辽宁齐大山铁矿元素地球化学特征

齐大山铁矿大地构造上属于华北地台辽东台背斜的西部.其铁矿层产于鞍山群樱桃园岩组,含矿建造为砂质泥岩-泥岩建造（阿尔戈马型）,变质相为绿片岩相.通过稀土元素地球化学研究,铁矿石表现为轻稀土富集,LREE/HREE比值平均为3.43.围岩表现为重稀土略富集,LREE/HREE比值平均为0.97.铁矿石和围岩稀土元素原始地幔标准化值显示铁矿石稀土元素整体具有弱的正铕异常（δEu为1.03~1.50）,Ce无明显的正负异常（δCe为0.54~1.15）,这与海底喷气沉积产物的特征一致.围岩中无明显Eu异常,平均为1.16.δCe的范围为0.18~1.01,相对比较稳定.这些特征显示属于早前寒武纪海洋化学沉积的产物,表明矿物大地构造背景为大洋岛弧,物源区类型为未切割的岩浆弧.     

额济纳旗灰石山东北铌多金属矿床成矿规律及成因浅析

通过对灰石山东北铌多金属矿床地质特征综合分析表明,矿床的产出受地层和构造的双重制约。矿区的二叠系双堡塘组是矿源层,矿体具有明显的层位控制性;北东东向断裂构造提供了热液通道并进行了叠加改造;矿床成因类型属于沉积变质-热液叠加型。     

干湿循环作用下红土抗剪强度与微结构关系研究

针对云南红土型水库因水位升降引起库岸土体干湿循环的客观实际,研究干湿循环作用下库岸红土抗剪强度与其微结构的变化规律,揭示二者之间的内在联系,为研究红土型库岸失稳提供依据。通过红土试样的干湿循环试验,模拟水库蓄水和库水位反复升降引起的库岸红土干湿循环作用。结果表明:（1）在一定初始干密度条件下,红土的黏聚力、内摩擦角和抗剪强度均随干湿循环次数的增加而非线性减小,但在干湿循环次数约10次时趋于稳定。（2）干湿循环作用导致红土微结构发生变化。当初始干密度分别为1.2,1.3,1.4 g/cm3、干湿循环次数达10次时,试样红土颗粒数量降幅依次为45.4%,38.2%,35.7%;孔隙率增幅依次为52.6%,45.9%,40.4%;孔隙面积增幅依次为64.4%,58.2%,50.8%。（3）在干湿循环作用下,红土黏聚力与红土颗粒的定向度和平均圆形度呈正相关关系,相关系数R分别为0.985和0.923。内摩擦角与孔隙率和孔隙面积呈反相关关系,相关系数R分别为-0.936和-0.912。干湿循环作用导致红土微结构的改变,从而引起红土宏观力学性质的变化。     

常用锂同位素地质标准物质的多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱分析研究

锂同位素研究是非传统稳定同位素地球化学研究的前沿,已广泛应用于从地表到地幔的岩石圈及流体等固体地球科学的研究领域。准确测定锂同位素比值是应用该同位素体系的前提。本文报道了国际上7种常用地质标准物质(BHVO-2、JB-2、BCR-2、AGV-2、NKT-1、L-SVEC、IRMM-016)的锂同位素组成数据。分析中采用硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸消解岩石标准样品,通过3根阳离子交换树脂(AG50W-X8,200~400目)填充的聚丙烯交换柱和石英交换柱对锂进行分离富集,利用Neptune型多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICPMS)测定锂同位素比值,使用标准-样品交叉法(SSB)校正仪器的质量分馏。实验得到这7种常用地质标准物质的锂同位素组成与测试精度(2SD)分别为:δ7LiBHVO-2—L-SVEC=4.7‰±1.0‰(n=53),δ7LiJB-2—L-SVEC=4.9‰±1.0‰(n=20),δ7LiBCR-2—L-SVEC=4.4‰±0.8‰(n=8),δ7LiAGV-2—L-SVEC=6.1‰±0.4‰(n=14),δ7LiNKT-1—L-SVEC=9.8‰±0.2‰(n=3),δ7LiL-SVEC—L-SVEC=-0.3‰±0.3‰(n=10),δ7LiIRMM-016—L-SVEC=0.0‰±0.5‰(n=10),这些数据在误差范围内与国际上已发表的数据一致。Li同位素分析精度可以达到大约0.5‰,长期的分析精度即外部重现性≤±1.0‰,达到了国际同类实验室水平。7种常用地质标准物质的锂同位素组成数据的发表为锂同位素研究提供了统一的标准,使地质样品的锂同位素数据的质量监控成为可能。在基质效应的研究中,使用不同量的IRMM-016配制的标准溶液过柱,深入探讨了样品量对锂同位素测定值的影响,结果表明,在现有测试精度下,只要分析样品的锂含量达到100μg/L,且不超过树脂的承载量,样品的锂同位素组成在误差范围内与真值吻合,样品量的大小不影响锂同位素测定结果的准确性。     

Average Annual Temperature Changes in the Holocene in China

In 1876 Blytt proposed a post-glacial climatic classification, maintaining that the then temperature fluctuated 1- 2℃ higher or lower than that today. Lamb (1969) held that in Europe " the axis of the subtropical high pressure belt was generally displaced north by about 10° latitudes" during the Hypsithermal and that the temperature was three to six times higher than that in the postglacial period.In China, there appear relict beachrocks (living fossils) in tropical tidal zones from the Bohai Bay (40° N) to coastal areas in South China. Many relict tropical marine fossils were discovered, such as Ostrea gigas in Tianjin (which is larger than that found today in Hainan), Placuna placenta in Zhejiang and Spondylus sp. in Fujian. In Hebei, Henan and Zhejiang provinces and Guilin of Guangxi, such tropical fossil animals as Elephas maximus and Rhinoceros sp, were discovered, and in Hebei and Jiangsu provinces such fresh water fossils as Unio douglasiae were found. Their living species are still seen in So     

Seismic random noise attenuation by time-frequency peak filtering based on joint time-frequency distribution

Time-Frequency Peak Filtering (TFPF) is an effective method to eliminate pervasive random noise when seismic signals are analyzed. In conventional TFPF, the pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution (PWVD) is used for estimating instantaneous frequency (IF), but is sensitive to noise interferences that mask the borderline between signal and noise and detract the energy concentration on the IF curve. This leads to the deviation of the peaks of the pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution from the instantaneous frequency, which is the cause of undesirable lateral oscillations as well as of amplitude attenuation of the highly varying seismic signal, and ultimately of the biased seismic signal. With the purpose to overcome greatly these drawbacks and increase the signal-to-noise ratio, we propose in this paper a TFPF refinement that is based upon the joint time-frequency distribution (JTFD). The joint time-frequency distribution is obtained by the combination of the PWVD and smooth PWVD (SPWVD). First we use SPWVD to generate a broad time-frequency area of the signal. Then this area is filtered with a step function to remove some divergent time-frequency points. Finally, the joint time-frequency distribution JTFD is obtained from PWVD weighted by this filtered distribution. The objective pursued with all these operations is to reduce the effects of the interferences and enhance the energy concentration around the IF of the signal in the time-frequency domain. Experiments with synthetic and real seismic data demonstrate that TFPF based on the joint time-frequency distribution can effectively suppress strong random noise and preserve events of interest.     

Geology of the Yap Trench: new observations from a transect near 10°N from manned submersible Jiaolong

This paper describes the petrology and geochemistry of rocks from the Yap Trench acquired by three dives of the Jiaolong research submarine. Combining the geophysical data and submersible observations, this paper describes the geomorphology, shallow structures, and sedimentology of the Yap Trench and further discusses the tectonics and activities of this region. Two obvious slope breaks are found on the landward slope, and horsts and grabens with small fault offsets are observed in the ocean-ward slope of the trench. Peridotites sampled from the Yap Trench inner wall are highly depleted subduction-related mantle residues. Volcanic rocks in the northern segment of the trench have subduction-related characteristics that Yap fore-arc rocks underwent metasomatism during Cenozoic subduction. The rocks with remarkable lithologic difference from lithospheric mantle and upper crust sampled in the break slopes suggest that the slope break area may represent a lithologic boundary or transition zone. The landward slope of the Yap Trench was removed by subduction erosion as a result of collision with the Caroline Ridge. The bending of the down-going plate caused normal faults, horsts, and grabens with little or no sediments indicating that the Caroline Ridge is subducting beneath the Yap arc along the trench even though the convergence rate is very slow.     

长白山苔原带土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征

土壤温度与土壤肥力的分解释放、植被生长密切相关。利用2015年8月至2017年6月长白山西坡苔原带5 cm土壤温度并测试其土壤肥力,分析了土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征及土壤温度对苔原带肥力的影响。结果表明：（1）长白山西坡苔原带土壤最热月为8月,最冷月为1、2月。长白山西坡苔原带土壤年均温随海拔的升高而下降,垂直变化率为-0.44℃·（100m）^-1。月均温垂直变化率则有所差别,5-9月垂直变化率为正,其余月份垂直变化率为负。（2）海拔是土壤温度空间分异的主要影响因素,冷季土壤温度随海拔升高而显著降低。随着海拔升高,越稀疏的植被和越薄的土层使得土壤热容量越小,暖季土壤温度随海拔升高而显著升高。（3）长白山西坡苔原带土壤肥力,尤其是与植物生长关系密切的速效养分随海拔升高表现出先升高再降低,在植物多样性和丰富度及草本植物盖度最高的2 250 m处达到土壤肥力最高水平。低海拔（2 050~2 250 m）的土壤肥力水平明显高于高海拔（2 350~2 550 m）的土壤肥力水平。西坡苔原带土壤肥力的空间分异状况受草本植物入侵影响较大。（4）长白山西坡苔原带土壤肥力水平随土壤温度升高而升高,温度是土壤有机质分解和矿物质养分转化的限制性因素。建议山地苔原带生态系统生产和生态管理中要重点考虑草本植被入侵给土壤肥力带来的影响。     

水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的非线性有限元分析

导管架平台桩基础的控制荷载主要为风荷载、波浪荷载、地震荷载等水平荷载,为研究水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的承载特性,采用非线性有限元分析方法对水平荷载下桩-土之间的相互作用进行研究,提出了有效模拟桩基水平承载特性的有限元模型,分析了模型桩的刚度、直径、土质参数中水平土压力系数、剪胀角对桩基承载特性的影响及水平荷载下群桩承载特性,并将有限元计算结果与API规范及模型试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,非线性有限元分析方法分析水平荷载下桩-土相互作用是可行的,计算结果可为导管架平台的桩基设计提供参考。     

新的构造控矿类型——螺旋构造控矿

概括天宝山新兴角砾岩筒铅锌矿,山东七宝火山岩型金矿,安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿,辽宁簸箕山磷矿,辽宁清源红透山铜(锌)矿等构造控矿实例的解读,表明它们可建立一种新的构造控矿类型——螺旋构造控矿。受幔团螺旋运动上冲的地幔热柱多级浸演化的幔枝构造制约。