基于分段副产物瞬时选择性的反应器网络综合

针对第三类反应体系的反应器网络综合问题,提出将串联反应以反应物到目的产物的反应步数为依据的新分段策略。通过比较不分段目的产物、不分段目的产物和中间产品、分段副产物和分段目的产物这四种不同的瞬时选择性,提出以分段副产物瞬时选择性为参数,以其对关键组分浓度或转化率的导数为依据选择各阶段最合适的反应器,以目的产物总选择性最大为目标采用遗传算法优化反应器网络。通过三个实例验证了本文所建立方法在解决复杂反应反应器网络综合问题的有效性,且本方法同样适用于简单反应体系。     

闽北近岸海域表层沉积物的风化特征及物源指示

通过对闽北近岸海域的229个表层沉积物样品和周边河流的54个表层沉积物样品进行粒度和常量元素测试,分析了研究区常量元素分布及粒度控制效应,并运用成分变异指数(ICV)和化学蚀变指数(CIA) 2种风化指标,结合(A-CN-K)-(A-CNK-FM)三角图,探讨了其风化特征及物源指示。研究表明,闽北近岸海域从岸向海表层沉积物粒径变粗,底质类型表现为明显的条带状,依次为泥-粉砂-砂质粉砂-砂。分析认为,形成这种条带状的主要原因是其物源及动力机制的不同,近岸主要为长江及周边河流物质输送,分布在50 m水深以浅,而在70 m以深的粗砂主要为残留沉积,50～70 m表现为过渡类型。风化程度研究表明,在空间分布上,从岸向海化学风化程度逐渐增强,70 m以深的异常区是以石英为主的残留沉积,抗风化能力强,黏土矿物含量低,表现为弱化学风化程度。长江、瓯江、闽江沉积物的风化程度表现为随着地理纬度的降低而增强,气候效应明显,研究区与长江沉积物风化趋势更为接近,所经历的形成环境最为相似,受物源效应影响。     

无舵翼水下机器人路径跟踪控制研究

针对无舵翼水下机器人的各种不同任务要求下的路径跟踪控制进行研究。通过模拟人的运动行为,建立了虚拟避碰声纳模型。根据地形跟踪的方法提出基于虚拟声纳的路径跟踪控制方法,并通过考虑纵向速度对于其他各个自由度运动的影响设计了运动控制器。通过海上试验验证了所提出的路径跟踪控制方法对于无舵翼水下机器人是可以满足实际需要的。     

锦州湾沾污沉积物急性毒性的海洋端足类检验

１９９２年９月￣１９９３年１月对锦州湾沾污沉积物的海洋端足类急性毒性效应进行了研究。从锦州湾湾顶到湾口沿西南－－东北方向每２ｋｍ等距离采集２７个表层沉积我校 品,应用海洋端足类Ａ ｍｐｅｌｉｓｃａ ａｂｄｉｔａ对这些样品进行了１０ｄ直流式急性毒性检验,检验指标为死亡率。结果表明,五里河河口处受试生物死亡率最高,为１００％,从湾顶该河口处沿东北方向随着距离增加,死亡率逐渐递减,笔架山处最低,仅为２．     

A conduit-related genesis of the Lengshuiqing intrusive assemblage (Sichuan,SW China)

Lengshuiqing is part of the late Proterozoic igneous province from the western margin of the Yangtze craton. The Lengshuiqing area comprises five ultramafic–mafic intrusions, emplaced in the late Proterozoic Yanbian Group. The intrusions from Lengshuiqing contain cumulate ultramafic zones (peridotite + olivine pyroxenite), with cumulus olivine and Cr-spinel, and intercumulus pyroxenes, hornblende, phlogopite and plagioclase. Ni–Cu ore (pyrrhotite + pentlandite + chalcopyrite) is hosted in the ultramafic zones. Olivine-free diorite–quartz diorite ± gabbro and granite zones commonly occur above the ultramafic rocks. The genesis of the intrusions (conduit-related accumulation or differentiation from stagnant magma) was investigated. The amount of sulphides in the intrusions from Lengshuiqing is one order of magnitude bigger than the sulphides that can be dissolved by a volume of mafic magma similar with the volume of the intrusions. Most intrusions from Lengshuiqing have bulk composition (peridotite ± diorite ± granite) more magnesian (MgO = 21–22%; Mg# > 78) than the deduced composition of their parental magma (MgO = 9–11%; Mg# = 64–67). This indicates the accumulation of sulphide and mafic silicates from a volume of magma much bigger than the volume of the intrusions, which can be explained by the fractionation from magma ascending through the intrusions to shallower depths. A continuous supply and vent of magma is consistent with the lack of chilled margins, the melting of the wall rocks and the generation of high-temperature mineral assemblages (K-feldspar, diopside, and sillimanite) in the Yanbian Group. The intrusions from Lengshuiqing are seen as microchambers on conduits draining olivine-, Cr-spinel-, and sulphide-bearing mafic magma from a larger staging chamber.     

青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)TLR2基因的克隆与表达分析

利用转录组文库分析得到青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)的Toll样受体2(Toll-like receptor 2,TLR2)基因序列,采用荧光定量PCR法分析该基因的表达过程。结果显示,青蛤TLR2基因的cDNA开放阅读框为2082bp,编码693个氨基酸,具典型的LRRs、单次跨膜区和TIR结构域。该基因在血淋巴中的表达量最高,与肝脏、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌和性腺有显著性差异(P0.05)。在鳗弧菌和Poly I:C刺激下,青蛤血淋巴中TLR2基因3h开始升高,48h达到最大值,与对照组和空白组有极显著性差异(P0.01);藤黄微球菌刺激下,血淋巴中CsTLR2基因3h开始升高,48h亦达到最大值,实验组与对照组有显著性差异(P0.05)。     

基于卫星高度计的北极海冰厚度变化研究

A modified algorithm taking into account the first year(FY) and multiyear(MY) ice densities is used to derive a sea ice thickness from freeboard measurements acquired by satellite altimetry ICESat(2003–2008). Estimates agree with various independent in situ measurements within 0.21 m. Both the fall and winter campaigns see a dramatic extent retreat of thicker MY ice that survives at least one summer melting season. There were strong seasonal and interannual variabilities with regard to the mean thickness. Seasonal increases of 0.53 m for FY the ice and 0.29 m for the MY ice between the autumn and the winter ICESat campaigns, roughly 4–5 month separation, were found. Interannually, the significant MY ice thickness declines over the consecutive four ICESat winter campaigns(2005–2008) leads to a pronounced thickness drop of 0.8 m in MY sea ice zones. No clear trend was identified from the averaged thickness of thinner, FY ice that emerges in autumn and winter and melts in summer. Uncertainty estimates for our calculated thickness, caused by the standard deviations of multiple input parameters including freeboard, ice density, snow density, snow depth, show large errors more than 0.5 m in thicker MY ice zones and relatively small standard deviations under 0.5 m elsewhere. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to determine the separate impact on the thickness estimate in the dependence of an individual input variable as mentioned above. The results show systematic bias of the estimated ice thickness appears to be mainly caused by the variations of freeboard as well as the ice density whereas the snow density and depth brings about relatively insignificant errors.     

基于Argo网格产品资料的台湾以东海域海温场结构与温跃层特征分析

基于2005年1月~2009年12月中国Argo实时数据中心发布的Argo网格化产品,对台湾以东海域的表层和深层海温进行了分析,证实了日本南部海域存在北太平洋副热带模态水,提出暖水团概念,分析了其成因和垂直结构,并利用SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)数据和WOA09(World Ocean Atlas 2005)数据对暖水团进行验证。揭示出台湾以东海域各层次温度大面分布大体呈3个模态特征,并依此将台湾以东海域分为热带、副热带和温带三个海区;对各海域截取断面图,对其温跃层进行分析,归纳出永久性温跃层和季节性温跃层在垂直方向上的分布和季节性变化,并对其成因进行了讨论。     

随机波浪作用下黑泥湾冲淤演变的数值模拟

近岸海域潮流、波浪动力条件复杂,单纯考虑潮流输沙对底床冲淤演变的影响可能存在较大的偏差。基于局地较长时期海浪场统计特征,将随机波浪因子引入底床冲淤演化模拟研究中,采用ECOMSED模式进行了不同波浪动力条件影响下黑泥湾海域冲淤演化的数值模拟,并与现场观测资料进行了比较,取得了较好的结果。结果表明,黑泥湾及附近海域存在较稳定的N—S向潮余流,这在整体上是本区泥沙输运的重要影响因素;湾内海域基本处于冲淤动态平衡,冲淤格局与其地形、海流流速和波浪场分布有关,楮岛周围与镆铘岛东面近岸海域以侵蚀为主,镆铘岛南部近岸以淤积为主;随机波浪要素的引入对冲淤演变模拟结果有较大的影响,引入波浪要素后的模拟的结果与海图更为接近。     

棘皮动物线粒体基因组的基因重排、分子标记及系统发生分析

棘皮动物(echinoderms)是海洋生境中所特有的无脊椎动物重要类群,本文全面比较分析了棘皮动物29个物种的线粒体全基因组。线粒体基因组主编码基因的分析结果显示,海胆纲Echinoidea和海参纲Holothuroidea物种的基因排列完全相同;海星纲Asteroidea物种之间的基因排列也完全相同,然而与海胆纲、海参纲相比,存在一个长片段的倒位。海百合纲Crinoidea的栉羽星Phanogenia gracilis和花形羽枝Florometra serratissima主编码基因的基因排列完全相同,地中海海羊齿和海百合Neogymnocrinus richeri与此相比,均存在一个蛋白质编码基因(nad4L)的易位。蛇尾纲Ophiuroidea真蛇尾目Ophiurida的3个科(阳遂足科Amphiuridae、辐蛇尾科Ophiactidae和栉蛇尾科Ophiocomidae)主编码基因的基因排列完全相同,而同属于真蛇尾目,另外一个科(真蛇尾科Ophiuridae)的白色真蛇尾Ophiura albida和灰色真蛇尾Ophiura lutkeni,与同目的前3个科相比,存在3个蛋白质编码基因(nad1、nad2和cob)的倒位。蛇尾纲蔓蛇尾目Euryalida的海盘Astrospartus mediterraneus,与真蛇尾目5个线粒体基因组相比,存在主编码基因的重排。棘皮动物线粒体单基因的变异位点特征显示,nad5、nad4和nad2基因是理想的分子标记基因。基于29个线粒体基因组的氨基酸序列,通过两种方法(邻接法和最大似然法)所构建系统发生树的拓扑结构完全一致。支持其下分的5个纲(蛇尾纲、海参纲、海胆纲、海星纲和海百合纲)均为单系群。线粒体基因组的数据支持棘皮动物动物在纲层次的亲缘关系为:(((海胆纲+海星纲)+海参纲)+蛇尾纲)+海百合纲,海百合纲作为棘皮动物中最为古老的类群,位于系统发生树的根部。基于线粒体基因组构建的系统发生树,支持所有的科均为单系群;综合系统发生树及主编码基因的基因重排分析,均支持真蛇尾目并非单系发生,真蛇尾目的有效性还值得今后深入研究。