新疆北部友谊峰一带喀纳斯群碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其对阿尔泰造山带构造演化的启示

新疆北部阿尔泰山西段友谊峰一带发育的喀纳斯群碎屑沉积岩中保留了大量的古陆缘演化及沉积、变质等地质信息。采集了2个层位的碎屑锆石进行同位素年龄研究, 结果显示:2套碎屑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分布特征相近, 最年轻的岩浆锆石年龄分别为546±4 Ma和545±4 Ma, 代表了沉积时代的下限;较老的锆石年龄可分为太古宙的3063±16 Ma、2548±18 Ma和2541±18 Ma, 古—中元古代的2223~1463 Ma, 新元古代的985~781 Ma, 据此推断, 沉积物源存在前寒武纪结晶基底;较新的锆石变质年龄为421~429 Ma, 与阿尔泰地区强烈的岩浆活动时间相近, 可能与地层遭受后期的热液变质事件有关。结合地质构造演化, 表明新疆北部地区大致经历了太古宙陆核形成阶段、Columbia超大陆形成和演化阶段、Rodinia超大陆汇聚和裂解阶段、震旦纪—寒武纪复理石沉积阶段, 以及加里东期剧烈岩浆活动阶段。     

折射层析成像法测试隧道围岩松动圈

通过应用折射层析成像法在乌鞘岭特长隧道中的测试,说明该方法对于横向速度变化不均一,过渡带速度渐变的地质情况具有分辨率高、图像直观、易于解释,适合对隧道围岩松动圈的测试.     

江西萍乡杨家湾2号洞哺乳动物化石及其时代探讨

2015年11月和2016年10月先后对杨家湾2号洞化石点进行发掘。目前已出土哺乳动物化石1000多件,主要为单个牙齿化石,骨骼较少且较为破碎。初步鉴定出31个哺乳动物属种,其中偶蹄类数量最为丰富,野猪所占比例最大;灵长类和食肉类较为丰富;啮齿类、长鼻类及奇蹄类较少;尚未发现食虫类和翼手类。大部分属种为现生类群,少量灭绝属种如巴氏大熊猫、东方剑齿象及华南巨貘等。从动物群组成来看,该动物群与杨家湾1号洞、湖南道县福岩洞等动物群较为相似,属于我国南方典型的晚更新世大熊猫-剑齿象动物群,但是其所包含的动物属种相对后两个化石点都较少,尤其是小哺乳动物属种单调。杨家湾2号洞的堆积物颗粒比1号洞的较粗,且含较多角砾,缺少红色粘土;据初步判断,该洞的堆积物是由洞口进入。动物群组合指示该地区晚更新世气候较为温暖湿润。

     

超高强混凝土短柱抗震性能的试验研究

通过对12根剪跨比λ=2．0的超高强混凝土短柱在低周反复荷载下抗震性能的试验研究,分析了其破坏形态,并研究了轴压比和配箍率对试件滞回特性和抗震延性的影响,提出了满足一定延性要求（μ△≥3．0）超高强混凝土短柱的轴压比限值和箍筋加密区的最小配箍特征值的建议值。该值可为现行规范的修订提供参考。     

地震作用下纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能分析

为了解地震作用下纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能,采用钢筋、混凝土、纤维编织网浇筑纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱,编织网主材为碳、玻璃纤维束;利用电液伺服加载系统为试件加载地震作用,监测相关数据,部分试件置入氯化钠溶液进行多次干湿循环。不同环境下的实验结果显示:纤维编织网层数越多,纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱承载能力越强,抗震性能越好;配箍间距较大时,纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能仅在地震作用的后期呈现较差状态;干湿循环次数越多,纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱承载力越弱,抗震性能越差。对于氯盐环境而言,可增加纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗腐蚀措施改善抗震性能。适当增加纤维编织网的数量、降低配箍间距有利于提升纤维编织网增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能。     

Static and dynamic inelastic P–Δ effect for seismic design

Seismic influence of P–Δ effect is the subject of this study. First, it is pointed out that the elastic static amplification factor shall be isolated in formulating the dynamic inelastic second order effect. An amplification factor for the static inelastic P–Δ effect is derived. Seismic force reduction factors(SFRF) for given ductility and stability coefficients are computed for one-story, one-span frames. The P–Δ amplification factors for seismic base shears are obtained by dividing SFRFs with and without P–Δ effect. Both P–Δ amplification factors and SFRFs are presented separately with two kinds of period abscissas. The P–Δ amplification factors are dependent on periods with the maximum occurring at about 0.75 s for site type C and approach to the static inelastic counterpart at long periods. Post-yield stiffness cannot fully counteract the adverse impact of the P–Δ effect. Formulas for seismic P–Δ amplification factors are proposed and compared to results of others. Collapse capacity spectra(CCS) are reviewed and their application in codes discussed. Available CCSs are compared with SFRFs with finite ductility computed for two ensembles of seismic records. A comparison reveals that the SFRFs are affected by seismic records, and available CCSs do not always provide upper limits for the SFRFs when stability coefficients are greater than 0.1 for frame models.     

应用神经网络建立加速度峰值衰减规律

在假定了加速度峰值衰减规律的形式后，本采用人工神经网络拟合实际加速度峰值观测资料来求取方程中的待定系数。为加速神经网络的训练，本设计了基于ＢＰ学习算法的目标分段网络训练法。     

面向深地探测的光纤重力梯度仪测量原理与研制进展

发展深地探测技术对于推进地球物理发展有重要意义.基于重力梯度的深地传感技术具备自身独有的优势,可以有效弥补现有主要方法的局限.本文提出了一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的重力梯度测量原理,将重力梯度转化为角加速度并利用光纤角加速度计进行精密传感.本文设计了重力梯度原型样机,并利用ANSYS有限元仿真论证了其可行性与稳定性,在此基础上对光纤重力梯度原型样机进行了长达14天的连续静态测试,得到角加速度测量本底噪声低于3×10^-10rad·s^-2·Hz^-1/2,对应重力梯度测量噪声达0.68 E·Hz^-1/2.基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的重力梯度测量没有对传感单元一致性的要求,无需复杂的环境控制与辅助设备,测试结果展现了其高灵敏度特性以及应用于深地探测的巨大潜力.

     

Characteristics of water isotopes and hydrograph separation during the wet season in the Heishui River, China

Runoff generation and dynamics is an important issue in watershed and water resource management, but the mechanism in large scale is unclear and site-dependent. For this reason, spatial variations of δD and δ¹⁸O of river water and their sources within large-area of the Heishui Valley of the upper Yangtze River in western China were investigated during the wet season. A total 117 river water samples were collected at 13 sampling sites located at the junction of the principal river course and its tributaries. The results showed no spatial variations of either δD or δ¹⁸O values existed among tributary sampling sites A, B, E, F, H and I during the wet season, and significantly spatial variation occurred between tributary sampling sites A, B, E, F, H, I and site K; which indicated different proportions of rain entering river water should lead to spatial variation of water isotopes. The hydrograph separation analysis, based on the isotope data of river water, meltwater and rain water samples, showed the contribution of snow and glacier meltwater varied from 63.8% to 92.6%, and that of rain varied from 7.4% to 36.2%; which meant that snow and glacier meltwater was the main supplying water source of baseflow in the Heishui Valley. And the roles of glacier and snow meltwater should be significantly noticed in water resource management in this alpine valley at the rim of the Tibetan Plateau.     

Observation and study on the whole process of cloud-to-ground lightning using narrowband radio interferometer

A narrowband radio interferometer has been developed and used to locate the entire sources of VHF radiations from a negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharge which contains 19 strokes. This system uses five antennas to form an array consisting of short- and long-baselines along two or- thogonal directions. The system error which comes from frequency conversion is reduced by phase detection through direct high frequency amplifying. An interactive graphic analysis procedure is used to remove the fringe ambiguities which exist inherently in interferometry and to determine the direction of lightning radiation sources in two dimensions (azimuth and elevation) as a function of time at a time resolution of microsecond orders. With the developed system, the whole progression process in time and space of a lightning flash can be reconstructed. In this paper, combining the synchronous data of electric filed change and VHF radiation, the whole processes of an example negative CG flash have been studied in detail. It is found that the preliminary breakdown event of the CG flash started from negative charge region and exhibited firstly a downward pregression and then an upward propagation. There were very intense and continuous radiations during stepped leaders which became much stronger when the first return stroke began. In contrast, there were less and only discrete radiations during dart leaders. Stepped leader and dart leader may transform to each other depending on the state of the ionization of the path. The progression speed of initial stepped leaders was about 105 ms?1, while that was about 4.1×106 and 6.0×106 ms?1 for dart leaders and dart-stepped leaders, respectively. M events produced hook-shaped field changes accompanied by active burst of radiations at their begin- nings. Followed these active radiation processes, M events appeared to contact finally into conducting main discharge channels. The mean progression speed of M events was about 7×107 ms?1, greater than that of the dart leaders and dart-step leaders. K events and attempted leaders were essentially the same as dart leaders except that they could not reach the ground and initiate return strokes.