Bohai crude oil identification by gas chromatogram fingerprinting quantitative analysis coupled with cluster analysis

1 IntroductionWith the development of industry, more andmore petroleum energy sources are needed. The ex-ploitation of, especially benthal, develops quickly.The spilled oil accidents occur inevitably during oilexploitation and transportation. For example, in theBohai Sea, there are more than 1 000 oil wells andthe spilled oil accidents occur almost every year. Allkinds of dissension arose since the accidents couldnot be dealt with effectively in time. The key stepwhich affects the accidents …     

青藏高原达索普冰川浅孔冰芯中δ^18O值对大尺度海—气相互作用的响应

青藏高原达索普冰川浅孔冰芯中δ＾１８Ｏ值与大尺度海表面温度（ＳＳＴ）之间存在显著的相关关系,显著相关工主要分布在海洋的洋流区,不同海区ＳＳＴ通过对大气环流的作用影响 川的陈水和水汽来源,当大气环流呈出现有利于海洋水汽向青藏高原南部冰川输送的形势时,冰芯中δ＾１Ｏ值减小,当大气环流呈出现不利于海洋水汽却有利于内际水汽向青藏高原南部冰川输送的形势时,冰贳 中δ＾１８Ｏ值增大,相关分析表明,在诸多影响δ     

Deep-Seated Tectonic Activation of Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Its Control over Jiaodong Gold Concentrated Region, China

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｈａｖｅｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔｇｏｌｄｍｅｔａｌｏｇｅｎｉｃａｒ－ｅａｓａｎｄｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｓｉｎｅａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａｍａｉｎｌｙｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｉｎｂｏｔｈｓｉｄｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＴａｎｃ...     

黑河山区草地蒸散发量估算方法研究

针对黑河山区草地蒸散发估算,提出了两种草地蒸散发量估算方法,即基于Penman Monteith方程的方法和基于Priestly-Taylor方程的方法,并将这两种方法和SHAW模型作了对比分析.两种方法与SHAW模型计算精度相近,但输入变量数量比SHAW模型要少,尤其是基于Priestly-Taylor方程的方法.     

Variation of precipitation δ18O in Langtang Valley Himalayas

The variation of the δ¹⁸O in precipitation and the relationship with precipitation amount at Kyangjin Base House and Yala Glacier Camp in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalayas were analyzed. The variations of the δ¹⁸O with precipitation had great scatter, and the correlations between the δ¹⁸O and precipitation changed with time on the synoptic scale. On the seasonal scale, there was marked amount effect at Kyangjin Base House. However, the δ¹⁸O-precipitation gradient was smaller than that on the synoptic scale. Because of the maintenance of the basic equilibrium between stable isotopic compositions in atmospheric vapor and precipitation, the evaporation enrichment was light during the rainy season. Therefore, the variation of stable isotopic compositions in precipitation was independent on the sampling intervals. Simulations show that the rainfall in Langtang Valley was not the outcome of the initial condensation of ocean vapor that originated from low latitudes. The stable isotopic compositions in precipitation were greatly depleted due to the strong rainout of the vapor from oceans as the vapor was raised over the Himalayas.     

西宁和沱沱河地区近地面及500hPa温度变化的对比分析

根据青藏高原西宁、沱沱河站的近地面和５００ｈＰａ温度资料，对比分析了不同层次年、季平均温度变化的趋势以及高低空两个站之间温度变化的差异。结果表明，西宁站近地面年平均温度变化有明显的增温趋势，３８ａ来增温幅度约１℃。沱沱河站年平均温度未见明显的增温趋势，这主要是由于１９８５－１９８６年沱沱河地区罕见的暴风雪灾害导致的创记录的秋、冬季低温所引起的，但在夏季温度变化上，仍可看到明显的增温趋势；在５００ｈ     

成藏动力学系统的研究现状及发展趋向

成藏动力学系统是含油气系统理论的新发展，是一门刚刚起步的新学科。通过对国内外相关文献的调研，对成藏动力学系统的产生、研究现状、存在问题及发展趋势作了较为详细的评述。成藏动力学系统研究的是沉积盆地中流体运动的一个客观存在的天然系统，是通过对成藏最基本条件和连通体系的深入研究，搞清油气成藏的动力学机制进而认识油气成藏模式和富集规律。成藏动力学系统目前在地层压力、流体动力学机制、类型划分、系统叠置的地球化学效应及成藏作用等方面的研究已取得一些进展，但在不同构造背景下的形成与演化研究、各动力学之间相互作用的机制研究、异常地层压力形成和消散的机制研究以及定量化模拟研究等方面仍将是今后成藏动力学系统的主要研究方向。     

Oxygen-18 in different waters in Urumqi River Basin

The variations of the stable oxygen isotope in different water mediums in Urumqi River Basin, China, are analyzed. The stable oxygen isotope in precipitation has marked temperature effect either under synoptic or seasonal scale at the head of Urumqi River. The linear regression equations of δ18O against temperature are δ18O=0.94T-12.38 and δ18O=1.29T-13.05 under the two time scales, respectively. The relatively large δ18O/temperature slopes show the strong sensitivity of δ18O in precipitation to temperature variation at the head of Urumqi River. According to the analyses on the δ18O in precipitation sampled at three stations with different altitudes along Urumqi River, altitude effect is notable in the drainage basin. The δ18O/altitude gradients have distinct differences: the gradient from Urumqi to Yuejinqiao is merely -0.054‰/hm, but -0.192‰/hm from Yuejinqiao to Daxigou, almost increasing by 2.6 times over the former. No altitude effect is found in surface firn in the east branch of Glacier No.1 at the head of Urumqi River, showing that precipitation in the glacier is from the cloud cluster with the same condensation level. Influenced by strong ablation and evaporation, the δ18O in surface firn increases with increasing altitude sometimes. Survey has found that the δ18O in meltwater at the terminus of Glacier No.1 and in stream water at Total Control have the similar change trend with the former all smaller than the latter, which displays the different runoff recharges, and all mirror the regime of temperature in the same term basically.     

降落雨滴中稳定同位素比率变化的数学模拟

根据扩散定律和热量平衡理论,运用云物理学模式,对降落雨滴中稳定同位素比率的变化进行了数值模拟,发现降落雨滴中稳定同位素比率的变化除受湿度条件的影响外,还受大气水汽中稳定同位素比率的影响。在非饱和大气中,受蒸发过程的影响,降落雨滴中稳定同位素比率随降落距离而不断增大,空气湿度越小,增大幅度越明显。平均而言,大气湿度与ｄδＤ／ｄδ１８Ｏ和Ｅｘｄ呈正比。ｄδＤ／ｄδ１８Ｏ以８为渐近线,Ｅｘｄ则在高湿和较大半径条件下逐渐趋近于一个常数;在饱和大气中,半径较小的雨滴或在湿度较高的环境中,雨滴中稳定同位素达到平衡的时间较短。反之,达到平衡的时间较长。     

高温高压下煤超微构造的变形特征

本文通过不同温、压实验条件下,不同煤级煤的应力-应变曲线及超微变形构造特征分析,深入探讨了不同煤化程度煤的变形行为及其影响因素。阐明了高温高压和差异应力作用是促使煤结构由无序向有序方向转化,使大分子结构有序畴和定向性增大的重要因素。论述了温度和压力在不同的煤级和不同的实验条件下,具有不同的作用。在中煤级阶段,虽然围压的增大可在一定程度上提高煤的强度,但温度的影响更为重要。较高煤级在小应变阶段,温度起主导作用;而到了大变形阶段,围压的作用又逐渐上升到主导地位。在整个变形过程中,定向压力都是不容忽视的重要因素。