Crucial physical characteristics of sea ice in the Arctic section of 143°–180°W during August and early September 2008

Sea-ice physical characteristics were investigated in the Arctic section of 143°-180°W during August and early September 2008. Ship-based observations show that both the sea-ice thickness and concentration recorded during southward navigation from 30 August to 6 September were remarkably less than those recorded during northward navigation from 3 to 30 August, especially at low latitudes. Accordingly, the marginal ice zone moved from about 74.0°N to about 79.5°N from mid-August to early September. Melt-pond coverage increased with increasing latitude, peaking at 84.4°N, where about 27% of ice was covered by melt ponds. Above this latitude, melt-pond coverage decreased evidently as the ice at high latitudes experienced a relatively short melt season and commenced its growth stage by the end of August. Regional mean ice thickness increased from 0.8 (±0.5) m at 75.0°N to 1.5 (±0.4) m at 85.0°N along the northward navigation while it decreased rapidly to 0.6 (±0.3) m at 78.0°N along the southward navigation. Because of relatively low ice concentration and thin ice in the investigated Arctic sector, both the short-term ice stations and ice camp could only be set up over multiyear sea ice. Observations of ice properties based on ice cores collected at the short-term ice stations and the ice camp show that all investigated floes were essentially isothermal with high temperature and porosity, and low density and salinity. Most ices had salinity below 2 and mean density of 800-860 kg/m~3 . Significant ice loss in the investigated Arctic sector during the last 15 a can be identified by comparison with the previous observations.     

2003年北黄海5.1级地震的地震活动特征

对2003年北黄海5．1级地震的地震活动背景、地震序列、震中周围中小地震活动图像及地震学参数等进行了详细分析。认为该次地震为前-主-余型，经历了一个活跃-平静-发震的过程；地震前震中附近出现了孕震空区和一些地震活动性参数异常。     

2011年初湖南暴雪过程的成因和数值模拟分析

利用多种观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2011年1月1720日湖南一次大范围暴雪过程进行了诊断分析,并使用WRF模式对其云微物理特征及降水相态转换机制进行数值模拟,旨在探讨本次强雨雪过程降水相态变化和暴雪形成及其发展成因。结果表明：乌拉尔山前部南下的冷空气与来自孟加拉湾及南海的暖湿气流在湖南长时间交汇产生锋生强迫,在静止锋区上界形成强辐合上升运动,是湖南大范围暴雪天气持续的主要原因;强烈的上升运动和持续的水汽辐合为本次暴雪过程提供了动力、水汽条件,“冷空气楔”上爬升的暖湿气流维持时间较长,是持续性大范围暴雪产生的重要热力条件;WRF模式能较好地模拟降雪量级及强降雪落区。雪粒子的产生和发展不仅与液水比含量大小有关,还与其上空冰晶的含量及分布密切相关,雪的凝华增长、冰晶向雪的自动转化和雨水与雪碰并成雪可能是本次降雪发生、发展最主要的物理过程,冰雪粒子大值中心及强上升运动区对预报强降雪带位置有较好的指示作用。     

饲料中不同糖源对皱纹盘鲍体脂组成的影响

采用单因素实验设计研究饲料中分别添加6种不同糖源(糊精、糊化小麦淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和马铃薯淀粉)对皱纹盘鲍甘油三酯、胆固醇及脂肪酸含量的影响.实验共设6个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养30只鲍,壳长:(29.98±0.09)mm,体重:(3.42±0.02)g;在水温18～20 ℃的循环水系统中进行为期24周的养殖实验.结果表明,摄食糊精、糊化小麦淀粉和小麦淀粉组鲍血清甘油三酯含量显著高于玉米淀粉组(P<0.05),摄食糊精和糊化小麦淀粉组鲍血清胆固醇含量显著高于玉米淀粉组(P<0.05).摄食玉米淀粉组鲍肝胰脏中饱和脂肪酸C16∶0含量显著低于小麦淀粉、木薯淀粉和马铃薯淀粉组(P<0.05);肌肉和肝胰脏中饱和脂肪酸C18∶0含量在摄食糊精组鲍中最低;肌肉C18∶3n-3含量在摄食木薯和马铃薯淀粉组鲍中最低并显著低于其他饲料组(P<0.05),而肝胰脏C18∶3n-3含量则在摄食糊精和糊化小麦淀粉组鲍中最低;摄食糊精组鲍肌肉C20∶4n-6含量显著低于小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和马铃薯淀粉组(P<0.05),摄食糊化小麦淀粉组鲍肝胰脏C20∶4n-6含量显著低于玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和马铃薯淀粉组(P<0.05);肌肉C22∶6n-3含量在摄食糊精和糊化小麦淀粉组鲍中显著低于小麦淀粉和马铃薯淀粉组(P<0.05).总体来说,皱纹盘鲍摄食结构相对简单的糖源(糊精、糊化小麦淀粉和小麦淀粉)能够增加血清甘油三酯和胆固醇的含量,以淀粉为来源的多糖(小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和马铃薯淀粉)使鲍体多不饱和脂肪酸含量升高.     

基于煤矿“先抽后建”及资源开发的煤层气地面井位抽采部署及应用

针对目前煤矿\     

箱式超大型浮体在非均匀海洋环境下的水弹性试验

超大型浮体(Very Large foating Structure,VLFS)作为人类开发海洋的前沿基地,正在成为世界各国海洋工程界研究的一个热点。由于超大型浮体覆盖的面积比普通的船舶和海洋结构物要大很多,其首尾两端所处的海洋环境可能有显著的差异,因此必须考虑非均匀海洋环境对其水弹性性能的影响。介绍了国内首次进行的箱式超大型浮体在非均匀海洋环境中的水弹性试验,对非均匀海洋环境、超大型浮体的水弹性性能以及两者相互之间的关系进行了研究。     

Intercomparison of CRA-Interim Precipitation Products with ERA5 and JRA-55

By using the hourly data from surface meteorological stations in China, the 3-hour precipitation data from CRA-Interim (Chinese Reanalysis-Interim), ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis 5) and JRA-55 (Japanese Reanalysis-55) are compared, both on the spatial-temporal distributions and on bias with observation precipitation in China. The results show that: (1) The three sets of reanalysis datasets can all reflect the basic spatial distribution characteristics of annual average precipitation in China. The simulation of topographic forced precipitation in complex terrain by CRA-interim is more detailed, while CRA-interim has larger negative bias in central and East China, and larger positive bias in southwest China. (2) In terms of seasonal precipitation, the three sets of reanalysis datasets overestimate the precipitation in the heavy rainfall zone of spring and summer, especially in southwest China. CRA interim’s location of the rain belt in the First Rainy Season in South China is west by south, the summer precipitation has positive bias in southwest and South China. (3) All of the reanalysis datasets can basically reflect the distribution difference of inter-annual variation of drought and flood, but the overall the CRA-Interim generally shows negative bias, while the ERA5 and JRA-55 exhibit positive bias. (4) For the diurnal variation of precipitation in summer, all the reanalysis datasets perform better in simulating the daytime precipitation than in the night, and bias of CRA-interim is less in southeast and northeast than elsewhere. (5) ERA5 generally performs the best on the evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecast, the JRA-55 is the next, followed by the CRA-Interim. CRA-Interim has higher missing rate and lower threat score for heavy rains; however, at the level of downpour, the CRA-Interim performs slightly better.     

中国近海藻毒素及有毒微藻产毒原因种调查研究进展

麻痹性贝类毒素在我国近海污染问题已十分突出,基本呈现逐年加剧的趋势。20世纪90年代,南海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重; 21世纪初,北黄海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重;近几年,渤海和福建近海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重;可产生麻痹性贝类毒素的微藻有亚历山大藻和裸甲藻等。采用小鼠生物法检测我国近海腹泻性贝类毒素超标率32%左右,采用液相色谱/质谱法检测,仅有3起超标的研究报道;现行小鼠生物法检测腹泻性贝类毒素假阳性问题十分突出,应尽快废除;腹泻性贝类毒素均是脂溶性的,脂溶性海洋生物毒素在我国近海常年可检出,偶有虾夷扇贝毒素和鳍藻毒素超标现象。可产生脂溶性毒素微藻有鳍藻和原甲藻及网状原角藻等。失忆性贝类毒素在我国近海常有检出,但无超标现象;产毒微藻有拟菱形藻等。西加鱼毒素在我国南海污染较重,但毒素标准物质的匮乏,限制了西加鱼毒素的调查研究;至今尚未确定产生西加鱼毒素的微藻。酶联免疫吸附法和液相色谱串联质谱法相结合已成为藻毒素快速准确检测成熟的技术,逐渐代替小鼠生物法和液相色谱法。     

应用多光谱ASTER数据对ETM遥感异常的定性判别研究——以东昆仑五龙沟为例

文中讨论了新的找矿参数——蚀变遥感异常的地质基础和光谱前提,在矿床地质学和蚀变矿物光谱参数特征的基础上,编制了一张用于遥感异常提取及对其地质解释的表格。ETM遥感异常提取技术已在全国推广,ASTER数据可以在三个方面对已推广的ETM起到重要的补充作用：1.利用短波红外增设的波段,对某些矿致异常区分其矿化（矿床）类型;2.利用增设的热红外波段区分某些岩性;3.可有助于解决ETM因第7波段太宽而产生的许多疑难问题。本文以东昆仑五龙沟为例讨论了ASTER对于解决ETM遥感异常性质判别困难方面的作用。     

Jason-2测高卫星对湖泊水位的监测精度评价

湖泊水位是评估湖泊水量变化的重要指标。本文以洪泽湖、高邮湖及洞庭湖为研究对象,利用集中度的概率密度函数方法(CPDF)来提高Jason-2测高数据精度,分析了降水量与各个湖泊水位变化的相关性,并基于实测水位数据对比评价了Jason-2测高卫星原始GDR数据和CPDF方法处理后的卫星数据的精度。结果表明:①Jason-2原始GDR数据点的分布存在疏密之分,大部分数据分布相对集中,且有一定的周期变化,但评价结果显示精度较差,故原始GDR数据不能直接用于湖泊水位监测;②CPDF方法可以极大提高测高卫星的水位数据精度,洪泽湖与高邮湖的均方根误差分别由1.92 m与1.74 m减少到了0.32 m和0.36 m,相关系数由0.28和0.04提高到了0.85和0.72。对于南北宽度较窄且日水位变化较大的湖泊(如洞庭湖),CPDF方法提高原始GDR结果的精度有限;③洞庭湖降水与水位相关性最强,高邮湖次之,而洪泽湖降水与水位成不显著的负相关,是洪泽湖水利工程对于水位的调节导致了这一结果。本研究对于利用测高卫星获得湖泊水位值,进而对湖泊进行动态监控,特别是在填补资料匮乏地区湖泊水位数据方面具有重要意义。