四川宜宾地壳浅部三维S波速度结构及方位各向异性

利用四川宜宾及周边地区布设的30个临时台站连续44天的波形记录,采用背景噪声互相关方法提取了周期为1—15 s的瑞雷面波相速度频散曲线,然后使用基于面波射线路径追踪的瑞雷面波直接成像方法得到0—10 km深度范围内三维S波速度模型,最后利用该模型作为初始模型采用相同的反演框架得到该地区的方位各向异性结构.结果表明:浅层...     

地壳局部非均匀性区域附近的应力集中（КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ ВБЛИЗИ ЛОКАЛЬНЫХНЕОДНОРОДНОСТЕЙ ЗЕМНОЙ КОРЫ）

Вопросы　связи　напряженно-деформированного　состояния　сейсмоактивных　разломов　с　особенностями　глубинного　строения　Земной　коры　до　сих　пор　находятся　в　зародыше　научного　обуждения．　Можно　назвать　ряд　причин，　сдерживающих　эти　исследования；　а　именно　ограниченность　возможности　математического　моделирования，недостаточные　объемы　геофизической　информации　и　др．　Однако，главная　причина-это　отсутствие　теоретических　обоснований　и　методических　основ　изучения　глубинных　условий　сейсмических　явлений．     

对1989年1991年山西地区3次5级以上地震预报的回顾

1989、1991年，山西发生了大同－阳高6.1、忻州5.1和大同－阳高5.8级3次5级以上地震（不含余震），有对大同－阳高2次地震普提出明确的中期预报意见。山西省地震局在中期预报的基础上，对1991年1月29日忻州5.1级、3月26日大同－阳高5.8级地震分别做出了一定程度的短期或临震预报，本文对这3次地震的预报过程做了简要的回顾。     

催化分光光度新方法测定痕量钌

研究了在HAc-NaAc介质中,α,α′-联吡啶存在下,Ru(Ⅲ)催化KBrO_3氧化溴甲酚绿褪色反应及其动力学条件,建立了一个测定痕量Ru(Ⅲ)的高灵敏度新方法。方法的检出限为2.0×10~(-10)g/ml Ru,测定范围为0～8ng/ml。     

松嫩盆地地下水水质评价图的编图原则与方法

以我国现行的《地下水质量标准（GB／T14848-93）》为主要依据,结合松嫩盆地地下水化学组分和水质与地方性疾病密切相关的特殊情况,对《地下水质量标准》进行了必要的补充和修订,采用国标推荐的方法与模糊综合评判方法,对整个盆地的地下水质量等级进行了评价,并在此基础上编制了《松嫩盆地地下水水质评价图》,该图由《地下水水质级别分区图》（主图）、《主要开采含水层天然有害组分浓度分布图》和《地下水人为污染有害组分超标范围图》（辅助图）、《水质动态曲线图》三部分组成,该图在内容上突出反映了主要开采含水层的地下水质量状况、不同级别水质和地下水有害组分的时空分布规律。     

云南北衙表生金矿形成与保存探讨

通过对云南北衙地区表生金矿形成的地质背景、矿床特征等的研究,重点探讨了其特殊的形成与保存条件。认为北衙地区的表生金矿是“古砂矿”,它的巨大蕴藏量主要得益于其特殊的形成与保存条件：丰富的原生金矿为其提供充足的成矿物质,特别发育的古喀斯特洞穴为“古砂矿”提供了特殊的储存空间,强烈的气液爆破作用形成的热水角砾盖层为其提供了良好的保存条件。     

Cephalopods of the “Falang Formation” (Triassic) from Guanling and Zhenfeng Counties, Guizhou Province, China

The "Falang Formation" of western Guizhou was previously called the "Halobia Bed" and considered to be I .adinian in age. It was subdivided upward into the Zhuganpo, Laishike and Longchang members based on ammonites and the Trachyceras multitubertulatum Zone of the Longchang Member was put in the Lower Carnian. Here in the present paper, 4 genera and 9 species of ammonites and 1 nautiloid genus and species collected from the upper part of the "Falang Formation" (i.e. the Wayao Formation used in this paper, equivalent to the Laishike Member from Guanling and Zhenfeng counties are described. The geological and geographical distribution of these cephalopods, as well as the co-existing conodonts, put the Wayao Formation to the late early Carnmian.     

Ecohydrological change mechanism of a rainfed revegetation ecosystem at southeastern edge of Tengger desert,Northwest China

Study is made on a 45 km-long artificial ecosystem without irrigation in Tengger desert on the basis of long-term ecological monitoring and ecohydrological fundamentals. Changes in water allocation, utilization, cycle and balance patterns in more than 40-year evolution of the soil-plant system are analyzed. The formation of a drought horizon in shrub rhizosphere and its effect, ecohydrological function of the crust and its effect on the soil-plant system change are discussed. Driven by water self-regulation and water stress, the soil-plant system is going to develop towards the steppe desert to ensure more effective use and optimum collocation of water resource.     

Variations of δ^18 O in Precipitation along Vapor Transport Paths

Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via North China, to Japan under the westerlies, and the plateau path from South Asia over the Himalayas to the northern Tibetan Plateau, are set up, based on the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)/WMO global survey network and sampling sites on the Tibetan Plateau. The variations, and the relationship with precipitation and temperature, of the δ^18 O in precipitation along the three cross sections are analyzed and compared. Along the south path, the seasonal differences of mean δ^18 O in precipitation are small at the stations located in the Tropics, but increase markedly from Bangkok towards the north, with the 51so in the rainy season smaller than inthe dry season. The δ^18 O sovalues in precipitation fluctuate on the whole, which shows that there are different vapor sources. Along the north path, the seasonal differences of the mean δ^18 O in precipitation for the stations in the west of Zhengzhou are all greater than in the east of Zhengzhou. During the cold half of the year, the mean δ^18 O in precipitation reaches its minimum at Uriimqi with the lowest temperature due to the wide, cold high pressure over Mongolia, then increases gradually with longitude, and remains at roughly the same level at the stations eastward from Zhengzhou. During the warm half of the year, the δ^18 O values in precipitation are lower in the east than in the west, markedly influenced by the summer monsoon over East Asia. Along the plateau path, the mean δ^18 O values in precipitation in the rainy season are correspondingly high in the southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, and then decrease gradually with latitude. A sharp depletion of the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation takes place due to the very strong rainout of the stable isotopic compositions in vapor in the process of lifting over the southern slope of the Himalayas. The low level of the δ^18 O in precipitation is from Nyalam to the Tanggula Mountains during the rainy season,but δ^18 O increases persistently with increasing latitude from the Tanggula Mountains to the northern Tibetan Plateau because of the replenishment of vapor with relatively heavy stable isotopic compositions originating from the inner plateau. During the dry season, the mean δ^18 O values in precipitation basically decrease along the path from the south to the north. Generally, the mean δ^18 O in precipitation during the rainy season is lower than in the dry season for the regions controlled by the monsoons over South Asia or the plateau, and opposite for the regions without a monsoon or with a weak monsoon.     

Variations of δ18O in Precipitation along Vapor Transport Paths

Three sampling cross sections along the south path starting from the Tropics through the vapor passage in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the middle-low reaches of the Yangtze River, the north path from West China, via North China, to Japan under the westerlies, and the plateau path from South Asia over the Himalayas to the northern Tibetan Plateau, are set up, based on the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)/WMO global survey network and sampling sites on the Tibetan Plateau. The variations, and the relationship with precipitation and temperature, of the δ18O in precipitation along the three cross sections are analyzed and compared. Along the south path, the seasonal differences of mean δ18O in precipitation are small at the stations located in the Tropics, but increase markedly from Bangkok towards the north, with the δ18O in the rainy season smaller than inthe dry season. The δ18O values in precipitation fluctuate on the whole, which shows that there are different vapor sources. Along the north path, the seasonal differences of the mean δ18O in precipitation for the stations in the west of Zhengzhou are all greater than in the east of Zhengzhou. During the cold half of the year, the mean δ18O in precipitation reaches its minimum at Urumqi with the lowest temperature due to the wide, cold high pressure over Mongolia, then increases gradually with longitude, and remains at roughly the same level at the stations eastward from Zhengzhou. During the warm half of the year, the δ18O values in precipitation are lower in the east than in the west, markedly influenced by the summer monsoon over East Asia. Along the plateau path, the mean δ18O values in precipitation in the rainy season are correspondingly high in the southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, and then decrease gradually with latitude. A sharp depletion of the stable isotopic compositions in precipitation takes place due to the very strong rainout of the stable isotopic compositions in vapor in the process of lifting over the southern slope of the Himalayas. The low level of the δ18O in precipitation is from Nyalam to the Tanggula Mountains during the rainy season,but δ18O increases persistently with increasing latitude from the Tanggula Mountains to the northern Tibetan Plateau because of the replenishment of vapor with relatively heavy stable isotopic compositions originating from the inner plateau. During the dry season, the mean δ18O values in precipitation basically decrease along the path from the south to the north. Generally, the mean δ18O in precipitation during the rainy season is lower than in the dry season for the regions controlled by the monsoons over South Asia or the plateau, and opposite for the regions without a monsoon or with a weak monsoon.