关于地理信息系统学科的理论基础与体系框架

地理信息系统已成为一门独立的学科，关于它的理论基础与体系框架应该是一个值得研究的问题。从地理信息系统的本质看，它是传输地理环境信息的现代化工具，“空间认知”与“地理系统”作为地理信息系统的认识论和方法论，是地理信息系统的理论基础；地理信息系统理论、技术与应用构成了它的体系框架。     

PS-600四波束测深仪在扫海探测中的应用

全覆盖高精度扫海测量已成为近海工程测量的主攻方向,精密扫海测深仪的研制日益受到各沿海国家的重视。日本KAIJO公司于90年代初推出了PS-600四波束扫海测深仪,该仪器具有覆盖面宽,精度高的特点,体现了世界测深仪的最新研制水平。本文对PS-600的性能特点作了分析,结合在中国大连港口的试验,对PS-600用于近海工程扫海测量的有关问题进行了探讨,得出一些有益的结论。     

利用GEOSAT／ERM卫星测高数据计算中国近海海平面

本文利用一年（１９８６年１１月８日～１９８７年１１月１７日）２２个ＥＲＭ周期的ＧＥＯＳＡＴ卫星测高数据计算出中国近海海域（１０５°～１３５°Ｅ，０°～４０°Ｎ）相对于ＧＲＳ８０参考椭球面的１°×１°年平均海平面。该海平面我们称之为ＩＧＧＭＳＳ９５平均海平面。在数据处理过程中，由于采用了混合轨道误差模型及交叠平差技术，极大地消除了在误差中占主要成分的径向轨道误差影响，使得ＩＧＧＭＳＳ９５平均海平面的总体精度达到±２０～３０ｃｍ（ＲＭＳ）水平。与ＯＳＵ９１Ａ重力大地水准面模型相比较可以发现两者具有惊人的一致性。     

陕西省铝土矿地质特征及成矿规律

陕西省已知铝土矿产地主要分布于陕北的府谷县、渭北的铜川-韩城一带和陕南的西乡、镇巴、南郑地区;已知铝土矿都位于沉积间断面上,受地层层位控制,属滨海-浅海相沉积矿床。陕北和渭北铝土矿主要产于石炭系下统下部本溪组,陕南铝土矿主要产于二叠系上统吴家坪组底部王坡页岩段。成矿的地质构造条件是隆起区边缘。成矿物质来源既有基底碳酸盐岩的溶蚀分解物,也有陆源铝硅酸盐岩的风化分解物。气候条件是有利于使岩石中铝质析出的温暖潮湿条件。时间上有一个较长时间的沉积问断。对成矿有利的地形条件是古地形总体比较平缓,有利于铝硅酸盐风化物在缓慢的搬运过程中充分分解析出Al2O3。     

Study of the interaction between dry granular flows and rigid barriers with an SPH model

This study uses an incompressible smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics model to investigate the interaction between dry granular material flows and rigid barriers. The primary aim is to summarise some practical guidelines for the design of debris‐resisting barriers. The granular materials are modelled as a rigid‐perfectly plastic material where the plastic flow corresponds to the critical state. The coupled continuity equation and momentum equation are solved by a semi‐implicit algorithm. Compared with flows in controlled flume experiments, the model adequately reproduces both the kinetic of the flows and the impact force under various conditions. Then the numerical simulations are used to study the detailed interaction process. It is illustrated quantitatively that the interaction force consists of two parts, ie, the earth pressure force caused by the weight of the soil and a dynamic force caused by the internal deformation (flowing mass on top of a dead zone). For the estimation of impact load, this study suggests that an increased earth pressure coefficient depending on the Froude number should be incorporated into the hydrostatic model.     

Soil moisture dynamics under different land uses on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi,China

Temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture are little known on karst hillslope with shallow soil in subtropical region. The objectives of this paper were (1) to investigate the temporal dynamics of soil moisture at depth of 0–10 cm under different land uses; and (2) to understand the relationship between mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of moisture contents on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi, China. Soil moisture contents had a moderate variation (CV 17.5–30.3%) over an 8-month period and they had a significant difference among different land uses at the 0.01 level with a decreasing order: native scrubland > abandoned cropland and sloping cropland > economic forestland. There were higher mean and lower CV of moisture contents in rainy season than those in drought season. Mean and CV of moisture contents had a significant negative linear relationship except in abandoned cropland with higher soil and vegetation heterogeneity. This suggested that spatial variability of soil moisture within sampling sites would decrease when soils were wet and increase when soils were arid. Compared with rainy season, more soil samples may be needed and the interval for sampling should be shortened in drought season. Such information provided some insights to better understand the dynamics and variability of soil moisture at a larger scale in karst region of southwest China.     

Evaluation on Groundwater Resources of Medium Salinity in Tarim Basin and Development and Demonstration of Under-mulch-drip Irrigation Technology for Cotton

The groundwater of medium salinity refers to the groundwater with a mineralization degree of 2-7 g/L that can be directly or indirectly used for irrigation. This paper determined the distribution area of the groundwater with medium salinity in Tarim Basin, estimated the total amount of recharge resources and exploitable quantity of the groundwater of medium salinity. The irrigation water quality assessment was conducted on the groundwater of medium salinity by using multiple factors and methods. The salt tolerance parameters and irrigation water mineralization control parameters of the cotton in under-mulch-drip irrigation were determined. The under-mulch-drip irritation technology for cotton in groundwater of medium salinity was developed and applied successfully to the demonstration area. The social, economic and ecological effects of this technology as well as the application prospect were analysed. This paper also puts forward two questions that need to be further studied     

西藏聂拉木高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的伸展变形

西藏聂拉木高喜马拉雅结晶岩系在区域上以单一的叶理和单一的拉伸线理占主要地位，其变形带的组构主要反映了透入性的伸展变形；根据显微构造分析表明早期由北往南推覆，晚期由南向北伸展，且晚期表现非常明显。     

我国水电地下工程围岩分类系统支护方案探讨

在对我国水电地下工程围岩分类评价系统（ＳＤ系统）和Ｂａｒｔｏｎ的Ｑ系统的分析比较研究的基础上,针对水电工程,探讨了ＳＤ系统和Ｑ系统的相关关系,细化和发展了我国ＳＤ系统的支护设计方案,弥补了其支护类型偏少和简单的不足。     

Resistance of Lophelia pertusa to coverage by sediment and petroleum drill cuttings

In laboratory experiments, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa was exposed to settling particles. The effects of reef sediment, petroleum drill cuttings and a mix of both, on the development of anoxia at the coral surface were studied using O₂, pH and H₂S microsensors and by assessing coral polyp mortality. Due to the branching morphology of L. pertusa and the release of coral mucus, accumulation rates of settling material on coral branches were low. Microsensors detected H₂S production in only a few samples, and sulfate reduction rates of natural reef sediment slurries were low (<0.3 nmol S cm⁻³ d⁻¹). While the exposure to sediment clearly reduced the coral’s accessibility to oxygen, L. pertusa tolerated both partial low-oxygen and anoxic conditions without any visible detrimental short-term effect, such as tissue damage or death. However, complete burial of coral branches for >24 h in reef sediment resulted in suffocation.