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101.
低涡过程对流云和降水结构特征及其环境条件分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用遥感及加密观测资料详细分析了2005年6月25~26日一次低涡过程对流云和降水的结构特征,并利用NCEP再分析资料以及实况风场资料分析了其形成的有利条件。分析表明:此次低涡过程中出现的中尺度对流云团(MCC)经历了十几小时的发展演变,云顶亮温低达-90℃,导致了局地暴雨出现,对流云和降水的分布有很好的对应但同时具有显著的时空分布不均匀性。对流云内部高空存在冰晶的大值区,云水含量也比周围环境丰富,冰晶下落过程中通过碰粘其它冰晶、碰冻云水导致了云内的可降水增多,播撒-供应机制起主要作用。而对流降水的“双峰“廓线结构表明暖雨过程非常强。此次过程有形成强对流非常有利的环境:强西南低空急流水汽输送和水汽辐合与高空偏西风急流的相互作用为对流云团和强降水的形成提供水汽和不稳定条件;低层不稳定区域上强垂直上升运动则提供了不可缺少的动力条件;中尺度辐合系统的形成是此次强对流产生的直接原因。 相似文献
102.
临近预报系统(SWIFT)中风暴产品的设计及应用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
介绍了临近预报系统"SWIFT"(Severe Weather Integrated Forecasting Tools)中的风暴产品的设计,包括风暴识别、风暴追踪和风暴预报。在识别风暴时,采用了多反射率因子阈值、特征核抽取和相近单体处理技术,并保留远距离上的强的2D风暴,该方法在面对成串或成簇多单体时,能够分离多个单体核,并准确定位。在风暴追踪和预报算法中,对当前时刻识别出来的风暴,利用匹配方案,将其与前1时刻的风暴建立对应关系,追寻历史轨迹,匹配方案是在空间位置相关的前提下,按照相似原则进行;风暴预报采用TREC(Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation)技术获取的移动矢量场进行外推,提供未来1小时内的风暴移动位置。在北京奥运会天气预报示范项目(Forecast Demonstration Project,简称FDP)第二次测试期间,该风暴产品得到应用。分析表明:在预报时效为30分钟时,风暴产品在X轴和Y轴上的平均绝对误差为7.1和6.2 km,样本数为3891个;随着预报时效的增加,风暴产品的平均绝对误差增大,且在经向上的误差略大于纬向上;在径向上,风暴产品的预报出现了系统性的偏慢,而在纬向上,预报出现了系统性的偏快。 相似文献
103.
Xinhui Bi Bernd R.T. Simoneit Guoying Sheng Shexia Ma Jiamo Fu 《Atmospheric Research》2008,88(3-4):256-265
Total suspended particles (TSP), collected during June 2002 to July 2003 in Guangzhou, a typical economically developed city in South China, were analyzed for the organic compound compositions using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Over 140 organic compounds were detected in the aerosols and grouped into different classes including n-alkanes, hopanoids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanols, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids excluding oxalic acid, polyols/polyacids, lignin products, phytosterols, phthalates and water-soluble sugars. The total amounts of the identified organic compounds including unresolved complex mixture (UCM) ranged from 3112 ng/m3 in spring to 5116 ng/m3 in winter, comprising on seasonal average 2.8% of TSP. Primary organic compounds peaked in winter although there are no heating systems burning fuels in Guangzhou. The highest saccharide levels occurred in fall due to agricultural activities. This study demonstrated that utilization of fossil fuels, biomass burning, soil resuspension and plastic/refuse burning are the major contributors to the identified organic compounds in the urban atmosphere of South China. 相似文献
104.
利用全球海表海温资料(GISST)和NCEP/NCAR再分析风场、海平面气压场资料,研究了热带东印度洋海表温度持续性的季节差异,发现东印度洋海温持续性存在"秋季障碍"现象。进一步分析了东印度洋"秋季障碍"后冬季海温与中东太平洋海温、海平面气压及850hPa风场的关系,并讨论了热带印度洋—太平洋地区海气系统的季节变化与东印度洋"秋季障碍"的关系,结果表明,秋季热带印度洋—太平洋地区海气系统由以印度洋季风环流为主导转向以太平洋海气系统为主导,太平洋海气系统处于急剧加强期,增强的太平洋海气系统对东印度洋海温持续性"秋季障碍"起着重要的作用。 相似文献
105.
Yang Zhou Tao Wang Xiaomei Gao Likun Xue Xinfeng Wang Zhe Wang Jian Gao Qingzhu Zhang Wenxing Wang 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2009,64(2-3):107-127
Near real-time measurements of PM2.5 ionic compositions were performed at the summit of the highest mountain in the central-eastern plains in the spring and summer of 2007 in order to characterize aerosol composition and its interaction with clouds. The average concentrations of total water soluble ions were 27.5 and 36.7 μg?m?3, accounting for 44% and 62% of the PM2.5 mass concentration in the spring and summer, respectively. A diurnal pattern of SO 4 2- , NH 4 + and NO 3 - was observed in both campaigns and attributed to the upslope/downslope transport of air mass and the development of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The average SO2 oxidation ratio (SOR) in summer was 57% (±27%), more than twice that in spring 24% (±16%); the fine nitrate oxidation ratio (NOR) was comparable in the two seasons (9?±?6% and 11?±?10% in summer and spring, respectively). This result indicates strong summertime production of sulfate aerosol. A principal component analysis shows that short-range and long-range transport of pollution, cloud processing, and crustal source were the main factors affecting the variability of the measured ions (and other trace gases and aerosols) at Mt. Tai. Strong indications of biomass burning were observed in summer. Cloud scavenging rates showed larger variations for different ions and in different cloud events. The elevated concentrations of the water soluble ions at Mt. Tai indicate serious aerosol pollution over the North China plain of eastern China. 相似文献
106.
High-resolution simulations of West African climate using regional climate model (RegCM3) with different lateral boundary conditions 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
M. B. Sylla A. T. Gaye J. S. Pal G. S. Jenkins X. Q. Bi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,98(3-4):293-314
To downscale climate change scenarios, long-term regional climatologies employing global model forcing are needed for West Africa. As a first step, this work examines present-day integrations (1981–2000) with a regional climate model (RCM) over West Africa nested in both reanalysis data and output from a coupled atmospheric–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). Precipitation and temperature from both simulations are compared to the Climate Research Unit observations. Their spatial distributions are shown to be realistic. Annual cycles are considerably correlated. Simulations are also evaluated with respect to the driving large-scale fields. RCM offers some improvements compared to the AOGCM driving field. Evaluation of seasonal precipitation biases reveals that RCM dry biases are highest on June–August around mountains. They are associated to cold biases in temperature which, in turn, are connected to wet biases in precipitation outside orographic zones. Biases brought through AOGCM forcing are relatively low. Despite these errors, the simulations produce encouraging results and show the ability of the AOGCM to drive the RCM for future projections. 相似文献
107.
介绍了2005年11月在海南地区进行的一次地基GPS小网观测试验。试验目的是研究利用组网的GPS倾斜路径观测进行对流层水汽层析反演, 给出站点上空水汽的垂直廓线结构信息。概述了试验中GPS原始数据处理方法以及层析反演的方法。将GPS层析得到的水汽垂直廓线与海口站探空观测的水汽廓线进行了对比, 结果表明:二者一致性较好, 均方根误差在0.5g·m-3左右, 层析结果较好地反映出试验期间水汽减少、大气变干的过程。另外, 采用3种不同的先验信息方案测试分析了GPS层析的结果, 表明GPS观测量对水汽先验信息有明显的调整作用。并对GPS水汽层析中可能存在的问题进行了讨论。试验证明高时间分辨率的GPS观测有能力层析出GPS测站上空水汽的廓线信息。 相似文献
108.
Yuejun Wang Guochun Zhao Xiaoping Xia Yanhua Zhang Weiming Fan Chao Li Xianwu Bi Sanzhong Li 《Chemical Geology》2009,266(3-4):240-250
This paper presents the results of an integrated U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology and Si-in-white mica analysis for synorogenic sediments in the Jianghan Basin to the south of the Dabie Orogen. The results provide an improved understanding of the provenance of these sediments and the unroofing pattern of the early Mesozoic Dabie Mountain. Si contents of detrital white micas range from 3.09 to 3.34 atoms pfu for the upper Triassic sandstones whereas 3.06 to 3.59 atoms pfu for the lower and middle Jurassic sandstones. The majority of detrital white micas in the lower Jurassic sandstones is phengitic and originated exclusively from the Dabie high- to ultrahigh- pressure rocks. The U-Pb dating results of the detrital zircons for seven samples suggest that these synorogenic sediments have a significant change of provenance from late Triassic to early and middle Jurassic. For the upper Triassic sandstone, the U-Pb age clusters of these zircons are characterized by ~ 420-450 Ma, ~ 750-820 Ma, ~ 1050-1200 Ma and ~ 2500 Ma with minor Luliangian (~ 1700–2000 Ma) components. In contrast, the zircon ages of the Jurassic sandstones are dominated by the Luliangian (~ 1700–2000 Ma) ages with only minor Caledonian (~ 420-450 Ma) and Greenville (~ 1050-1200 Ma) ages. In combination with other available geological data, it can be concluded that the Dabie HP-UHP rocks might initially be exposed to the surface at the beginning of early Jurassic (~ 190 Ma). The Jiangnan terrain (also named “Jiangnan old continental in Chinese) to the south of the Jianghan basin provided the predominant supply of upper Triassic sediments, whereas the Paleoproterozoic Yangtze crustal materials (overlying the present Dabie Complex at the time) were the important provenance of the Jurassic sediments in the Jianghan basin. 相似文献
109.
We will present detailed observations of the asymmetrical eruption of a large quiescent filament on 24 November 2002, which was followed by a two-ribbon flare, three coronal dimmings, endpoint brightenings, and a very fast halo-type coronal mass ejection (CME). Before the eruption, the filament lay along the main neutral line (MNL) underneath a single-arcade helmet streamer with a simple bipolar configuration. However, photospheric magnetic fields on both sides of the filament showed an asymmetrical distribution, and the filament and MNL were not located just at the center of the streamer base but were closer to the eastern leg of the streamer arcade. Therefore, instead of erupting along the streamer’s symmetrical axis, the filament showed a nonradial and asymmetrical eruption. It lifted from the eastern flank of the streamer arcade to impact the western leg directly, leading to an asymmetrical CME that expanded westward; eventually the streamer was disrupted significantly. Accordingly, the opposite-polarity coronal dimmings at both sides of the filament forming in the eruption also showed an asymmetrical area distribution. We thus assume that the streamer arcade could guide the filament at the early eruption phase but failed to restrain it later. Consistent with previous results, these observations suggest that the global background magnetic field can impose additional action on the initial eruption of the filament and CME, as well as the dimming configuration. 相似文献
110.
许多研究已经表明,类胡萝卜素是分布最广泛、最重要的一类光辅助合成色素。类胡萝卜素具有多种生物学功能:作为化学保护剂可抵抗由植物自身叶绿素的光敏氧化作用引起的有害作用,给人体补充β-胡萝卜素可有效降低心血管疾病和癌症的发生概率,高摄入富含类胡萝卜素的饮食和降低白内障发生的危险之间有重要联系(Bendich,1993)。海藻中含有丰富的类胡萝卜素,从结构类型说,通常可以分为三类:胡萝卜素、叶黄素和类胡萝卜素酸。海藻中还含有多种特有的类胡萝卜素,如褐藻黄素、甲藻黄素、硅藻黄素等。直到目前为止,海藻中类胡萝卜素的组成与生理学功能尚没有明确的结论,因而对我国丰富的海藻资源中的类胡萝卜素进行较为系统和全面的化学及生物活性研究已成为摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。本研究选取我国青岛海滨三类大型经济海藻——红、绿、褐藻中资源量丰富的代表性种类作为实验材料,较系统地测定了其中类胡萝卜素的含量,并运用经典的柱层析法对各类胡萝卜素组分进行了分离,通过薄层分析和可见光谱扫描对各分离组分进行了定性、定量分析。 相似文献