城市小汽车拥有及使用决策研究述评

城市小汽车拥有及使用决策研究作为城市交通规划、交通投资及政策制定的基础, 成为学术界关注的焦点。本文以城市小汽车拥有及使用决策为主题, 从理论基础、实证研究和模型方法等方面解析了国外相关研究的发展脉络和主要论点, 总结现有研究的基本范畴和理论范式。在此基础上, 系统回顾国内研究的重点内容。国内外小汽车拥有及使用决策的研究都经历了由宏观到微观的转变;国外研究集中于基础理论、特征及影响因素、模型研究等方面;国内研究从早期单纯关注小汽车快速发展对城市带来的影响及对策研究到开始关注小汽车交通与城市环境的相互作用机制研究。最后, 在分析现有研究不足的基础上, 对研究趋向进行了展望, 以期为今后的小汽车拥有及使用决策研究提供分析架构。     

新疆于田MS7.3地震主震精定位研究

新疆、青海、西藏数字地震台网和新疆和田台阵都十分清晰、完整地记录到2014年2月12日新疆于田MS7.3地震的波形,故采用区域地震台网和地震台阵联合定位的方法来精确测定该地震的震源位置。具体定位时采用了以下技术：①根据MS7.3地震震中的位置,360o等方位均匀选取台站,平均每隔约15o取1个台站参与初始定位;②将于田台的记录波形旋转至径向和切向上精确测定S波的到时,并以此控制震中距;③测定震中位置时采用的速度模型,是以震源为中心、半径约为1.0o范围内发生的历史地震资料为基础,重新拟合后获得的速度模型;④利用和田地震台阵记录的主震波形资料,经波形聚束方法处理后进行方位角测定,并以此方位角修正震中位置;⑤采用确定性方法测定震源深度。最终得到新疆于田MS7.3地震主震的震中位置为36.197oN、82.467oE,震源深度为12km,发震时刻为2014年2月12日17:19:48.2。     

Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov.: the Lowest Latitude Fossil Record of the Genus

Extant Asplenium is one of the most widespread fern groups and occurs in the temperate and tropical regions. However, the fossil records of this genus are poorly documented, especially in the low latitudes. Here, a new species, Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene of Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, South China. This is the lowest modern latitude fossil record of Asplenium and the first fossil assignment of A. section Darea (Jussieu) Bak., as well as the first fossil record of Asplenium reported from South China. This new species shows that Asplenium had already spread into South China by the early Eocene and the section Darea (Jussieu) Bak. was identifiable within the genus Asplenium during that time. This new species, combined with previous fossil spore-pollen records indicates a warm and humid climate in the Sanshui Basin of the early Eocene.     

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of FSHβ Gene Associated with Reproductive Traits in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Follicle stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) plays a key role in the regulation of gonadal development.This study aimed to investigate molecular genetic characteristics of the FSHβ gene and elucidate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FSHβ on reproductive traits in Japanese flounder.We used polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing of the FSHβ gene in 60 individuals.We identified only an SNP (T/C) in the coding region of exon3 of FSHβ.The SNP (T/C) did not lead to amino acid changes at the position 340 bp of FSHβ gene.Statistical analysis showed that the SNP was significantly associated with testosterone (T) level and gonadosomatic index (GSI) (P0.05).Individuals with genotype TC of the SNP had significantly higher serum T levels and GSI (P0.05) than that of genotype CC.Therefore, FSHβ gene could be a useful molecular marker in selection for prominent reproductive trait in Japanese Flounder.     

我国典型资源枯竭型城市生态系统健康综合评价

资源枯竭和环境恶化影响着典型资源枯竭型城市的发展。根据"压力-状态-响应"模型,构建了一个度量典型资源枯竭型城市生态系统健康水平的含有4个层次35项具体指标的指标体系,并运用客观的改进的熵值法赋权、模糊综合评价法及划分的等级标准对我国9个典型资源枯竭型城市的生态系统健康水平进行量化分析。结果表明,阜新市的生态系统健康水平属于"较健康"级,伊春、辽源、白银、焦作属于"临界状态"级,盘锦、白山、萍乡属于"较不健康"级,而石嘴山则属于"不健康"级。典型资源枯竭型城市的生态系统健康水平总体上不容乐观。     

江苏数字地震台网台站震级偏差的分析

利用江苏数字地震台网1999年1月1日-2008年12月31日3个以上子台记录到的约1 500条地震,以台网的平均震级为标准震级,详细分析了江苏数字台网子台的震级偏差原因,结果显示:①在震中距较小时(100 km),子台测定的震级偏小,在100 km△250 km范围内,震级偏差基本为零;②子台测定的震级偏差存在地域分布特征,随方位角显示趋势性变化,地区邻近的子台之间变化特征相近或相似;③江苏数字台网子台台基类型中松散沉积对震级影响最大,偏差均为正值,最大偏差约0.3级,灰岩类型的台基对震级测定影响最小,几乎为零。     

Nagios在网络管理工作中的应用与探讨

概述了Nagios在网络管理工作中的应用、所取得的效果及部分功能创新,最后对此软件存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Exploring spatiotemporal relationships among meteorological,agricultural, and hydrological droughts in Southwest China

Each type of drought has different characteristics in different regions. It is important to distinguish different types of droughts and their correlations. Based on gauged precipitation, temperature, simulated soil moisture, and runoff data during the period 1951–2012, the relationships among meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts were analyzed at different time scales in Southwest China. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), soil moisture anomaly percentage index (SMAPI), and standardized runoff index (SRI) were used to describe meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts, respectively. The results show that there was a good correlation among the three indices. SMAPI had the best correlation with the 3 month SPEI and SRI values. It indicates that agricultural drought was characterized by a 3-month scale. The three drought indices displayed the similar special features such as drought scope, drought level, and drought center during the extreme drought of 2009–2010. However, the scope and level of SPEI were bigger than those of SMAPI and SRI. The propagation characteristics of the three types of droughts were significantly different. The temporal drought process in typical grids reflect that the meteorological drought occurred ahead of agricultural and hydrological droughts by about 1 and 3 months, respectively. Agricultural drought showed a stable drought process and reasonable time periods for the drought beginning and end. These results showed the quantitative relationships among three types of drought and thus provided an important supporting evidence for regional drought monitoring and strategic decisions.     

华南晚二叠世层序—古地理及聚煤规律*

晚二叠世是地质历史中重要的成煤时期,在中国南方多个省区都形成了可采煤层。受海平面变化的影响,华南地区晚二叠世发育一套完整的陆相—海陆过渡相—海相含煤岩系。通过对野外露头及钻孔剖面资料分析,识别出了区域不整合面、下切谷底部冲刷面、河道间古土壤层和沉积相转换面等关键层序地层界面,以及依据海相石灰岩标志层横向分布规律反映的区域最大海泛面,同时结合前人关于华南地区地层对比及煤层对比方面的成果,将华南上二叠统划分为3个三级层序及9个体系域。利用单因素分析多因素综合作图法恢复了各层序中岩相古地理及煤层分布规律,结果表明:层序Ⅰ中煤层主要形成于潮控下三角洲平原以及潟湖潮坪环境,厚煤层的展布受这些沉积相带控制;层序Ⅱ中三角洲平原环境中煤层最厚,开阔台地煤层最薄,平面上煤层厚度表现为西部厚、中部次之、东部无煤的阶梯式递变;层序Ⅲ中煤层主要形成于三角洲平原环境,此时聚煤作用主要发生于华南西部的康滇古陆东侧,在华南中部及东部大部地区发育的浅海台地和深水盆地均不利于聚煤作用发生。     

腾格里沙漠周边地区1960-2012年气候变化特征

根据腾格里沙漠周边地区9个气象站点1960-2012年逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、平均相对湿度、日照时数和平均风速的观测资料,利用线性回归、滑动平均和Mann-Kendall突变检验分析了该区1960-2012年气候变化特征。结果表明:1960-2012年,腾格里沙漠周边地区年平均气温以0.34 ℃/10a的速率呈显著上升的趋势,并于1989年发生显著突变;从季节变化来看,冬季升温幅度最大,达0.52 ℃/10a;年平均最高、最低气温均呈显著上升的趋势,但是年平均最低气温的升温速率0.44 ℃/10a明显大于最高气温升温速率0.25 ℃/10a,增暖的不对称性导致年平均气温日较差以0.18 ℃/10a的速率显著减小。年降水量以1.08 mm/10a的速率增加,但变化趋势不显著,四季降水量均有不同程度的增加;湿润指数的变化亦不显著,年、春季、夏季和秋季湿润指数均有减小趋势,冬季湿润指数有增加趋势;年、季平均风速皆呈显著减小的趋势,年平均风速减小的速率为0.15 m·s^-1·(10a)^-1,日照时数以5.6 h/10a的速率呈不显著的增加趋势,各季节日照时数有不同的变化趋势,春季和夏季日照时数呈增加趋势,而秋季和冬季的日照时数呈减小趋势。