利用高精度GPS动态监测沟蚀发育过程

基于5次连续模拟降雨试验对坡面沟蚀发育过程的模拟和ArcGis9.0空间分析功能,利用高精度GPS动态监测坡面沟蚀发育过程,估算沟蚀发育不同阶段的侵蚀量,分析误差产生的原因及提高精度的途径.结果表明,在高精度GPS测量生成的沟蚀发育不同阶段的5期图像上展现的侵蚀形态与实拍相片完全一一对应,完美反映了坡面侵蚀形态的空间分布及其变化.高精度GPS测量能很好地估算坡面侵蚀量,侵蚀量估算值与实测值之间的误差随沟蚀形态的发育而逐渐减少,5次测量估算的侵蚀量平均误差为7.38%.GPS测量过程中所产生的误差可以通过划分统一测量区域,适当增加测量点,特别是增加对沟壁和沟床的测量点及后期数据处理进行纠正.     

An Experimental Study on Modulating the Large Volume Airgun Array Signals through Asynchronous Excitation

Large volume airgun arrays have been widely used in exploring and monitoring underground structures for nearly a decade. Nowadays, large volume airgun arrays adopt the synchronous excitation mode, and source characteristics are controlled by the source signal of a single airgun, which to some extent limits its application. In order to realize the asynchronous excitation of the airgun array, we developed a new firing system for the airgun array, and carried out a field experiment in the Binchuan Fixed Airgun Signal Transmission station to study the influences of the asynchronous excitation on the source signal. The experimental results show that:the newly developed airgun array firing system can ignite the airguns according to the setting time series with high precision. By designing the excitation time series, the asynchronous excitation can enhance the energy of airgun source signal at 3-5Hz, and reduce the energy of pressure pulse wave at 6-18Hz. The signal detection capability of the asynchronous excitation with time series mode is equivalent to the synchronous excitation.     

Research on Energy Radiation Characteristics of an Airgun Source Excited in Land Reservoir

The energy radiation process of an airgun seismic source in land reservoir is studied based on the underwater wavelet data collected in the airgun excitation experiments in Binchuan, Yunnan, China. The empirical formula for calculating the bubble pulsation period and the maximum radius of the underwater airgun seismic source is obtained. The results show that: ① The energy radiation efficiency is higher vertically than horizontally. ② The vertical bubble energy radiation efficiency increases with the increase of the air supply pressure. ③ The vertical energy radiation efficiency of the airgun seismic source is 9.4% when the air supply pressure is 15 MPa. ④ The higher the air supply pressure, the further the propagating distance of the superposition-enhanced pressure wave of an airgun source.     

江苏省土地利用功能变化及其空间格局特征

面对资源约束与生态环境破坏的双重压力以及经济发展与社会稳定的双重需要,优化国土空间开发格局已成为中国经济社会可持续发展的重要任务。土地利用作为国土空间开发的核心载体,研究其利用过程中形成的各项功能效应及其变化特征,有利于摸清国土空间开发中的症结与问题。以江苏省为实证,立足区域国土空间发展目标,构建包含农业生产、城镇生活、生态维护等3项一级功能以及9项二级功能的土地利用功能分类体系,以1 km×1 km空间格网为评价单元,运用经济社会数据空间化方法以及InVEST、RUSLE等模型方法,综合测度2000年和2015年两个时间断面下江苏省各项土地利用功能及其变化,分析土地利用功能变化特征,总结土地利用功能变化模式及成因,并划分功能变化分区。结果表明：① 2000-2015年,江苏省农业生产功能西增东减;南部地区城镇生活功能增强明显高于中北部地区;各项生态维护功能变化特征差异显著。② 江苏省农业生产功能与生态维护功能变化存在协同关系,与城镇生活功能变化存在权衡关系。③ 江苏省土地利用功能变化可划分为西南丘陵综合功能提升区、太湖平原生产功能减弱区、沿江平原生活功能增强区等8个类型区,各分区功能变化主导模式存在差异。     

江苏省耕地细碎化评价与土地整治分区研究

在明确耕地细碎化内涵空间尺度特征的基础上,从资源规模性、空间集聚性和生产便利性3方面构建耕地细碎化空间测度体系,以江苏省为例,综合运用地理空间分析、数理统计分析等方法,开展了省域尺度耕地细碎化多维评价及相应的土地整治协同探讨。研究表明：① 江苏省资源规模属性值总体偏低,呈现苏北-苏中-苏南逐级递减的分异格局;空间集聚属性值总体较高,但区域差异明显,高值区主要集中在徐淮平原及里下河平原地区;利用便利属性值总体呈现与资源规模及集聚状况相反的格局特征,苏南明显高于苏中和苏北地区,两极分化明显,地域差异较大;② 在乡镇尺度对各分维属性进行耦合形成江苏省耕地细碎化指数,省域尺度下该指数呈现从北到南逐渐增加的格局特征,表现为北部的低值聚集区和西南部的高值聚集区;③ 基于区域耕地细碎化不同属性特征的层次组合特点,全省可划分为利用提升区、集约归并区、设施改造区、规模流转区、资源优配区和综合整治区6种类型分区,据此提出不同分区土地整治的主要整治方向及关键问题。     

高速射弹小角度入水弹道特性分析

为了研究高速射弹小角度入水空泡发展与弹道特性,开展了入水角度为20°时的高速入水试验研究。高速射弹由空气炮加速获得入水初速,利用高速摄像实现对入水空泡形态的记录,由内测单元记录射弹入水过程的运动参数。试验发现入水初期形成了光滑透明的空泡,射弹以超空泡状态近直线弹道运动;由于横滚角速度和俯仰角速度的存在,射弹入水后形成了尾拍+旋转滑水耦合运动特征。基于VOF多相流模型和空化模型,结合动网格技术,对试验工况进行数值仿真。结果表明：仿真获得的空泡形态、弹道特性与试验结果吻合度高,该方法可有效预报入水弹道。     

台风浪数值模拟方法比较——以1513号台风“苏迪罗”为例

为减少复杂地形对台风浪数值模拟的干扰,有效优化模拟精度和效果,充分发挥台风浪数值模式在防灾减灾中的作用,文章利用ERA-interim风场驱动模式,以1513号台风"苏迪罗"为例,采用2种方案对其形成的台风浪进行数值模拟,并对二者进行比较。其中,方案(1)为采用WW3模式,方案(2)为采用WW3模式和SWAN模式嵌套。研究结果表明:选取有效波高的模拟值和观测值,根据对散点分布的定性分析以及对相关系数、偏差和均方根误差的定量计算,采用方案(2)的模拟精度更高;通过绘制台风浪场分布图,采用方案(2)对有效波高的动态数值模拟更加明显和准确,尤其对于复杂地形海域的模拟效果更优。因此,在未来的海浪数值模拟中,可参照采用方案(2),即在大区域采用WW3模式,在复杂地形海域嵌套SWAN模式。     

骨髓间充质干细胞通过其分泌的外泌体促进髓核细胞增殖的实验研究

目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）旁分泌外泌体（exosomes）对髓核细胞的影响。方法：提取并培养骨髓间充质干细胞,通过ExoQuick提取细胞培养液中exosomes,用电镜、nanosight、免疫印迹（western blot）进行鉴定。采用细胞增殖计数（CCK-8）检测髓核细胞的增殖。通过RT-PCR法检测髓核细胞中基质金属蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）、基质金属蛋白酶-3（MMP-3）及抑制物蛋白（TIMP-1）的mRNA水平。结果：成功提取大小在200nm以下BMSCs分泌的exosomes颗粒,其表达CD63及TSG101蛋白。BMSCs分泌的exosomes能够明显促髓核细胞的增殖,且受刺激后髓核细胞内MMP-1、MMP-3表达水平下降,而TIMP-1表达水平升高。结论：骨髓间充质干细胞来源exosomes能够促进髓核细胞增殖,降低髓核细胞的老化,缓解椎间盘组织的退化。     

An accessible seismological dataset of 2021 Yangbi MS6.4 earthquake

A M_S6.4 earthquake occurred on 21 May 2021 in Yangbi county, Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China, at 21: 48 Beijing Time (13: 48 UTC). Earthquakes with an M3.0 or higher occurred before and after the main shock. Seismic data analysis is essential for the in-depth investigation of the 2021 Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake sequence and the seismotectonics of northwestern Yunnan. Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (CEA), has compiled a dataset of seismological observations from 157 broadband stations located within 500 km of the epicenter, and has made this dataset available to the earthquake science research community. The dataset (total file size: 329 GB) consists of event waveforms with a sampling frequency of 100 sps collected from 18 to 28 May 2021, 20-Hz and 100-Hz continuous waveforms collected from 12 to 31 May 2021, and seismic instrument response files. To promote data sharing, the dataset also includes the seismic event waveforms from 20 to 22 May 2021 recorded at 50 stations of the ongoing Binchuan Active Source Geophysical Observation Project, for which the data protection period has not expired. Sample waveforms of the main shock are included in the appendix of this article and can be downloaded from the Earthquake Science website. The event and continuous waveforms are available from the Earthquake Science Data Center website (www.esdc.ac.cn) on application.     

有限元直接迭代算法

本文提出了有限元直接迭代算法。推导出了直接迭代格式的统一公式,并给出了几种网格剖分方式下的有限元直接迭代格式的具体形式,讨论了各剖分方式的优劣。编程实现了该算法并进行了实例验证