顾及运动状态改正的GNSS滑坡监测基准站切换方法

实时相对定位技术已广泛应用于高精度实时滑坡监测,其高精度定位依赖于连续稳定的基准站数据。然而基准站数据由于供电、通信等原因时常发生中断,严重影响滑坡监测结果的连续性和可靠性。本文提出顾及运动状态改正的GNSS滑坡监测基准站切换方法,首先根据待切换新基准站长期监测时间序列确定其运动状态,然后基于滑坡体变形演化规律,结合运动状态建立新基准站位移模型并定期对模型检核,最后根据新基准位移对各监测点位移进行修正。该方法成功应用于甘肃黑方台滑坡监测基准站切换,且改正后各监测站位移与真实变形接近。以改进型切线角作为滑坡预警判据,使用改正前后的监测位移-时间序列进行预警,预警结果表明,不进行改正可能导致预警的误判。本文方法针对基准站数据中断问题,通过切换新基准并对基准误差进行修正以获取连续可靠的滑坡监测序列,保障了滑坡监测的连续性和预警的及时性。     

基于计点系统模型的地下水水量脆弱性评价

根据德阳市城市规划区的实际情况,选择含水层厚度、富水性、给水度、降水入渗系数、地下水资源可开采模数等能充分反应研究区地下水系统特征的5个指标,建立地下水水量脆弱性评价指标体系,利用专家评分法获取评价指标权重体系,并用计点系统模型及GIS技术进行研究区地下水水量脆弱性综合性评价。结果显示,地下水水量脆弱性较高和高的分布面积约占全区面积的29.7%,地下水水量保护管理形势较为严峻;发现地下水水量脆弱性在地下水补给区相对较低、在排泄区相对较高。     

云南大关寿山水电站地质灾害危险性评估

在工程建设中,地质灾害的发生往往与工程周边复杂的地质环境条件密切相关,山地区域由于地质地形条件复杂,使得工程地质灾害发生的可能性和危险性大大增加.以云南大关寿山水电站为例,介绍了地质灾害评估工作的基本过程和特点,对一般水电站的地质灾害危险性评估工作具有一定的参考价值.     

早子沟金矿黄铁矿标型特征及其地质意义

早子沟金矿位于西秦岭同仁—夏河—岷县金成矿带,矿区赋矿地层为三叠纪中统古浪堤组一段细碎屑岩,中性岩脉大量发育。矿体产于地层、脉岩及其接触带中,严格受断裂构造控制。本文通过对不同期次、不同矿石类型的黄铁矿进行分布、形态、矿物组合、元素组成以及硫同位素的研究,发现不同矿石类型的黄铁矿形成于不同的深度和地质环境;主成矿期黄铁矿以五角十二面体为主,常具碎裂结构;严重亏铁亏硫,ω(Au)/ω(Ag)=5.54,ω(Co)/ω(Ni)=4.2,类似于卡林型金矿特征,又兼有岩浆型矿床的特征;矿体中黄铁矿硫同位素δ34S‰变化范围-7.43‰～-8.62‰,与围岩黄铁矿硫同位素组成接近,说明硫主要来源于沉积地层,同时由于构造活动和岩浆侵入作用对硫同位素分馏产生了一定影响,使重硫有所富集。     

河北省石家庄市南部污灌区厚层包气带污染物自然衰减的微生物作用潜力评价

本次研究的目的是利用传统的培养技术和现代的磷脂脂肪酸PLFA(Phosphor Lipid Fatty Acid)技术、Biolog技术、16 S rRNA基因变性梯度凝胶电泳DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)及测序技术,调查石家庄市南部污灌区厚近30 m包气带微生物含量、分布、活性和多样性,评价污灌区厚层包气带污染物自然衰减的微生物作用潜力。包气带沉积物样品通过岩芯钻探获得,用于物理、化学和微生物分析。结果显示,土壤层(5~20 cm)微生物含量高,活性高,代谢类型多,可培养的异养菌与自养菌、好氧异养菌、兼性厌氧异氧菌和专性厌氧异养菌共存;土壤层下伏包气带微生物含量较低,活性降低,代谢类型减少,可培养的细菌主要是好氧性异养菌、兼性厌氧异养菌和好氧自养菌,而且随岩性而变化,在砂层和重粘土层含量低,活性低,而在亚粘土层含量和活性大。研究结果指示土壤层具有很高的污染物生物自然衰减潜力,而且下伏包气带仍有这种潜力,特别是下部溶解有机碳DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon)含量高的层位潜力更大。     

新疆谢米斯台地区小岩体型矿化遥感探测

中酸性小岩体易被地质填图遗漏,严重制约了该类型矿化的发现。在新疆西准噶尔谢米斯台地区找矿工作中,首先利用ETM+数据进行小岩体扫面,进而选取重点区采用ETM+和中巴资源卫星02B HR数据进行分辨率融合后解译、识别中酸性小岩体,并利用主成分分析法提取蚀变遥感异常,结合地质、化探信息综合分析后确定重点检查区域。利用此方法共解译出14个钾质花岗岩和3个黑云母花岗岩小岩体,这些小岩体大多被野外检查所证实。经野外检查发现了5处铜、金矿化点,证实了该方法的有效性。本研究中采用的方法可以为西部地区地质填图和中酸性小岩体型矿产资源勘查提供借鉴。     

山东省海岸带城市建设面临的地质环境因素浅析

通过对山东省海岸带城市地质环境条件的调查与研究,归纳总结出山东省海岸带城市建设新近面临的影响城市发展的地质环境因素,即城市应急水源地建设、城市地下空间的开发、城市边缘区生态规划建设、湿地资源开发与保护,均是制约城市发展的主要因素,并提出了保护措施和建议,供有关部门在城市规划建设过程中参考。     

Precise and Accurate In Situ Determination of Lead Isotope Ratios in NIST,USGS, MPI‐DING and CGSG Glass Reference Materials using Femtosecond Laser Ablation MC‐ICP‐MS

Lead isotope ratio data were obtained with good precision and accuracy using a 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation (fLA) system connected to a multi‐collector ICP‐MS (MC‐ICP‐MS) and through careful control of analytical procedures. The mass fractionation coefficient induced by 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation was approximately 28% lower than that by 193 nm excimer laser ablation (eLA) with helium carrier gas. The exponential law correction method for Tl normalisation with optimum adjusted Tl ratio was utilised to obtain Pb isotopic data with good precision and accuracy. The Pb isotopic ratios of the glass reference materials NIST SRM 610, 612, 614; USGS BHVO‐2G, BCR‐2G, GSD‐1G, BIR‐1G; and MPI‐DING GOR132‐G, KL2‐G, T1‐G, StHs60/80‐G, ATHO‐G and ML3B‐G were determined using fLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The measured Pb isotopic ratios were in good agreement with the reference or published values within 2s measurement uncertainties. We also present the first high‐precision Pb isotopic data for GSE‐1G, GSC‐1G, GSA‐1G and CGSG‐1, CGSG‐2, CGSG‐4 and CGSG‐5 glass reference materials obtained using the femtosecond laser ablation MC‐ICP‐MS analysis technique.     

降雨入渗补给地下水数值模拟研究

针对在地下水资源评价中入渗补给量采用经验估算存在较大误差的问题,以神东矿区为例,在广泛调查矿区包气带岩性结构并结合野外取样、室内参数测定的基础上,采用数值模拟的方法建立包气带水分运移数值模拟模型,定量模拟矿区内不同地段降雨入渗强度,探讨影响降雨入渗强度的主要因素,计算得出研究区降雨入渗系数大致在0.18~0.27,分析认为影响降雨入渗强度的因素有降雨量、潜水埋深、包气带岩性等。其中在研究区广泛分布的风积沙对地下水资源起到了一定的保护作用。     

Predicting lake water quality responses to load reduction: a three-dimensional modeling approach for total maximum daily load

Water quality restoration efforts often suffer the risk of ineffectiveness and failure due to lack of quantitative decision supports. During the past two decades, the restoration of one of China’s most heavily polluted lakes, Lake Dianchi, has experienced costly decision ineffectiveness with no detectable water quality improvement. The governments are planning to invest tremendous amount of funds in the next 5 years to continue the lake restoration process; however, without a quantitative understanding between the load reduction and the response in lake water quality, it is highly possible that these planned efforts would suffer the similar ineffectiveness as before. To provide scientifically sound decision support for guiding future load reduction efforts in Lake Dianchi Watershed, a sophisticated quantitative cause-and-effect response system was developed using a three-dimensional modeling approach. It incorporates the complex three dimensional hydrodynamics, fate and transport of nutrients, as well as nutrient-algae interactions into one holistic framework. The model results show that the model performs well in reproducing the observed spatial pattern and temporal trends in water quality. The model was then applied to three total maximum daily load scenarios and two refined restoration scheme scenarios to quantify phytoplankton responses to various external load reduction intensities. The results show that the algal bloom in Lake Dianchi responds to load reduction in a complex and nonlinear way, therefore, it is necessary to apply the developed system for future load reduction and lake restoration schemes for more informed decision making and effective management.