基于偏正态概率分布的粒度分布次总体分离及其沉积环境指示意义

沉积物颗粒是某种沉积环境和水动力条件下多个沉积过程的最终产物。粒度分布是原始沉积信息的载体,是来自不同沉积过程的多个次总体的叠加,频率曲线可能表现为双峰或者多峰特征。传统的沉积学粒度分析方法并未深入研究次总体;常见的概率分布模型在分离次总体后无法全面计算统计参数。本文以214份鄱阳湖现代沉积物的粒度分布数据为例,利用偏正态概率分布模型共分离提取977个次总体,计算各个次总体的统计参数,并对比分析了不同沉积环境中次总体参数的异同。结果表明：① 次总体均值、方差、偏度、峰度、所占百分比和最大频率等参数规律明显;② 从曲流河河道到河流末端、在河流末端顺流方向上和河道左右两侧远离河道方向上,粒度分布中主要次总体粒度均值逐渐减小,河道间洼地和湖区沉积物粒度分布的各个次总体占比接近;③ 江心洲的河道砂和河漫滩细粒粒度分布分别由3种和5种不同类型次总体组成。该方法可为沉积环境的定量判断和沉积过程的定量研究提供参考。     

Numerical analyses of uplift behavior of pile foundation for transmission line structure in frozen soil regions北大核心CSCD

Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

内蒙古中部西乌旗晚石炭世辉长岩-花岗岩系列:岩石成因与地球动力学意义SCIEI北大核心CSCD

辉长岩和花岗岩组成的双峰式火成岩系列通常产出于威尔逊板块构造旋回的诸多伸展周期。基于其岩石地球化学特征示踪伸展地球动力学过程与相关壳幔相互作用的独特视角,本文报道了中亚造山带东段内蒙古中部西乌旗地区新近识别的晚石炭世猴头庙辉长岩-花岗岩系列。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年揭示辉长岩和花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为~307Ma和~305Ma。辉长岩主要由斜长石、辉石和角闪石组成;SiO 2含量介于50.4%~53.4%之间,呈现镁质、准铝质和钙碱性特征;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;并具有OIB型全岩Sr-Nd(I Sr(t)=0.704249~0.704330,εNd(t)=+1.73~+3.81)和锆石Hf(εHf(t)=+4.58~+15.16)同位素组成,其锆石δ18 O介于5.75‰~6.61‰之间。这些特征指示辉长岩可能源于俯冲板片流体交代的亏损地幔楔部分熔融。同期花岗岩主要由斜长石、钾长石、石英和黑云母组成;其SiO 2含量变化于76.3%~77.6%,高硅碱、贫铁镁、弱过铝、富钍铀、亏锶钡、Eu负异常,契合典型高分异I型花岗岩的元素地球化学特征;花岗岩具有中等放射性成因的全岩I Sr(t)(0.704923~0.704981)、εNd(t)值(-0.15~+0.57)和锆石εHf(t)值(-2.63~+7.40),以及高的锆石δ18 O(6.44‰~8.06‰)。鉴于元素和同位素特征指示的高分异特征和高演化源区,猴头庙高硅花岗岩可能衍生自中元古代和古生代多期增生物质所组成的复合中基性地壳的部分熔融及其后的结晶分异作用。综合区域石炭纪-早二叠世蛇绿混杂岩和岛弧岩浆岩时空展布格局,晚石炭世猴头庙辉长岩-花岗岩系列记录了内蒙古中部其时因洋脊俯冲引发的弥散性区域伸展事件。一方面,该事件既有别于建造西乌旗早-中石炭世弧-盆体系的板片回退阶段,又迥异于早二叠世大规模后碰撞伸展过程;另一方面,这些周期性伸展事件共同见证了中亚造山带东段晚古生代威尔逊造山旋回的完整历程。     

中线调水前汉江中下游水量和水质本底特性及变化趋势分析

为研究南水北调中线工程调水前,汉江中下游的水量和水质本底特性及变化趋势,选择汉江中下游6个水文站及4个水质观测断面,采用数理统计、Mann-Kendall检验和Spearman秩次检验法,分别从水量和水质两个方面进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)对比分析历史长序列流量资料,1999~2013年间汉江中下游地区处于偏枯期;(2)汉江中下游水量的年际变化较大,极值比介于2.7~3.3之间。水量年内各月分配变化也较大,汛期径流量占全年的63%~66%,非汛期仅占全年的34%~37%;(3)汉江中下游地区各水文测站的年均流量序列,总体上随时间变化的趋势均不显著,但经历了1980~1990的偏丰期及1990~2013的偏枯期;(4)汉江中下游地区的水质达标情况较好,大部分年份的水质均优于III类水质标准,且水质无显著的变化趋势。     

雷山—锦屏一带清水江组软沉积构造的变形特征——远古的地震记录

通过面上地质调查,在黔东南雷山—锦屏一带的新元古代清水江组含火山碎屑之砂泥质岩层中,发现了大量软沉积物变形构造,主要有滑塌、滑移及阶梯状微断层。根据前人对形成该软沉积物变形的模拟试验成果,推断该类软沉积变形的机制与震动液化有关,其动力来源于古地震。在清水江组地层分布区,沉积物中含大量凝灰质,显示出古地震与古火山作用相伴频发之特点,这是新元古代裂谷盆地在此阶段构造演化的响应。     

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区主要矿床类型及成矿规律

本文基于萨吾尔地区目前发育的主要矿床(点)吐尔库班套铜镍矿点、阔尔真阔腊金铜矿床、布尔克斯岱金矿床、罕哲尕能铜矿床、塔斯特金矿床、黑山头金矿点、那林卡拉铜钼矿点等的研究,分析了区域矿化类型及成矿规律。认为萨吾尔地区矿床成因类型可分为三类,岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床、斑岩型-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu-Mo矿床、与中酸性侵入岩有关的构造蚀变岩型Au矿床。矿化以Au、Cu矿化为主,Cu-Ni、Mo矿化次之。成矿时代分布在中泥盆世、早石炭世、晚石炭世,集中于早石炭世(354~336Ma)。空间上,岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床分布于萨吾尔北部科克森套地区,斑岩型-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu-Mo矿床、与中酸性侵入岩有关的构造蚀变岩型Au矿床主要分布于萨吾尔山南部。成矿构造背景分别对应于区域中泥盆世岛弧环境、早石炭世岛弧环境、晚石炭世碰撞造山后环境。区域成矿规律显示了进一步的找矿潜力:萨吾尔北部科克森套地区发育的镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床的找矿潜力;阔尔真阔腊-布尔克斯岱地区斑岩型-浅成低温热液型金铜矿床的找矿潜力;区域晚石炭世-早二叠世斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床的找矿潜力;萨吾尔断裂及其次级断裂控制范围内的Au-Cu找矿潜力。     

金华山煤矿大口径瓦斯抽排孔施工技术

为了减少煤矿瓦斯的危害以及对其综合利用,国家鼓励并大力支持大口径瓦斯抽排孔项目的建设。陕西铜川金华山煤矿一口大口径瓦斯抽排孔,孔径850 mm,终孔深度401.6 m。从钻进方法、钻具级配、钻进技术参数、冲洗液、圆孔、溜孔、井底护管安装固结、充填循环泥浆、下管、固管、透孔放水等方面详细地介绍了大口径瓦斯抽排孔小径透巷后的特殊施工工艺和相关的技术措施。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床1号矿体Pb-Zn元素三维空间变异函数模拟

会泽铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘的川滇黔铅锌成矿域中部,由矿山厂和麒麟厂2个矿段组成,具有规模大(Pb+Zn金属量超过500万t)、品位高(Pb+Zn质量分数超过25%)等特征。矿山厂矿段主要由1号矿体构成,矿石类型以氧化矿为主,已探明的Pb+Zn金属量超过100万t。变异函数模拟是反映区域化变量空间变化规律的有效手段之一。通过对矿山厂矿段1号矿体Pb、Zn元素的变异函数模拟,发现二者在走向、倾向和垂向上具有不同的基台值和变程,且数据规律显示矿体具有层控特征,这与地质特征相吻合;另外模拟还显示二者在倾向上具有较好的连续性。通过变程值的计算,当勘探网度设计为65m×145m时,即可达到较好的储量控制。