控制作用。咸水冲淡驱动力主要是地下水动力作用、盐度驱动下的水化学运动作用和海洋潮汐作用的叠加效应。通过国内外学者近30年的研究成果分析了滨海湿地咸水冲淡研究程度及进展情况,认为掌握咸水冲淡驱动机理及水盐运移行为,对于合理选择相应有效的滨海湿地保护和水文修复措施是十分重要的。国际上已有的相关研究较多,而国内相关研究相对较少。     

共反射面元叠加技术在南海北部莺—琼盆地中的应用

随着莺—琼盆地油气勘探开发的不断深入,2 700 m以下的中深层地震资料品质迫切需要提高,而改善信噪比提高成像质量则是需要深入研究的重点内容之一。基于共反射面元(CRS)叠加在改善中深层地震资料信噪比方面具有理论和技术应用优势,由于考虑了反射层的局部特征和第一菲涅耳带内的全部反射,对复杂地质问题的适应性得以增强,真正实现了高信噪比叠加,从而改善中深层低信噪比区的成像质量。通过理论研究分析、模型试处理及莺—琼盆地实际地震资料处理中具体的应用与试验,取得了明显的效果,即该区中深层地震资料信噪比显著增强,大大提高了解释的可靠程度。总之,共反射面元叠加技术在莺—琼盆地具有较高的推广应用价值。     

条斑紫菜低覆盖度基因组草图分析

对条斑紫菜（Porphyra yezoensis）进行Solexa高通量测序,获得低覆盖度全基因组草图。该基因组草图大小约220Mbp,GC质量分数53．08％;包含26629个预测基因,其中16409个基因具有内含子,平均每个基因含2．22个内含子;基因结构分析表明具有内含子的基因平均长度为2214bp,内含子平均大...     

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IN CALCULATION OF KUROSHIO CURRENT

We establish the equations of finite element approximation for three-dimensional ocean current and calculate the Kuroshio current in the eastern sea area off Taiwan Province. The interpolation error of finite element approximation is given as Eq. (3. 14).     

南海西沙海区5～6月份辐射通量研究--整体公式建立

将南海西沙海区2000年5～6月海面辐射通量（包括太阳短波辐射、海面反射辐射、大气逆辐射和海面长波辐射）与云量、海温、气温、水汽压等气象要素进行了对比分析,发现它们之间存在一定的相关关系,利用这些关系建立了适合于计算南海西沙海区的太阳短波辐射、大气逆辐射、海面长波辐射和海面反照度的经验公式.分析结果表明,采用本文经验公式计算的各辐射通量值与实测资料的误差较一般常用经验公式的计算误差均有不同程度的减小,计算结果与实测结果在变化趋势上也具有较好的一致性.     

底栖生物生产力现场测试系统(BCSPM)的建立及其初步实验结果

为对生态系统的健康评估及底栖生物资源的开发利用提供技术支撑,在胶州湾筏式养殖水域,建立了底栖生物生产力现场测试系统(BCSPM),并在光照和黑暗条件下测定了沉积物海水界面溶解氧随时间的变化、计算了氧通量、估算了底栖总初级生产力和群落呼吸。在光照较强的中午时刻测定的群落总生产力为20．76mgCm^-2h^-1;养殖水域沉积物中的群落呼吸要高于邻近水域。BCSPM整体运转良好,初步结果为系统的改进和进一步实验提供了依据。     

A three-dimensional model study on ocean dynamic response to traveling cyclone over the Huanghai Sea

On the basis of numerical simulation of the mean circulation and relevant thermal-salinity fields in June with a three-dimensional ocean model (ECOM-si), the model outputs are used as first guess of initial fields for numerical integration of the model equations and the numerical results are applied to investigating the dynamical responses of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea (HECS) in the course of a weak land-to-sea cyclone‘s passage over the Huanghai Sea on 15-16 June 1999. Predominance of the dynamic impact of cyclone over the thermal one in June in the HECS is justified using observations and model simulations.The cyclone and its surrounding weather system, i.e,, subtropical high ridge to its south could influence current and thermal fields in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea even though the intensity of cyclone was rather weak. The response of oceanic currents to the wind stresses driven by the cyclone and its southern subtropical high were strongly characterized by the wind drift with its extent of equivalent scale of cyclone in the horizontal and of Ekman layer in the vertical. The sea response at a given site was closely related to the transient local wind speed and direction,especially was sensitive to the local wind direction,which is demonstrated at three points locating at the southern and western Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea. So the sea responses at locations differed considerably from one another. Current responded to the wind stress in a simple way:directly to the wind-driven current and subsequent gradient current and slope current, etc., whereas sea temperature responded to the wind stress in two ways: directly to the cyclone-induced cooling and indirectly to water movements both in the horizontal and the vertical by the cyclone‘ s wind stress. So the sea temperature variation under the influence of cyclone was more complicate than the current. The HECS in response to the cyclone and its ambient weather system was likely to be a fast process and such a response could last at least for more than 1d. Current increased with the duration of wind stress exerted on the surface and decreased with the increasing depth. Affected by the cyclone, the maximum sea surface temperature decreased by almost 1.6℃ during the 24h cyclone.