旧石器时代至商周时期贵州遗址空间分布及其自然环境背景(英文)

This study presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of 230 archaeological sites in Guizhou Province, Southwest China for three selected time periods from the Paleolithic Age to the Shang-Zhou Dynasties. The relationship between archaeological sites distribution and environmental changes is also discussed based on paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C recorded in stalagmites from Southwest China. The results show that: in the Paleolithic Age(260–10 ka BP), archaeological sites were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts of Guizhou, where the high-altitudinal karst landforms with many natural caves suitable for human habitation are developed. In the Neolithic Age(10–3.6 ka BP), most of human settlements were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts, while, a fewer sites were found on river terraces in the southern and eastern parts, and the intermontane basins in the central and western Guizhou. During the Shang-Zhou Dynasties(3.6–2.2 ka BP), the sites were mainly distributed in the intermontane basins and on river terraces, which were suitable for primitive aerial farming. The analysis of paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C since 260 ka BP suggested that climate fluctuations had little impact on human settlements in this study area. The distinct physical environment, especially the spatial patterns of karst landforms and arable land played an important role in the archaeological sites distribution of Guizhou.     

Archaeological sites distribution and its physical environmental settings between ca 260-2.2 ka BP in Guizhou,Southwest China

This study presents an analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of 230 archaeological sites in Guizhou Province, Southwest China for three selected time periods from the Paleolithic Age to the Shang-Zhou Dynasties. The relationship between archaeological sites distribution and environmental changes is also discussed based on paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C recorded in stalagmites from Southwest China. The results show that: in the Paleolithic Age (260-10 ka BP), archaeological sites were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts of Guizhou, where the high-altitudinal karst landforms with many natural caves suitable for human habitation are developed. In the Neolithic Age (10-3.6 ka BP), most of human settlements were concentrated in the central, northwestern and southwestern parts, while, a fewer sites were found on river terraces in the southern and eastern parts, and the intermontane basins in the central and western Guizhou. During the Shang-Zhou Dynasties (3.6-2.2 ka BP), the sites were mainly distributed in the intermontane basins and on river terraces, which were suitable for primitive aerial farming. The analysis of paleo-environmental proxies of δ18O and δ13C since 260 ka BP suggested that climate fluctuations had little impact on human settlements in this study area. The distinct physical environment, especially the spatial patterns of karst landforms and arable land played an important role in the archaeological sites distribution of Guizhou.     

三类高空冷涡的划分及其动态合成分析

结合地理分布将中国北方高空冷涡划分为东北冷涡(120°—145°E,35°—60°N),华北冷涡(100°—130°E,30°—45°N)以及东蒙冷涡(100°—130°E,40°—55°N)三类,根据2000—2018年NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料和日降水资料对19 a冷涡个例进行筛选对比,统计分析三类冷涡的活动规律,利用动态合成分析方法分析三类冷涡的结构和降水特征。结果表明:在490例高空冷涡个例中,遗漏的冷涡个例有2个,重复的个例有13个,剩下475例个例都能较好的被选出和归类,给出的三类冷涡定义较为合理。东北冷涡和东蒙冷涡在全年皆可生成,而华北冷涡在12月和2月没有发现。东北冷涡在4、5月生成最多,在3月和8月生成较少。华北冷涡在5月生成最多,冬季生成较少。东蒙冷涡在5、6、9三个月生成较多,在2、3和11月生成较少。对三类冷涡的动态合成分析表明:在结构方面,考察位势高度、温度、涡度、和等熵位涡分布,得到东北冷涡平均强度最强,东蒙冷涡次之,华北冷涡最弱;在降水方面,冷涡强度最强的时段,冷涡降水主要出现在高空急流出口区以北,对应有强的高层辐散。由于低层湿度分布以及水汽输送强度的不同,三类冷涡的降水大值中心位置有所差别,并且华北冷涡平均降水强度最大,东北冷涡次之,东蒙冷涡相对较小。     

准噶尔盆地克—百断裂带上盘石炭系内幕火山岩储集层特征及展布

准噶尔盆地克—百断裂带上盘最新钻井发现,在石炭系顶面之下较深的内幕火山岩区域获得工业油流。通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、主量元素和岩石物性等资料,明确了研究区石炭系内幕火山岩储集层特征及展布。研究表明,克—百断裂带上盘石炭系内幕储集层顶面最大深度位于石炭系不整合面以下800 m,岩相(岩性)以爆发相空落亚相(凝灰岩)和溢流相下部亚相(安山岩)为主,储集空间以次生溶孔和构造缝为主。不同岩相具有不同类型和程度的成岩作用,经历了不同的孔隙演化过程。溢流相上部亚相和溢流相下部亚相孔隙演化程度最高。冷凝固结作用控制其原生孔隙的形成,构造破碎作用及溶蚀作用至关重要。受构造和溶蚀作用控制的Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储集层为有效储集层,主要分布于克—百断裂附近。     

南海珊瑚礁海域黑缘尾九棘鲈生物学特征初步研究

根据2018—2019年在南沙群岛和西沙群岛珊瑚礁海域采集的礁栖鱼类黑缘尾九棘鲈(Cephalopholis spiloparaea)样本, 对其群体结构、性腺成熟度、摄食强度、肥满度、年龄与生长等生物学特征进行了初步研究, 通过对比分析了南海这两个珊瑚礁海域中黑缘尾九棘鲈生物学特征的地理差异。结果表明: 在南沙海域和西沙海域中黑缘尾九棘鲈的平均体长分别为105.5±10.5mm和110.4±13.1mm, 两海域间的体长和体质量分布均具有极显著的差异(P<0.01); 南沙海域与西沙海域样本体长和体质量关系的异速生长因子b值分别为2.881与2.797; 耳石样本分析结果显示年龄范围为0.58~1.44a, 两个海域间并无显著性差异(P>0.05); 由von Bertalanffy生长方程计算所得的生长参数显示, 南沙海域的黑缘尾九棘鲈比西沙海域的体型相对较小、生长速度相对较快; 两海域黑缘尾九棘鲈的性腺成熟度均以Ⅱ期为主, 且西沙海域样本性腺成熟比例高于南沙海域; 摄食等级以1级为主, 两个海域间的摄食等级分布无显著性差异(P>0.05); 与西沙群岛海域相比, 南沙群岛海域的黑缘尾九棘鲈群体表现出肝体比较低的特征。     

多时间尺度环流对台风“天鹅”(1515)突变路径的影响

利用NCL滤波方法将NCEP提供的FNL风场资料分离出天气尺度,准双周振荡(QBWO,Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation)和热带季节内振荡(MJO,Madden-Julian Oscillation)环流场,研究不同时间尺度环流对台风"天鹅"(1515)突变路径的影响。台风路径的特征能够分3个阶段,其中第二阶段台风发生突然转折。第一阶段,天气尺度上台风东侧的反气旋和QBWO环流场中的波列共同引导台风向西偏北方向运动,而MJO环流场中的引导气流作用较小;第二阶段,天气尺度上台风东侧的反气旋和低频环流场中台风附近的气旋共同促进了"天鹅"近90°的突然转向,其中,高、低频分量分别促使台风突然向北、向东转向;第三阶段,天气尺度上的气旋与反气旋、QBWO环流场中的反气旋以及MJO环流场中的脊共同引导"天鹅"向东北方向运动,其中MJO环流场中气旋附近的偏东风促使"天鹅"向西运动,但由于它被天气尺度上强烈的偏西风所抵消,故"天鹅"仍向东运动。     

An Analysis of Thermally-Related Surface Rainfall Budgets Associated with Convective and Stratiform Rainfall

Both water vapor and heat processes play key roles in producing surface rainfall.While the water vapor effects of sea surface temperature and cloud radiative and microphysical processes on surface rainfall have been investigated in previous studies,the thermal effects on rainfall are analyzed in this study using a series of two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving model experiments forced by zonally-uniform,constant,large-scale zonal wind and zero large-scale vertical velocity.The analysis of thermally-related surface rainfall budget reveals that the model domain mean surface rain rate is primarily associated with the mean infrared cooling rate.Convective rainfall and transport of hydrometeor concentration from convective regions to raining stratiform regions corresponds to the heat divergence over convective regions,whereas stratiform rainfall corresponds to the transport of hydrometeor concentration from convective regions and heat divergence over raining stratiform regions.The heat divergence over convective regions is mainly balanced by the heat convergence over rainfall-free regions,which is,in turn,offset by the radiative cooling over rainfall-free regions.The sensitivity experiments of rainfall to the effects of sea surface temperature and cloud radiative and microphysical processes show that the sea surface temperature and cloud processes affect convective rainfall through the changes in infrared cooling rate over rainfall-free regions and transport rate of heat from convective regions to rainfall-free regions.     

The Application of Weighted Logistic Regression Model in Prediction of Porphyry Copper Deposit——take Zharma—Sawur metallogenic belt,China—Kazakhstan border area,as an example

加权Logistic回归是基于GIS成矿预测的主要方法之一,其模型是不同于线性模型的一种类型.它具有强大的空间分析功能、适用性强、不受任何独立条件的约束、预测结果更可靠,因此在矿产资源评价研究中得到了很多地质学家的青睐.以矿床模型和成矿理论为基础,加权Logistic回归分析模型在成矿预测中的应用主要包括三部分:加权Logistic回归模型的建立及其应用、成矿有利度综合评价、成矿远景区圈定.本文以中国—哈萨克斯坦边境地区扎尔玛—萨吾尔成矿带斑岩型铜矿为例,探讨了基于GIS的加权Logistic回归模型在成矿预测中的应用.     

干旱区ETM遥感图像蚀变异常信息提取方法研究

含矿热液蚀变带是成矿作用发生的重要标志之一,它作为矿产资源快速评价和定位预测的一个主要参数,在遥感地质找矿中具有重要意义。本文在分析干旱区ETM遥感影像地物识别所依据的光谱特征的基础上,提出一种基于小波自适应增强及主分量分析相结合的蚀变遥感异常信息提取方法,结合MATLAB编程软件和ERDAS 8.6遥感图像处理软件进行蚀变信息提取试验,并分别与传统的基于波段选择的主成分提取法以及基于主成分分析和比值增强相结合的提取法进行对比分析和效果查证。实验结果表明,研究区内利用小波自适应增强与主分量分析相结合提取的遥感异常与已知矿床、矿（化）点的吻合率达到80%,新发现矿化点一处和外围找矿线索多处,能取得较为满意的提取效果,具有快速、高效、 经济的特点,较之传统方法具有很大的优越性。     

Comparing water use patterns of sand-binding species in an alpine semi-arid desert

The processes of species obtaining water resources are crucial to evaluate the adaptability of plantations, which can affect the establishment and survival of restored ecosystems and functions of water-limited ecosystems. However, there are still limitations in understanding water use patterns of different four plantations (Populus sylvestris, Salix cheliophe, Hippophae rhamnoides and Artemisia ordosica) in the Qinghai Lake basin. Stable isotopes of xylem water of four individual species were analysed at different dunes located at the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake in 2018 and 2019. The purpose of this study was to explore potential water sources used by different life form plants, to identify whether the soil moisture content and root distribution determined the plants water use patterns. Results from the Bayesian mixing model MixSIAR showed that all species mainly uses three levels of soil water, but they extracted soil water from different layers in different growing seasons among species. All species primarily depended on water from upper soil layers at the early growing stage, but P. sylvestris and S. cheliophe also absorbed much proportion middle and deep soil layers' water in dry year of 2019. All four species shift to use middle or deep soil layer water rather than shallow water in July with the most rainfall and soil water content (SWC). However, it was only used by P. sylvestris and H. rhamnoides in 2018. In all, seasonal water use pattern of different species was affected by SWC, soil texture and root distribution. Compared with moratorium plantations such as S. cheliophe, mixed afforestation of P. sylvestris and H. rhamnoides maximized of soil water sources absorbed by the plants. The study can shed light on plant–water relationships to facilitate the woody species for afforestation and desertification restoration management in the semi-arid desert ecosystem.