人类活动影响下华北平原地下水环境的演化与发展

本文是研究华北平原第四系地下水系统在自然条件并叠加人为因素影响的地下水动力场和地下水水化学场演化与发展的综合性环境地学课题的成果。主要研究了地下水系统通过包气带与外部环境要素间物质与能量的传输;地下水地球化学环境演化规律;华北平原地下水超量开采区的地下水循环系统及其演变规律和地下水环境演化预测。     

Size Fractionation (Dissolved, Colloidal and Particulate) of Trace Metals in the Thur River, Switzerland

The distribution of some trace metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co,Fe, Mn) and of DOC over a particulate (> 1 m),a colloidal (size < 0.45 m and molecular weight > 10 kD) and an ultrafiltered fraction (< 10 kD)was determined at several sites on the Thur River,Switzerland, at various times of the year. Thecomplexation of Cu by strong ligands in theultrafiltrate and in the conventional filtrate (<0.45 m) was compared using a ligand-exchange/CSV method.The <0.45 m concentrations of Cu (from anaverage of 7 nM to 24 nM), Zn (<5–23 nM), Ni (5–13 nM),Co (1.5–3 nM) and Mn (7–92 nM)increased downstream. The major part of Cu, Zn, Niand Co usually occurred in the ultrafiltratefraction at all sites, whereas Fe and Mn were mostlyin the particulate fraction, under conditions of lowsuspended matter content (< 10 mg L^-1) in theriver. The percentage of metal in the colloidalfraction, with respect to the 0.45-m filtrate,decreased in the order: Cu (median 11%) > Zn Ni(median 5–6%) > Mn Co (median < 5%). DOCalso consisted mostly of molecules in the < 10 kDrange.Cu was strongly complexed by natural organic ligandsin all filtrate and ultrafiltrate samples. A largepart of the strong Cu binding ligands consisted ofcompounds in the < 10 kD range, but colloidalligands with similar properties also occurred. Cu wasdistributed among the dissolved and the colloidalligands, roughly in proportion to organic carbon.The colloidal fraction (as defined here) did notincrease in its proportional amount downstream and wasonly of limited significance in transporting traceelements in the Thur River under low discharge conditions.     

二苯硫脲－甲基异丁酮泡塑富集液珠萃取比色法测定化探样品中的金银

在１０％ＨＣＩ介质中,采用二苯硫脲（ＤＰＴＵ）－甲基异丁酮（ＭＩＢＫ）泡沫塑料富集,以金试剂液珠萃取比色法测定了化探样品中的Ａｕ和Ａｇ。方法的检出限：Ａｕ０．５×１０￣－９;Ａｓ５×１０￣－９（１０ｇ称样）。利用此方法制备了“野外快速分析箱”,可在野外简陋条件下进行现场测定。     

含水层中海水入侵的数学模型

提出了考虑过渡带的适合潜水含水层和承压含水层的海水入侵数学模型,导出了相应的方程和定解条件.经实例验证,模型是合理和可靠的.     

姚桥矿地下水化学特征及在矿井水源判别中的意义

姚桥矿地下水系统包含四个子系统：新生界孔隙含水层组，煤系砂岩裂隙含水层组，太原群石灰岩溶隙含水层组及奥陶系灰岩岩溶含水层组。通过对这四个子系统水文地球化学特征的系统研究，提出了各子系统所特有的水质模型，并确定出能作为矿井水源判别依据的水溶组分，为矿井防治水提供水化学特征依据。     

巴州坳陷下白垩统—中侏罗统的粘土矿物特征

根据岩石薄片、X衍射和扫描电镜分析资料,本文研究了巴州坳陷下白垩统一中侏罗统粘土矿物特征,发现粘土矿物分为伊利石、伊/蒙混层和绿泥石三种类型。粘土矿物的类型和含量随深度而变化,形成了伊/蒙混层带、混层迅速转化带和伊利石带。粘土矿物的转化和自生粘土矿物的形成是沉积地层非常重要的成岩变化。     

新型城镇化测评指标体系的建立研究

城镇化是当今世界上重要的社会、经济现象之一。通过对国内外城镇化水平测度方法的回顾,分析目前国内外城镇化水平测度存在的问题。结合当前国家提出的新型城镇化发展战略,探讨了新型城镇化的内涵,从发展理念、发展目标、推动主体、推进机制和推进策略五个方面对传统城镇化和新型城镇化进行了对比。最后,提出新型城镇化测评的指标体系。     

典型滑坡监测点优化布置

利用数值模拟技术与模糊模式识别算法提出了滑坡监测点优化布置的基本方法。以链子崖危岩体为例,以Ⅳ-Ⅳ′剖面作为滑坡监测点优化布置的典型剖面,根据监测变量（位移）对外界干扰因素作用下的灵敏度大小与监测信息量获取大小之间的关系,对该危岩体的监测变量（位移）进行了灵敏度分区研究,进而对该典型剖面的监测点进行了优化设计。研究结果表明,链子崖危岩体地表位移监测点宜布置在位移量明显和状态变化灵敏度较高的部位,深部位移监测钻孔宜穿越所有水平位移变化的灵敏区域。     

农业生态地质调查初探——以辽宁鞍山南部地区为例

以鞍山南部地区农业生态地质调查为例,阐述了通过测定主要元素在土壤中的分布,综合评价农业生态地质背景,从而研究土地种植适宜性及土壤环境安全性和治理对策,进而讨论在辽宁省开展农业生态地质调查研究的主要内容及意义.此外,对特种经济作物南果梨专项调查表明,土壤中铁、锰、镁、钾、钴元素含量决定了南果梨的独特品质,以变辉长岩或片岩和花岗岩混合岩为成土母岩地区是南果梨生长的最佳区域.     

Copper-Polymetal Metallogenic Series and Prospecting Perspective of Eastern Section of Gangdise

Geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing comprehensive studies show that big ore-prospecting potentiality is contained in the eastern section of the Gangdise Mountains, Tibet.There are various mineralization types with dominant types of porphyry and exhalation. According to their relations with tectonic evolution, they are divided into four kinds of metallogenic series as follows:magnmtic type (Cr, Pt, Cu, Ni) and exhalation type (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag) ore deposit series related to Neo-Tethys oceanic crust subduction action (125-96 Ma); epithermai type (Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Sb), altered fractured rock type (Cu, Mo) and skarn rock type (Cu) ore deposit series related to arc-continental collision; porphyry type (Cu, Mo), cryptoexplosion breccia type (Cu, Au, Pb, Zn), shear zone type (Au, Ag, Sb) and skarn rock type (Cu, Fe) ore deposit series with relation to post-orogenic extensional strike-slip. From subductive complex to the north, zoning appears to be crystallization differentiation type (segregation type)-shear zone type (altered rock type)-skarn rock type, epithermai type-porphyry type-porphyry type and exhalation type-exhalation type-hydrothermai filling-replacement type.The ore deposit is characterized by multi-places from the same source, parity and multi-stage, hypabyssal rock from the deep source and poly genetic compound as a whole.