中国海相油气田勘探实例之十一 四川盆地五百梯石炭系气田的勘探与发现

五百梯石炭系气田位于重庆市开县和四川省开江县境内,是一个具有统一气水界面的大型整装气田。气田发现于1989年,探明地质储量为539.88×108m3(1993年)。石炭系气藏的气体来源于下伏志留系,为低含硫低含二氧化碳的优质干气。储层沉积相主要为海湾浅滩微相,有形成粒屑白云岩的有利条件,沉积物间歇性暴露水面,后生成岩变化作用彻底,溶孔发育。气田构造处于四川盆地开江古隆起东侧斜坡带,遭受剥蚀程度的不均匀性使局部区域石炭系缺失,由此形成大型构造-地层复合圈闭。论述了气田勘探和发现的历程及石炭系气藏的主要地质特征,总结了取得勘探突破的实践与认识。     

闽江下游白头山遗址稻旱混作农业的植硅体证据

稻作和旱作农业的起源与传播一直是植物考古和农业考古研究中的热点,闽江下游地区农业开始的时间及其发展过程对农业向南及向台湾传播的路径和时间研究至关重要,然而由于缺少详细的植物考古学工作,迄今为止关于该地区稻作和旱作农业开始的时间仍然是不清楚的。文章对闽江下游新发掘的闽侯县荆溪镇白头山遗址进行了系统的采样,通过考古学研究和¹⁴C测定确立了年代框架,对遗址进行了详细的植硅体分析。研究结果表明,白头山遗址主要包含闽江下游地区新石器时代晚期到末期的遗存（约5000~3000 cal.a B.P.）,该遗址中植硅体类型丰富,自昙石山下层文化时期至黄瓜山文化时期,均发现有水稻特征型植硅体,黍子稃壳植硅体首次出现于昙石山文化层,说明在距今5000年左右稻作农业已经传播到了闽江下游,距今4700年左右的昙石山文化时期地层中黍子的出现则说明旱作农业的传入,形成了稻旱混作的原始农业格局。结合闽江流域及台湾地区其他的植物考古学工作,认为闽江是稻旱农业向台湾及东南亚地区传播的重要通道,研究结果为深入了解闽江流域新石器时代农业的发生、发展及其结构特征提供新的认识,为稻旱混作农业南传的时间及路径提供了新的证据。

     

Problems related to single gully debris flow assessment models

Natural Hazards - In recent years, various models for single gully debris flow assessment have been proposed. Due to various factors affecting the mechanisms of debris flows, these models face many...     

高密度电法在信阳市燃气混气站场地隐伏断裂探测中的应用

叙述了高密度电法在河南省信阳市燃气混气站场地隐伏断裂探测中的应用，介绍了高密度电法电极排列、数据测量、数据反演处理等的基本原理及其对第四系覆盖层的探测，断裂分布规模情况的确定。钻孔结果对高密度电法揭示的隐伏断裂进行了验证，表明高密度电法工作的有效性。     

天津市供水量与气象因子相关分析及预测模型

利用天津市某区2017年逐日、2017年7月逐时供水资料和气象资料,分析日、时供水量的变化特征及其与气象因子的关系,建立基于气象因子的日供水量预测模型。结果表明:夏季供水量最多,秋季、春季的次之,冬季的最少;日供水量存在明显的节假日效应,特别是在春节长假期间供水量下降明显。分析日供水量与气象因子的相关系数发现,除冬季外,日供水量与气温相关性较高,与其他气象因子相关系数季节差异明显。7月供水时变化特征主要受居民工作生活习惯影响,同一时次的供水量与蒸发量、相对湿度和整点气温相关性较高,但有明显的滞后性,13时的气象条件对全天总供水量影响较大。综合以上分析结论,建立多元回归日供水量预测模型。模型预测结果平均误差为1.48%,可作为日供水量预测参考依据。     

Soil microbial community response to seawater intrusion into coastal aquifer of Donghai Island,South China

Due to the sea level rise and the excessive exploitation of freshwater, seawater intrusion is becoming a critical issue. To clarify the degree of seawater intrusion in Donghai Island and the microbial community structure and functional response to seawater intrusion, groundwater samples and sediment samples were collected at profiles A, B; the profiles were along the direction of groundwater flow, perpendicular to the coastline, a hydrogeochemical survey and soil microbial community analysis were also performed. The hydrogeochemistry analysis showed that the chemical type of groundwater was Na–Cl, brackish water was dominant in the area, and coastal groundwater was strongly affected by seawater intrusion. The effect of seawater intrusion on structural and functional diversity of soil microbes was analyzed from soil samples of the study area, by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results of DGGE patterns and phylogenetic tree show that the extent of seawater intrusion has directly influenced soil microbial community structure. The changes of microbial community structure might be related to the major elements’ concentrations in groundwater. Phylogenetic affiliation indicated that γ-proteobacteria were dominated in the profile A, while β-proteobacteria were mainly appeared in the profile B. The Flavobacteriaceae was only appeared at the shrimp ponds nearby.     

开采引起的含水层失水对地表下沉的影响

为了改善矿区开采沉陷预计精度,解释华东矿区地表下沉系数大于1的原因,减小采动损害,本文基于现场钻孔水位动态观测结果,获得了覆岩破坏与含水层水位变化的3种对应关系。根据含水层失水后固相颗粒有效应力增加引起岩土体孔隙比的变化,建立了含水层失水固结沉降机理,利用叠加原理,导出了地下开采与含水层失水共同引起的地面沉降计算方法。研究实例表明,失水下沉占煤层开采下沉的25%。      

富钾碱性粗面岩在焙烧过程中矿物结构变化研究

应用Ｘ衍射、化学分析结果和物理化学分析方法,研究富钾粗面岩在不同温度下焙烧所发生的矿物成分和结构变化及其变化机理。富钾粗面岩中钾长石向白榴石的转化率在１１００℃以前主要受焙烧温度控制,在１１００℃以后则受其后的降温速度控制。钾在不同温度焙烧样料中的活性与其中肥料矿物的含量呈正相关。     

The changing patterns of cropland conversion to built-up land in China from 1987 to 2010

Over the past few decades, built-up land in China has increasingly expanded with rapid urbanization, industrialization and rural settlements construction. The expansions encroached upon a large amount of cropland, placing great challenges on national food security. Although the impacts of urban expansion on cropland have been intensively illustrated, few attentions have been paid to differentiating the effects of growing urban areas, rural settlements, and industrial/transportation land. To fill this gap and offer comprehensive implications on framing policies for cropland protection, this study investigates and compares the spatio- temporal patterns of cropland conversion to urban areas, rural settlements, and industrial/ transportation land from 1987 to 2010, based on land use maps interpreted from remote sensing imagery. Five indicators were developed to analyze the impacts of built-up land expansion on cropland in China. We find that 42,822 km² of cropland were converted into built-up land in China, accounting for 43.8% of total cropland loss during 1987–2010. Urban growth showed a greater impact on cropland loss than the expansion of rural settlements and the expansion of industrial/transportation land after 2000. The contribution of rural settlement expansion decreased; however, rural settlement saw the highest percentage of traditional cropland loss which is generally in high quality. The contribution of industrial/transportation land expansion increased dramatically and was mainly distributed in major food production regions. These changes were closely related to the economic restructuring, urban-rural transformation and government policies in China. Future cropland conservation should focus on not only finding a reasonable urbanization mode, but also solving the “hollowing village” problem and balancing the industrial transformations.     

Robust Feature Extraction for Geochemical Anomaly Recognition Using a Stacked Convolutional Denoising Autoencoder

Mathematical Geosciences - Deep neural networks perform very well in learning high-level representations in support of multivariate geochemical anomaly recognition. Geochemical exploration data...